The Experts below are selected from a list of 261 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Terence N. Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
interfacial tension and Spreading Coefficient under reservoir conditions
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1998Co-Authors: Robert Amin, Terence N. SmithAbstract:The variation of interfacial tension (IFT) with temperature and pressure strongly influences the transport of the fluid in a reservoir. This makes the IFT probably the most important of the factors that make one-third of the total oil in place (in reservoir rock) un-recoverable by gas drive or water flooding [H.Y. Jennings Jr., G.H. Newman, The effect of temperature and pressure on the interfacial tension of water against methane-normal decane mixtures. SPE 1971, pp. 171–175]. Several models and correlations were used to calculate the measured data presented here. We have studied the applicability of four most commonly used IFT-correlations, those of Katz et al. [D.L. Katz, R.R. Monroe, R.P. Trainer, Surface tension of crude oils containing dissolved gases. AIME. Technical publications No. 1624, pp. 285–294.], Hough and Stegemeier [E.W. Hough, G.L Stegemeier, Correlation of surface and interfacial tension of light hydrocarbons in the critical region. SPEJ, December 1961, pp. 259–263.], Lee and Chien [S.T. Lee, M.C.H. Chien, A new Multicomponent surface Tension correlation based on scaling theory. SPE/DOE 12643 fourth symposium on EOR/Tulsa, OK, April 15–18.], and Pedersen et al. [K.S. Pedersen, F. Aage, P. Tomassen, properties of oils and natural gases. Gulf publishing, 1989, pp. 196–207]. The experimental results from the three binary systems as well as the recombined crude oil system have shown that the IFT in the high pressure region (below saturation pressure) remains quite low despite large pressure decrements. This study was then extended to include measurements of the equilibrium interfacial for oil–brine, oil–gas and gas–brine at reservoir temperature and pressure over the range 250 to 3728 psia. The IFT were used to evaluate the Spreading Coefficient as a function of pressure at reservoir temperature. The viscosity and density of the oil and gas and brine phases were also measured over the same range of reservoir conditions.
-
Measurement of interfacial tension and Spreading Coefficient under reservior conditions: experimental investigation
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 1998Co-Authors: Robert Amin, Terence N. SmithAbstract:Abstract The variation of interfacial tension with temperature and pressure influences the transport of the fluid in a reservoir strongly. This makes the interfacial tension probably the most important of the factors that make one-third of the total oil in place (in reservoir rock) unrecoverable by gas drive or water flooding. Several models and correlations were used to predict the measured data presented here. We have studied the applicability of four of the most commonly used IFT-correlations, those of Katz et al. [AIME Technical Publications No. 1624, pp. 285–294], Hough and Stegemeier [Soc. Pet. Eng. J. (1961) 259–263], Lee and Chien [SPE/DOE 12643, Fourth Symp. on EOR, Tulsa, OK], and Pedersen et al. [Properties of oils and natural gases, Gulf Publishing Co., 1989, pp. 196–207]. The experimental results from the three binary systems as well as the recombined crude oil system have shown that the interfacial tension in the high pressure region (below saturation pressure) remains quite low despite large pressure decrements. This study was then extended to include measurements of the equilibrium interfacial tension for oil-brine, oil-gas and gas-brine at reservoir temperature and pressure over the range 250 to 3728 psia. The interfacial tensions were used to evaluate the Spreading Coefficient as a function of pressure at reservoir temperature. The viscosity and density of the oil and gas and brine phases were also measured over the same range of reservoir conditions.
Robert Amin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
interfacial tension and Spreading Coefficient under reservoir conditions
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1998Co-Authors: Robert Amin, Terence N. SmithAbstract:The variation of interfacial tension (IFT) with temperature and pressure strongly influences the transport of the fluid in a reservoir. This makes the IFT probably the most important of the factors that make one-third of the total oil in place (in reservoir rock) un-recoverable by gas drive or water flooding [H.Y. Jennings Jr., G.H. Newman, The effect of temperature and pressure on the interfacial tension of water against methane-normal decane mixtures. SPE 1971, pp. 171–175]. Several models and correlations were used to calculate the measured data presented here. We have studied the applicability of four most commonly used IFT-correlations, those of Katz et al. [D.L. Katz, R.R. Monroe, R.P. Trainer, Surface tension of crude oils containing dissolved gases. AIME. Technical publications No. 1624, pp. 285–294.], Hough and Stegemeier [E.W. Hough, G.L Stegemeier, Correlation of surface and interfacial tension of light hydrocarbons in the critical region. SPEJ, December 1961, pp. 259–263.], Lee and Chien [S.T. Lee, M.C.H. Chien, A new Multicomponent surface Tension correlation based on scaling theory. SPE/DOE 12643 fourth symposium on EOR/Tulsa, OK, April 15–18.], and Pedersen et al. [K.S. Pedersen, F. Aage, P. Tomassen, properties of oils and natural gases. Gulf publishing, 1989, pp. 196–207]. The experimental results from the three binary systems as well as the recombined crude oil system have shown that the IFT in the high pressure region (below saturation pressure) remains quite low despite large pressure decrements. This study was then extended to include measurements of the equilibrium interfacial for oil–brine, oil–gas and gas–brine at reservoir temperature and pressure over the range 250 to 3728 psia. The IFT were used to evaluate the Spreading Coefficient as a function of pressure at reservoir temperature. The viscosity and density of the oil and gas and brine phases were also measured over the same range of reservoir conditions.
-
Measurement of interfacial tension and Spreading Coefficient under reservior conditions: experimental investigation
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 1998Co-Authors: Robert Amin, Terence N. SmithAbstract:Abstract The variation of interfacial tension with temperature and pressure influences the transport of the fluid in a reservoir strongly. This makes the interfacial tension probably the most important of the factors that make one-third of the total oil in place (in reservoir rock) unrecoverable by gas drive or water flooding. Several models and correlations were used to predict the measured data presented here. We have studied the applicability of four of the most commonly used IFT-correlations, those of Katz et al. [AIME Technical Publications No. 1624, pp. 285–294], Hough and Stegemeier [Soc. Pet. Eng. J. (1961) 259–263], Lee and Chien [SPE/DOE 12643, Fourth Symp. on EOR, Tulsa, OK], and Pedersen et al. [Properties of oils and natural gases, Gulf Publishing Co., 1989, pp. 196–207]. The experimental results from the three binary systems as well as the recombined crude oil system have shown that the interfacial tension in the high pressure region (below saturation pressure) remains quite low despite large pressure decrements. This study was then extended to include measurements of the equilibrium interfacial tension for oil-brine, oil-gas and gas-brine at reservoir temperature and pressure over the range 250 to 3728 psia. The interfacial tensions were used to evaluate the Spreading Coefficient as a function of pressure at reservoir temperature. The viscosity and density of the oil and gas and brine phases were also measured over the same range of reservoir conditions.
Sameer M Wagh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the phase out of perfluorooctane sulfonate pfos and the global future of aqueous film forming foam afff innovations in fire fighting foam
Chemical Engineering Science, 2014Co-Authors: Anant R Sontake, Sameer M WaghAbstract:Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) are among the most popular fire-fighting foams used in liquid fuel fires because of their film forming and fast knock down property. One key ingredient of AFFFs, the fluorocarbon surfactant i.e. perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) which is used to reduce surface tension and positive Spreading Coefficient, is toxic to aquatic life and is a persistent chemical that accumulates in the blood of humans and other animals. Surfactants are not found naturally in the environment and are man-made. In the year 2000 unexpectedly announcement of phasing out fluorocarbon surfactant’s manufacturing and its storage which effected a number of product lines, including the firefighting foams. Internationally the manufacturing and release of PFOS to the environment will be suspended by 2015. New fluorosurfactants have been introduced into the market with reformulation and used to form aqueous fire-fighting foam concentrates. The toxicity of the new fluorosurfactants and their persistence in the environment are not well established and still are under investigation. Their presence in the future market is unsure. The continuous research and development to find out the substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonate derivative (C8) has brought two choices i.e. Fluorine-free foams or Fluorotelomer (C6)-based Foams. These foams which may fulfill requirement of different international standards of fire fighting but still contain small amounts of fluorochemicals and are thus not truly fluorine-free. There is every possibility that even after 2015 new regulation may come in to effect to restrict the use of these new formulations (C6) of fire fighting foam. Therefore, the fire-fighting industry has an urgent need for new, environmental friendly foaming agents and foam stabilizers to replace fluorosurfactants in aqueous fire-fighting foams with enhanced drain time, low bubble coarsening, and faster knockdown and excellent burn back resistance properties.
D Mohan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
studies on carboxylated graphene oxide incorporated polyetherimide mixed matrix ultrafiltration membranes
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2017Co-Authors: Noel Jacob Kaleekkal, A Thanigaivelan, Dipak Rana, D MohanAbstract:Abstract In this work the graphene oxide prepared by the modified Hummers’ method was effectively carboxylated. These carboxylated graphene oxide (c-GO) microsheets was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman shift, zeta potential, and their morphology was observed using a high resolution scanning/transmission electron microscopy. Polyetherimide mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were fabricated by the non-solvent induced phase separation technique with varying concentration of this microsheet. The presence of these microsheets on the membrane surface was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and could also be confirmed visually by optical images. The membranes were further characterized; they showed a greater water flux, higher porosity, and sufficient thermal stability. Incorporation of these microsheets improved the hydrophilicity of the membrane confirmed by the lower contact angle values, which in turn explained the lower interfacial free energy, the increase in work of adhesion, the higher solid-vapor free energy and the Spreading Coefficient. Membranes loaded with 0.3 wt% of c-GO showed a flux recovery of 94% and only a small flux decline even after 180 min of filtration of humic acid (HA) solution. The efficiency of these membranes in removal of HA, toxic metal ions was also investigated. The bacterial anti-adhesion property of c-GO in the membranes was also explored using Escherichia coli, as a model bio-foulant. The charge of the microsheets and their unique architecture imparts higher hydrophilicity and greater fouling resistance along with improved permeation flux when incorporated into the polymer matrix.
-
synthesis and characterization of poly 3 methyl 2 vinyl pyridinium nitrate incorporated polyvinylidine fluoride ultrafiltration membrane for metal ion removal
Separation and Purification Technology, 2015Co-Authors: G Kalaiselvi, P Maheswari, D Mohan, S BalasubramanianAbstract:Abstract Poly 3-methyl 2-vinyl pyridinium nitrate (P3M2VPN) was successfully synthesized from 2, 3-lutidine. The structure of the compound was characterized by IR, NMR and mass spectral analysis. The P3M2VPN incorporated polyvinylidine fluoride ultrafiltration membrane (PVDF/P3M2VPN) was prepared by the phase inversion through wet process and the membranes were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy, water content, hydraulic resistance, contact angle, pure water flux, membrane, porosity and molecular weight cut-off were investigated for the influence of P3M2VPN. The intermolecular interactions between the blend membranes were established by ATR-FTIR. The membranes showed an increase in overall porosity, hydrophilicity and decrease in mean surface-pore size, with the increase of P3M2VPN content. Surface parameters of the membrane such as surface free energy, interfacial free energy, work of adhesion and Spreading Coefficient were calculated. The removal of heavy metal ions such as copper, lead and cadmium using modified PVDF membranes from aqueous solutions has been systematically investigated. The modified membranes exhibit excellent separation properties with high permeabilities at low trans-membrane pressures. The removal of dissolved metal ions is more by P3M2VPN enhanced structure than PVDF membrane.
Atsushi Takahara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
preparation of low surface energy poly 2 perfluorooctyl ethyl acrylate microparticles and its application to liquid marble formation
Langmuir, 2011Co-Authors: Daisuke Matsukuma, Hirohmi Watanabe, Hiroki Yamaguchi, Atsushi TakaharaAbstract:We demonstrate the successful preparation of stable liquid marbles from various liquids. This is accomplished by using low-surface-energy poly[2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl acrylate] (PFA-C8) as microparticles. The PFA-C8 microparticles were prepared by the spontaneous self-organized microparticulation of PFA-C8. The physical properties remained intact in the polymer morphology as confirmed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The extremely low surface energy of PFA-C8 provides a high solid−liquid Spreading Coefficient (SS/L) value for various combinations of liquids. As a result, liquid marbles were obtained from various liquids, unlike the case with other fluorine polymer particles such as poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and poly(vinilydene fluoride) (PVDF). These results suggest that the technique is widely applicable for preparing novel functional materials.