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František Sehnal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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split application of glyphosate in herbicide tolerant maize provides efficient weed control and favors beneficial epigeic arthropods
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Zdeňka Svobodová, Jaroslav Boháč, Oxana Skokova Habustova, J Holec, Michal Holec, M Jursik, Josef Soukup, František SehnalAbstract:Abstract Wide deployment of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) maize may affect the efficiency of weed control methods and impair ecosystem functioning. We examined these potential threats using glyphosate-tolerant maize NK603 (Monsanto Technology LLC, St. Louis, MO, USA) planted in 54 randomly distributed plots in 2013 and 2014. Maize was grown in three herbicide treatments combined with six tillage regimes. Conventional, single post-emergence application of a selective herbicide MaisTer (Bayer CropScience GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; hereafter as MT) was compared with two herbicide strategies used in the glyphosate-tolerant crops: split application of Roundup Rapid (Monsanto Europe S.A./N.V., Brussels, Belgium; hereafter as RRRR) and application of this herbicide mixed with the soil residual herbicide Guardian Extra (Monsanto Europe S.A./N.V.; hereafter as RRGE). MT proved unreliable, whereas RRRR and especially RRGE provided efficient weed control and affected weed performance during the season. RRRR permitted restoration of weed cover during the latter half of the cultivation season. Conventional, reduced, and conservation (mulching with Hordeum vulgare, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Sinapis alba, and Trifolium incarnatum) tillage had minor effect on the weed performance. Carabids, Staphylinids, and spiders were monitored to assess environmental impact of tested weed management practices. Carabid communities were not affected by the type of tillage but responded to the herbicide treatments. The plots treated with MT harbored the highest carabid activity abundance and species richness, followed by RRRR, and then by RRGE. RRRR and RRGE treatments also reduced the rise of Staphylinid abundance and species richness after harvest, while conventional tillage negatively affected Staphylinids at the start of the cultivation season. Spider and carabid activity abundance was similar, but spider species richness was highest in the RRRR plots. Neither herbicides nor tillage strongly affected arthropod species evenness. Multivariate analysis showed that weed species richness was significantly correlated with the species activity abundance of all three arthropod groups; weed coverage had a similar but smaller effect but the effect of herbicides and tillage was negligible. We concluded that herbicide treatments curbed weed performance which consequently influenced associated arthropods. The RRRR herbicide treatment adequately regulates weeds and exerts restoration of weed cover later in growing season that is beneficial to the arthropods. Thus, GMHT crops have a potential to combine economic and environmental advantages for agroecosystem sustainability and can be recommended for implementation in European crop production systems.
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Functional diversity of Staphylinid beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in maize fields: testing the possible effect of genetically modified, insect resistant maize.
Bulletin of entomological research, 2016Co-Authors: Zdeňka Svobodová, Jaroslav Boháč, O. Skoková Habuštová, František SehnalAbstract:Staphylinid beetles are recommended bioindicators for the pre-market environmental risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) insect protected maize expressing the Cry3Bb1 toxin. Our multiannual study is a unique European analysis of a Staphylinid community within a 14 ha maize field. GM maize, its near-isogenic hybrid (with or without insecticide treatment), and two other reference hybrids were each grown in five 0.5 ha plots. The opportunity for exposure to Cry toxin from plant residues ploughed into the soil was shown by the presence of saprophagous dipteran larvae that are common prey of predatory Staphylinid species and hosts of the parasitoid species. 2587 individuals belonging to 77 Staphylinid species were sampled using pitfall traps. Lesteva longoelytrata (31%), Oxypoda acuminata (12%), Aloconota sulcifrons (8%) and Anotylus rugosus (7%) were the most abundant beetles in the field. Bionomics, food specialization, temperature requirements and size group were assigned for 25 most common species. These traits determine the occurrence of Staphylinid beetles in the field, the food sources they could utilize and thus also their likely contact with the Cry3Bb1 toxin. Statistical analysis of activity abundance, Rao indices and multivariate analysis of distribution of particular categories of functional traits in the field showed negligible effects of the experimental treatments, including the GM maize, upon the Staphylinid community. Staphylinid beetles represent a considerably diverse part of epigeic field fauna with wide food specialization; these features render them suitable for the assessment of environmental safety of GM insect protected maize. However, the availability of prey and the presence of particular Staphylinid species and their abundance are highly variable; this complicates the interpretation of the results.
Zdeňka Svobodová - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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split application of glyphosate in herbicide tolerant maize provides efficient weed control and favors beneficial epigeic arthropods
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Zdeňka Svobodová, Jaroslav Boháč, Oxana Skokova Habustova, J Holec, Michal Holec, M Jursik, Josef Soukup, František SehnalAbstract:Abstract Wide deployment of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) maize may affect the efficiency of weed control methods and impair ecosystem functioning. We examined these potential threats using glyphosate-tolerant maize NK603 (Monsanto Technology LLC, St. Louis, MO, USA) planted in 54 randomly distributed plots in 2013 and 2014. Maize was grown in three herbicide treatments combined with six tillage regimes. Conventional, single post-emergence application of a selective herbicide MaisTer (Bayer CropScience GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; hereafter as MT) was compared with two herbicide strategies used in the glyphosate-tolerant crops: split application of Roundup Rapid (Monsanto Europe S.A./N.V., Brussels, Belgium; hereafter as RRRR) and application of this herbicide mixed with the soil residual herbicide Guardian Extra (Monsanto Europe S.A./N.V.; hereafter as RRGE). MT proved unreliable, whereas RRRR and especially RRGE provided efficient weed control and affected weed performance during the season. RRRR permitted restoration of weed cover during the latter half of the cultivation season. Conventional, reduced, and conservation (mulching with Hordeum vulgare, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Sinapis alba, and Trifolium incarnatum) tillage had minor effect on the weed performance. Carabids, Staphylinids, and spiders were monitored to assess environmental impact of tested weed management practices. Carabid communities were not affected by the type of tillage but responded to the herbicide treatments. The plots treated with MT harbored the highest carabid activity abundance and species richness, followed by RRRR, and then by RRGE. RRRR and RRGE treatments also reduced the rise of Staphylinid abundance and species richness after harvest, while conventional tillage negatively affected Staphylinids at the start of the cultivation season. Spider and carabid activity abundance was similar, but spider species richness was highest in the RRRR plots. Neither herbicides nor tillage strongly affected arthropod species evenness. Multivariate analysis showed that weed species richness was significantly correlated with the species activity abundance of all three arthropod groups; weed coverage had a similar but smaller effect but the effect of herbicides and tillage was negligible. We concluded that herbicide treatments curbed weed performance which consequently influenced associated arthropods. The RRRR herbicide treatment adequately regulates weeds and exerts restoration of weed cover later in growing season that is beneficial to the arthropods. Thus, GMHT crops have a potential to combine economic and environmental advantages for agroecosystem sustainability and can be recommended for implementation in European crop production systems.
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Functional diversity of Staphylinid beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in maize fields: testing the possible effect of genetically modified, insect resistant maize.
Bulletin of entomological research, 2016Co-Authors: Zdeňka Svobodová, Jaroslav Boháč, O. Skoková Habuštová, František SehnalAbstract:Staphylinid beetles are recommended bioindicators for the pre-market environmental risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) insect protected maize expressing the Cry3Bb1 toxin. Our multiannual study is a unique European analysis of a Staphylinid community within a 14 ha maize field. GM maize, its near-isogenic hybrid (with or without insecticide treatment), and two other reference hybrids were each grown in five 0.5 ha plots. The opportunity for exposure to Cry toxin from plant residues ploughed into the soil was shown by the presence of saprophagous dipteran larvae that are common prey of predatory Staphylinid species and hosts of the parasitoid species. 2587 individuals belonging to 77 Staphylinid species were sampled using pitfall traps. Lesteva longoelytrata (31%), Oxypoda acuminata (12%), Aloconota sulcifrons (8%) and Anotylus rugosus (7%) were the most abundant beetles in the field. Bionomics, food specialization, temperature requirements and size group were assigned for 25 most common species. These traits determine the occurrence of Staphylinid beetles in the field, the food sources they could utilize and thus also their likely contact with the Cry3Bb1 toxin. Statistical analysis of activity abundance, Rao indices and multivariate analysis of distribution of particular categories of functional traits in the field showed negligible effects of the experimental treatments, including the GM maize, upon the Staphylinid community. Staphylinid beetles represent a considerably diverse part of epigeic field fauna with wide food specialization; these features render them suitable for the assessment of environmental safety of GM insect protected maize. However, the availability of prey and the presence of particular Staphylinid species and their abundance are highly variable; this complicates the interpretation of the results.
Jaroslav Boháč - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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split application of glyphosate in herbicide tolerant maize provides efficient weed control and favors beneficial epigeic arthropods
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Zdeňka Svobodová, Jaroslav Boháč, Oxana Skokova Habustova, J Holec, Michal Holec, M Jursik, Josef Soukup, František SehnalAbstract:Abstract Wide deployment of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) maize may affect the efficiency of weed control methods and impair ecosystem functioning. We examined these potential threats using glyphosate-tolerant maize NK603 (Monsanto Technology LLC, St. Louis, MO, USA) planted in 54 randomly distributed plots in 2013 and 2014. Maize was grown in three herbicide treatments combined with six tillage regimes. Conventional, single post-emergence application of a selective herbicide MaisTer (Bayer CropScience GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; hereafter as MT) was compared with two herbicide strategies used in the glyphosate-tolerant crops: split application of Roundup Rapid (Monsanto Europe S.A./N.V., Brussels, Belgium; hereafter as RRRR) and application of this herbicide mixed with the soil residual herbicide Guardian Extra (Monsanto Europe S.A./N.V.; hereafter as RRGE). MT proved unreliable, whereas RRRR and especially RRGE provided efficient weed control and affected weed performance during the season. RRRR permitted restoration of weed cover during the latter half of the cultivation season. Conventional, reduced, and conservation (mulching with Hordeum vulgare, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Sinapis alba, and Trifolium incarnatum) tillage had minor effect on the weed performance. Carabids, Staphylinids, and spiders were monitored to assess environmental impact of tested weed management practices. Carabid communities were not affected by the type of tillage but responded to the herbicide treatments. The plots treated with MT harbored the highest carabid activity abundance and species richness, followed by RRRR, and then by RRGE. RRRR and RRGE treatments also reduced the rise of Staphylinid abundance and species richness after harvest, while conventional tillage negatively affected Staphylinids at the start of the cultivation season. Spider and carabid activity abundance was similar, but spider species richness was highest in the RRRR plots. Neither herbicides nor tillage strongly affected arthropod species evenness. Multivariate analysis showed that weed species richness was significantly correlated with the species activity abundance of all three arthropod groups; weed coverage had a similar but smaller effect but the effect of herbicides and tillage was negligible. We concluded that herbicide treatments curbed weed performance which consequently influenced associated arthropods. The RRRR herbicide treatment adequately regulates weeds and exerts restoration of weed cover later in growing season that is beneficial to the arthropods. Thus, GMHT crops have a potential to combine economic and environmental advantages for agroecosystem sustainability and can be recommended for implementation in European crop production systems.
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Functional diversity of Staphylinid beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in maize fields: testing the possible effect of genetically modified, insect resistant maize.
Bulletin of entomological research, 2016Co-Authors: Zdeňka Svobodová, Jaroslav Boháč, O. Skoková Habuštová, František SehnalAbstract:Staphylinid beetles are recommended bioindicators for the pre-market environmental risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) insect protected maize expressing the Cry3Bb1 toxin. Our multiannual study is a unique European analysis of a Staphylinid community within a 14 ha maize field. GM maize, its near-isogenic hybrid (with or without insecticide treatment), and two other reference hybrids were each grown in five 0.5 ha plots. The opportunity for exposure to Cry toxin from plant residues ploughed into the soil was shown by the presence of saprophagous dipteran larvae that are common prey of predatory Staphylinid species and hosts of the parasitoid species. 2587 individuals belonging to 77 Staphylinid species were sampled using pitfall traps. Lesteva longoelytrata (31%), Oxypoda acuminata (12%), Aloconota sulcifrons (8%) and Anotylus rugosus (7%) were the most abundant beetles in the field. Bionomics, food specialization, temperature requirements and size group were assigned for 25 most common species. These traits determine the occurrence of Staphylinid beetles in the field, the food sources they could utilize and thus also their likely contact with the Cry3Bb1 toxin. Statistical analysis of activity abundance, Rao indices and multivariate analysis of distribution of particular categories of functional traits in the field showed negligible effects of the experimental treatments, including the GM maize, upon the Staphylinid community. Staphylinid beetles represent a considerably diverse part of epigeic field fauna with wide food specialization; these features render them suitable for the assessment of environmental safety of GM insect protected maize. However, the availability of prey and the presence of particular Staphylinid species and their abundance are highly variable; this complicates the interpretation of the results.
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The role of various meadow margin types in shaping carabid and Staphylinid beetle assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Staphylinidae) in meadow dominated landscapes
Journal of Insect Conservation, 2015Co-Authors: Zuzana Jahnová, Michal Knapp, Jaroslav Boháč, Marie TulachováAbstract:Less intensively managed semi-natural habitats, e.g., field and meadow margins like hedgerows, are thought to be crucial landscape components for maintaining biodiversity in highly disturbed and intensively managed agricultural landscapes. In this study, we focused on the effects of three meadow margin types on activity-density, species richness and species composition of carabid and Staphylinid beetles recorded by pitfall traps in Central European landscapes dominated by intensively managed meadows. Carabid activity-density was significantly higher in meadows than in meadow margins and within meadow margins their activity-density increased from grassy meadow margins via shrubby ones to woody meadow margins. We found that recorded species richness of both carabid and Staphylinid beetles was not significantly affected by habitat identity (meadow margin or neighbouring meadow) and meadow margin type. Recorded species composition of both investigated taxa was significantly affected by habitat identity and interaction between habitat identity and meadow margin type (i.e. it differed between particular meadow margin types). Assemblages inhabiting various meadow margin types were more dissimilar between each other than assemblages from neighbouring meadows. Meadow margins within grassland dominated landscapes maintain local species richness by hosting different species from those living in surrounding meadows. Dissimilarity of carabid and Staphylinid assemblages from meadows neighbouring both sides of particular meadow margin did not differ between meadow margin types. Our results indicate that semi-natural habitats play an important role in maintaining biodiversity not only in agricultural landscapes dominated by arable fields, but also in those dominated by meadows.
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Staphylinid beetles as bioindicators
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 1999Co-Authors: Jaroslav BoháčAbstract:The family Staphylinidae is one of the largest beetle families and is distributed worldwide in almost all types of ecosystems. The morpho-ecological characteristics of Staphylinid beetle adults and developmental stages are summarized, and features pertaining to their potential use as bioindicators are highlighted. Methods of study and practical examples are given for the application of Staphylinids as bioindicators both in seminatural and cultural landscapes. The structure of Staphylinid communities in biotopes with various management practices is described. Future refinements in identification and sampling methods should result in increased use of Staphylinids as bioindicators, possibly in combination with studies of other insects competing for the same resources.
B Reichhart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Staphylinidae and carabidae overwintering in wheat and sown wildflower areas of different age
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2004Co-Authors: Thomas Frank, B ReichhartAbstract:Species richness and abundance of Staphylinid and carabid beetles overwintering in winter wheat fields and 1- to 3-year-old wildflower areas were investigated during 2000/2001 on 16 study sites in Switzerland. Abundance and species richness of overwintering Staphylinids significantly increased with successional age of the wildflower areas and were always higher in older wildflower areas than in winter wheat. A similar but less distinct pattern was observed for the abundance and species richness of carabid beetles. The influence of habitat parameters (vegetation cover, fine sand content, organic matter, pH, soil pore volume, surrounding landscape structure, habitat area) on the Staphylinid and carabid assemblages based on the number of individuals per species and site was analysed using canonical correspondence analysis. Vegetation cover was the most significant parameter significantly characterizing both Staphylinid and carabid assemblages. The amount of vegetation cover explained 15.7% of the variance, fine sand content accounted for 13.3% and surrounding landscape structure for 10.9% of the variance in the Staphylinid assemblage. In the carabid assemblage, vegetation cover was the only significant factor, explaining 24.7% of the variance. This study showed for the first time that the significance of wildflower areas as a reservoir for hibernation for generalist predatory beetles increases with progressing successional age.
Thomas Frank - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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beneficial arthropods respond differentially to wildflower areas of different age
Annales Zoologici Fennici, 2009Co-Authors: Thomas Frank, Irene Kunzle, Simone Aeschbacher, Mario Barone, Christa Lethmayer, Corinne MosimannAbstract:We investigated the response of predatory spiders, carabids, Staphylinids and heteropteran bugs to the age of wildflower areas at twenty 1- to 4-year-old wildflower sites and in wheat fields. Density, biomass and species richness of spiders, carabids and bugs increased with the age of wildflower sites, and were higher at older wildflower sites than in the wheat fields. In contrast, Staphylinid density decreased significantly with the age of wildflower sites. Canonical correspondence analysis explained 42.4% and 46.7% of the total variance of spider and carabid assemblages, respectively. Spider and carabid assemblages were best explained by vegetation cover. Mean individual weights of spiders, carabids and Staphylinids increased significantly with the age of wildflower sites. The positive response of these three groups of beneficials is of practical relevance because many farmers currently remove wildflower areas after two to three years of establishment. Thus, older stages of succession increase the numbe...
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Staphylinidae and carabidae overwintering in wheat and sown wildflower areas of different age
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2004Co-Authors: Thomas Frank, B ReichhartAbstract:Species richness and abundance of Staphylinid and carabid beetles overwintering in winter wheat fields and 1- to 3-year-old wildflower areas were investigated during 2000/2001 on 16 study sites in Switzerland. Abundance and species richness of overwintering Staphylinids significantly increased with successional age of the wildflower areas and were always higher in older wildflower areas than in winter wheat. A similar but less distinct pattern was observed for the abundance and species richness of carabid beetles. The influence of habitat parameters (vegetation cover, fine sand content, organic matter, pH, soil pore volume, surrounding landscape structure, habitat area) on the Staphylinid and carabid assemblages based on the number of individuals per species and site was analysed using canonical correspondence analysis. Vegetation cover was the most significant parameter significantly characterizing both Staphylinid and carabid assemblages. The amount of vegetation cover explained 15.7% of the variance, fine sand content accounted for 13.3% and surrounding landscape structure for 10.9% of the variance in the Staphylinid assemblage. In the carabid assemblage, vegetation cover was the only significant factor, explaining 24.7% of the variance. This study showed for the first time that the significance of wildflower areas as a reservoir for hibernation for generalist predatory beetles increases with progressing successional age.
