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David A. Bemis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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expression and function of protein a in Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius
Virulence, 2018Co-Authors: Manasi Balachandran, David A. Bemis, Stephen A KaniaAbstract:Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen in dogs and the most frequent cause of canine pyoderma. Protein A, a potent virulence factor in S. aureus is encoded by the spa gene. S....
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Characterization of recombinant wild-type and nontoxigenic protein A from Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius
Taylor & Francis Group, 2018Co-Authors: Mohamed A. Abouelkhair, David A. Bemis, Stephen A KaniaAbstract:Background: Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen that is the major cause of pyoderma affecting dogs. Conventional antimicrobial treatment for infections caused by this organism have failed in recent years due to widespread resistance and alternative treatment strategies are a high priority. Protein A encoded in Staphylococcus aureus by spa protects the bacterium by binding IgG and acts as a superantigen. Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius possess two genes orthologous to S. aureus spa, spsP, and spsQ. Methods: SpsQ and SpsQ-M, a non-toxigenic SpsQ, were cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins and their cytotoxic effect on canine B cells was measured. The neutralizing ability of antibody raised against them in clinically healthy dogs was evaluated. Results: S. Pseudintermedius SpsQ induced apoptosis of canine B cells. Specific amino acid substitutions diminished SpsQ-M binding to immunoglobulin and its super-antigenic activity, while its antigenicity was maintained. This recombinant, non-toxigenic S. Pseudintermedius SpsQ stimulated the production of antibodies in dogs that specifically reacted with SpsQ and greatly diminished its cytotoxic effect on canine B cells. Conclusions: The production of neutralizing antibody suggests that attenuated, non-toxic SpsQ produced in this study is a good candidate for inclusion in a vaccine for use in the treatment and prevention of S. Pseudintermedius infections. Abbreviations: SpA: Staphylococcus aureus protein A; SpsP: Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius protein A; SpsQ: Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius protein A; SpsQ-M: attenuated Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius protein A; MRSP: methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius; IgA: immunoglobulin A; IgG: immunoglobulin G; IgM: immunoglobulin M; VH: variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chain; IgBD: immunoglobulin binding domains; MFI: mean fluorescent intensity; SEM: standard error of the mean; PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; CD21: complement receptor type 2; ST: Sequence type; OD: Optical density; ORF: open reading frame; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline; Tween 20: Polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate 20; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; TMB- 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidin
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Characterization of recombinant wild-type and nontoxigenic protein A from Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius
2018Co-Authors: Mohamed A. Abouelkhair, David A. Bemis, Stephen A KaniaAbstract:Background:Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen that is the major cause of pyoderma affecting dogs. Conventional antimicrobial treatment for infections caused by this organism have failed in recent years due to widespread resistance and alternative treatment strategies are a high priority. Protein A encoded in Staphylococcus aureus by spa protects the bacterium by binding IgG and acts as a superantigen. Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius possess two genes orthologous to S. aureus spa, spsP, and spsQ. Methods: SpsQ and SpsQ-M, a non-toxigenic SpsQ, were cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins and their cytotoxic effect on canine B cells was measured. The neutralizing ability of antibody raised against them in clinically healthy dogs was evaluated. Results: S. Pseudintermedius SpsQ induced apoptosis of canine B cells. Specific amino acid substitutions diminished SpsQ-M binding to immunoglobulin and its super-antigenic activity, while its antigenicity was maintained. This recombinant, non-toxigenic S. Pseudintermedius SpsQ stimulated the production of antibodies in dogs that specifically reacted with SpsQ and greatly diminished its cytotoxic effect on canine B cells. Conclusions: The production of neutralizing antibody suggests that attenuated, non-toxic SpsQ produced in this study is a good candidate for inclusion in a vaccine for use in the treatment and prevention of S. Pseudintermedius infections. Abbreviations: SpA: Staphylococcus aureus protein A; SpsP: Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius protein A; SpsQ: Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius protein A; SpsQ-M: attenuated Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius protein A; MRSP: methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius; IgA: immunoglobulin A; IgG: immunoglobulin G; IgM: immunoglobulin M; VH: variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chain; IgBD: immunoglobulin binding domains; MFI: mean fluorescent intensity; SEM: standard error of the mean; PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; CD21: complement receptor type 2; ST: Sequence type; OD: Optical density; ORF: open reading frame; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline; Tween 20: Polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate 20; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; TMB- 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine
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clonal complexes and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius isolates from dogs in the united states
Microbial Drug Resistance, 2018Co-Authors: Ricardo Videla, David A. Bemis, Samar M Solyman, Akshar Brahmbhatt, Leslie Sadeghi, Stephen A KaniaAbstract:Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius is the primary cause of canine pyoderma and has been associated with diseases in other animals, including human beings. A high prevalence of methicillin and multidrug resistance has been reported in this bacterium in some geographic regions of the United States. Multilocus sequence type (MLST) 68 was implicated, initially, as the major clonal genotype based on a limited number of samples. The objectives of this study were to determine the population genetics of S. Pseudintermedius isolated from a cross-section of the United States using a seven-locus multilocus sequence typing method, to identify clonal complexes (CCs), and to correlate sequence types with antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. A total of 190 S. Pseudintermedius with 86 different MLSTs were detected and the constituents of three major CCs of methicillin-resistant S. Pseudintermedius (MRSP), CC68, CC71, and CC84, were identified. Different patterns of resistance were associated with each CC. CC71 from the United States had notable differences with CC71 studied on other continents with chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance. Some isolates with resistance to the broadest range of drugs tested, including that to chloramphenicol, had STs unrelated to the major CCs, suggesting the potential for the emergence of new clonal populations of MRSP that are resistant to most therapeutically useful antimicrobials.
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complete genome sequences of three important methicillin resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius
Genome Announcements, 2016Co-Authors: Matthew C Riley, David A. Bemis, Vincent Perreten, Stephen A KaniaAbstract:We report the first complete genome sequences of three predominant clones (ST68, ST71, and ST84) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius in North America. All strains were isolated from canine infections and have different SCCmec elements and antibiotic resistance gene patterns.
Luca Guardabassi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antimicrobial synergy between carprofen and doxycycline against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius st71
BMC Veterinary Research, 2016Co-Authors: Rikke Prejh Brochmann, Alexandra Helmfrid, Bimal Jana, Zofia Magnowska, Luca GuardabassiAbstract:Background New therapeutic strategies are needed to face the rapid spread of multidrug-resistant staphylococci in veterinary medicine. The objective of this study was to identify synergies between antimicrobial and non-antimicrobial drugs commonly used in companion animals as a possible strategy to restore antimicrobial susceptibility in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius (MRSP).
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minocycline pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in dogs dosage recommendations for treatment of meticillin resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius infections
Veterinary Dermatology, 2014Co-Authors: Marit Maaland, Luca Guardabassi, Mark G PapichAbstract:Background Although minocycline is not licensed for use in dogs, this tetracycline has therapeutic potential against meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius. Hypothesis/Objectives The aim of this study was to establish rational dosage recommendations for minocycline use in dogs. Specific objectives were to generate and analyse minocycline pharmacokinetic (PK) data on plasma and interstitial fluid (ISF) concentrations, plasma protein binding and pharmacodynamic (PD) data on antimicrobial activity against S. Pseudintermedius. Animals Six healthy dogs from a research colony were used in this study. Methods Dogs were administered 5 mg/kg intravenously and 10 mg/kg orally (p.o.) of minocycline hydrochloride in separate crossover experiments. In vivo drug concentrations in plasma and in ISF collected by ultrafiltration were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on plasma and ISF concentrations. PK/PD analysis was completed using in vitro data on plasma protein binding and minocycline susceptibility in 168 S. Pseudintermedius isolates. Results Minocycline distributed to the ISF to a higher degree than predicted by the protein-unbound fraction in plasma. A large volume of distribution after oral administration, with plasma and ISF elimination half-lives of 4.1 and 7.4 h, respectively, demonstrated that the ISF serves as a drug reservoir for sustained tissue concentrations. Monte Carlo simulation, used to assess target attainment at different drug dosages, indicated that p.o. administration of 5 mg/kg twice daily is sufficient to inhibit S. Pseudintermedius strains with minimal inhibitory concentrations ≤0.25 μg/mL. Conclusions and clinical importance Besides dosage recommendations for therapy of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius infections in dogs, the study also provides PK/PD data necessary to consider species-specific clinical breakpoints for minocycline susceptibility testing.
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Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius in the dog taxonomy diagnostics ecology epidemiology and pathogenicity
Veterinary Dermatology, 2012Co-Authors: Jeanette Bannoehr, Luca GuardabassiAbstract:The dog is the natural host of Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius. Many research efforts are currently being undertaken to expand our knowledge and understanding of this important canine commensal and opportunistic pathogen. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the species, including the latest research outcomes, with emphasis on taxonomy, diagnostics, ecology, epidemiology and pathogenicity. Despite the important taxonomic changes that have occurred over the past few years, the risk of misidentification in canine specimens is low and does not have serious consequences for clinical practice. Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius carriage in the dog is more frequent and genetically heterogeneous compared with that of Staphylococcus aureus in man. It appears that these staphylococcal species have evolved separately through adaptation to their respective natural hosts and differ with regard to various aspects concerning ecology, population structure and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Further understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of S. Pseudintermedius is hampered by the lack of a standard method for rapid and discriminatory typing and by the limited data available on longitudinal carriage and population structure of meticillin-susceptible strains. With regard to pathogenicity, it is only now that we are starting to explore the virulence potential of S. Pseudintermedius based on genomic and proteomic approaches, and more research is needed to assess the importance of individual virulence factors and the possible existence of hypervirulent strains.
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prevalence of canine methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in italy
Research in Veterinary Science, 2011Co-Authors: M De Lucia, Arshnee Moodley, Francesca Latronico, A Giordano, Marco Caldin, Alessandra Fondati, Luca GuardabassiAbstract:Abstract The overall prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius (MRSP) was 2% (10/590) among 590 canine specimens submitted to an Italian veterinary diagnostic laboratory during a two-month period, and 21% (10/48) among Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) isolates. All methicillin-resistant strains exhibited additional resistance to fluoroquinolones, gentamicin, lincosamides, tetracyclines, and potentiated sulfonamides, belonged predominantly to spa type t02 and harboured SCCmec type II–III cassette.
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in vitro antimicrobial activity of nitrofurantoin against escherichia coli and Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius isolated from dogs and cats
Veterinary Microbiology, 2011Co-Authors: Marit Maaland, Luca GuardabassiAbstract:Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of nitrofurantoin were determined by agar dilution in 269 canine and feline isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius, two of the most common bacterial species associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) in small animals. The MIC90 for E. coli and S. Pseudintermedius were 32 and 16 μg/ml, respectively. All isolates, including multidrug-resistant strains of known genetic background, displayed MICs below the drug concentrations reported in canine urine following oral administration of nitrofurantoin. Preliminary data on mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and many years of nitrofurantoin usage in human medicine suggest that emergence of resistant mutants during treatment is not a critical issue for this drug. The study provides species-specific data on nitrofurantoin MIC distribution that can be used for setting dog- and cat-specific breakpoints. Although nitrofurantoin is not an appropriate first-line agent for empirical treatment of canine UTI due to toxicity and poor pharmacokinetic properties, it may be indicated for treatment of UTI caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, which are otherwise difficult to treat using conventional veterinary antimicrobial agents.
Stephen A Kania - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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expression and function of protein a in Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius
Virulence, 2018Co-Authors: Manasi Balachandran, David A. Bemis, Stephen A KaniaAbstract:Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen in dogs and the most frequent cause of canine pyoderma. Protein A, a potent virulence factor in S. aureus is encoded by the spa gene. S....
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Characterization of recombinant wild-type and nontoxigenic protein A from Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius
Taylor & Francis Group, 2018Co-Authors: Mohamed A. Abouelkhair, David A. Bemis, Stephen A KaniaAbstract:Background: Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen that is the major cause of pyoderma affecting dogs. Conventional antimicrobial treatment for infections caused by this organism have failed in recent years due to widespread resistance and alternative treatment strategies are a high priority. Protein A encoded in Staphylococcus aureus by spa protects the bacterium by binding IgG and acts as a superantigen. Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius possess two genes orthologous to S. aureus spa, spsP, and spsQ. Methods: SpsQ and SpsQ-M, a non-toxigenic SpsQ, were cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins and their cytotoxic effect on canine B cells was measured. The neutralizing ability of antibody raised against them in clinically healthy dogs was evaluated. Results: S. Pseudintermedius SpsQ induced apoptosis of canine B cells. Specific amino acid substitutions diminished SpsQ-M binding to immunoglobulin and its super-antigenic activity, while its antigenicity was maintained. This recombinant, non-toxigenic S. Pseudintermedius SpsQ stimulated the production of antibodies in dogs that specifically reacted with SpsQ and greatly diminished its cytotoxic effect on canine B cells. Conclusions: The production of neutralizing antibody suggests that attenuated, non-toxic SpsQ produced in this study is a good candidate for inclusion in a vaccine for use in the treatment and prevention of S. Pseudintermedius infections. Abbreviations: SpA: Staphylococcus aureus protein A; SpsP: Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius protein A; SpsQ: Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius protein A; SpsQ-M: attenuated Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius protein A; MRSP: methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius; IgA: immunoglobulin A; IgG: immunoglobulin G; IgM: immunoglobulin M; VH: variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chain; IgBD: immunoglobulin binding domains; MFI: mean fluorescent intensity; SEM: standard error of the mean; PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; CD21: complement receptor type 2; ST: Sequence type; OD: Optical density; ORF: open reading frame; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline; Tween 20: Polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate 20; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; TMB- 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidin
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Characterization of recombinant wild-type and nontoxigenic protein A from Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius
2018Co-Authors: Mohamed A. Abouelkhair, David A. Bemis, Stephen A KaniaAbstract:Background:Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen that is the major cause of pyoderma affecting dogs. Conventional antimicrobial treatment for infections caused by this organism have failed in recent years due to widespread resistance and alternative treatment strategies are a high priority. Protein A encoded in Staphylococcus aureus by spa protects the bacterium by binding IgG and acts as a superantigen. Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius possess two genes orthologous to S. aureus spa, spsP, and spsQ. Methods: SpsQ and SpsQ-M, a non-toxigenic SpsQ, were cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins and their cytotoxic effect on canine B cells was measured. The neutralizing ability of antibody raised against them in clinically healthy dogs was evaluated. Results: S. Pseudintermedius SpsQ induced apoptosis of canine B cells. Specific amino acid substitutions diminished SpsQ-M binding to immunoglobulin and its super-antigenic activity, while its antigenicity was maintained. This recombinant, non-toxigenic S. Pseudintermedius SpsQ stimulated the production of antibodies in dogs that specifically reacted with SpsQ and greatly diminished its cytotoxic effect on canine B cells. Conclusions: The production of neutralizing antibody suggests that attenuated, non-toxic SpsQ produced in this study is a good candidate for inclusion in a vaccine for use in the treatment and prevention of S. Pseudintermedius infections. Abbreviations: SpA: Staphylococcus aureus protein A; SpsP: Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius protein A; SpsQ: Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius protein A; SpsQ-M: attenuated Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius protein A; MRSP: methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius; IgA: immunoglobulin A; IgG: immunoglobulin G; IgM: immunoglobulin M; VH: variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chain; IgBD: immunoglobulin binding domains; MFI: mean fluorescent intensity; SEM: standard error of the mean; PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; CD21: complement receptor type 2; ST: Sequence type; OD: Optical density; ORF: open reading frame; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline; Tween 20: Polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate 20; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; TMB- 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine
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clonal complexes and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius isolates from dogs in the united states
Microbial Drug Resistance, 2018Co-Authors: Ricardo Videla, David A. Bemis, Samar M Solyman, Akshar Brahmbhatt, Leslie Sadeghi, Stephen A KaniaAbstract:Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius is the primary cause of canine pyoderma and has been associated with diseases in other animals, including human beings. A high prevalence of methicillin and multidrug resistance has been reported in this bacterium in some geographic regions of the United States. Multilocus sequence type (MLST) 68 was implicated, initially, as the major clonal genotype based on a limited number of samples. The objectives of this study were to determine the population genetics of S. Pseudintermedius isolated from a cross-section of the United States using a seven-locus multilocus sequence typing method, to identify clonal complexes (CCs), and to correlate sequence types with antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. A total of 190 S. Pseudintermedius with 86 different MLSTs were detected and the constituents of three major CCs of methicillin-resistant S. Pseudintermedius (MRSP), CC68, CC71, and CC84, were identified. Different patterns of resistance were associated with each CC. CC71 from the United States had notable differences with CC71 studied on other continents with chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance. Some isolates with resistance to the broadest range of drugs tested, including that to chloramphenicol, had STs unrelated to the major CCs, suggesting the potential for the emergence of new clonal populations of MRSP that are resistant to most therapeutically useful antimicrobials.
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complete genome sequences of three important methicillin resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius
Genome Announcements, 2016Co-Authors: Matthew C Riley, David A. Bemis, Vincent Perreten, Stephen A KaniaAbstract:We report the first complete genome sequences of three predominant clones (ST68, ST71, and ST84) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius in North America. All strains were isolated from canine infections and have different SCCmec elements and antibiotic resistance gene patterns.
Engeline Van Duijkeren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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review on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2011Co-Authors: Engeline Van Duijkeren, Boudewijn Catry, Christina Greko, Miguel A Moreno, Constanca Matias Ferreira M Pomba, Satu Pyorala, Modestas Ružauskas, Pascal Sanders, John E Threlfall, Jordi TorrenedoAbstract:Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius is an important opportunistic pathogen of companion animals, especially dogs. Since 2006 there has been a significant emergence of methicillin-resistant S. Pseudintermedius (MRSP) mainly due to clonal spread. This article reviews research on MRSP with a focus on occurrence, methods used for identification, risk factors for colonization and infection, zoonotic potential and control options. Potential areas for future research are also discussed.
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longitudinal study on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius in households
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Laura M Laarhoven, Birgitta Duim, Jaap A. Wagenaar, Phebe De Heus, Jeanine Van Luijn, Engeline Van DuijkerenAbstract:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius (MRSP) is an emerging pathogen in dogs and has been found in Europe, Asia and North America. To date most studies are one-point prevalence studies and therefore little is known about the dynamics of MRSP in dogs and their surrounding. In this longitudinal study MRSP colonization in dogs and the transmission of MRSP to humans, contact animals and the environment was investigated. Sixteen dogs with a recent clinical MRSP infection were included. The index dogs, contact animals, owners and environments were sampled once a month for six months. Samples taken from the nose, perineum and infection site (if present) of the index cases and contact animals, and the nares of the owners were cultured using pre-enrichment. Index cases were found positive for prolonged periods of time, in two cases during all six samplings. In five of the 12 households that were sampled during six months, the index case was intermittently found MRSP-positive. Contact animals and the environment were also found MRSP-positive, most often in combination with a MRSP-positive index dog. In four households positive environmental samples were found while no animals or humans were MRSP-positive, indicating survival of MRSP in the environment for prolonged periods of time. Genotyping revealed that generally similar or indistinguishable MRSP isolates were found in patients, contact animals and environmental samples within the same household. Within two households, however, genetically distinct MRSP isolates were found. These results show that veterinarians should stay alert with (former) MRSP patients, even after repeated MRSP-negative cultures or after the disappearance of the clinical infection. There is a considerable risk of transmission of MRSP to animals in close contact with MRSP patients. Humans were rarely MRSP-positive and never tested MRSP-positive more than once suggesting occasional contamination or rapid elimination of colonization of the owners.
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molecular basis of rifampicin resistance in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius isolates from dogs
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2011Co-Authors: Kristina Kadlec, Jaap A. Wagenaar, Engeline Van Duijkeren, Stefan SchwarzAbstract:Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius (MRSP) often display resistance to almost all classes of antimicrobial agents used in veterinary medicine. In the present study, we investigated the emergence of rifampicin resistance in MRSP, the persistence of these isolates and identified the corresponding mutations in the rpoB gene. Methods In addition to two rifampicin-resistant MRSP isolates from a multicentre study, consecutive MRSP isolates collected prior to and after rifampicin therapy from nine dogs at five Dutch veterinary hospitals were included in this study. The isolates were tested for resistance to rifampicin and other antimicrobial agents. The rifampicin resistance-determining region (RRDR) within the rpoB gene of the rifampicin-resistant and -susceptible isolates was amplified by PCR and sequenced. PFGE served to determine the genetic relationships of the MRSP isolates. Results Two MRSP isolates of the multicentre study showed mutations at position 513 or 522 in the RRDR of the rpoB gene. In contrast to the rifampicin-susceptible isolates, all rifampicin-resistant MRSP isolates showed mutations at one or two of the amino acid positions 508, 509, 513, 516, 522, 526 and 531. In most strains, a single amino acid exchange was observed. PFGE analysis confirmed that the rifampicin-resistant MRSP isolates were indistinguishable from or closely related to the rifampicin-susceptible isolate obtained from the same dog prior to rifampicin application. Conclusions Therapy of MRSP infections with rifampicin results in the rapid emergence of rifampicin resistance and these isolates can persist for months. As a consequence, single therapy with rifampicin is not recommended
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methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius in veterinary medicine
Veterinary Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Scott J Weese, Engeline Van DuijkerenAbstract:Staphylococci are important opportunistic pathogens in most animal species. Among the most relevant species are the coagulase positive species Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius. Methicillin resistance has emerged as an important problem in both of these organisms, with significant concerns about animal and public health. The relative importance of these staphylococci on different animal species varies, as do the concerns about zoonotic transmission, yet it is clear that both present a challenge to veterinary medicine.
Jeffrey D Suh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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zoonotic Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius sinonasal infections risk factors and resistance patterns
International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 2019Co-Authors: Elisabeth H Ference, Edward C Kuan, Arman Danielian, Han Wool Kim, Fredrick Yoo, Jeffrey D SuhAbstract:BACKGROUND Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius is a Gram-positive bacteria that colonizes the skin and orifices of healthy canines and felines. It has recently been identified as a cause of sinonasal infections in humans. METHODS This study was a retrospective review of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients with S Pseudintermedius-positive sinonasal cultures and comparison to a prospectively collected control sample of patients who underwent culture for acute exacerbation of CRS. RESULTS Thirty-three patients with CRS had nasal cultures positive for S Pseudintermedius. Of the positive cultures, 82% demonstrated resistance to penicillin, 58% to clindamycin, 45% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 33% to doxycycline, and 27% to oxacillin. Ninety-seven percent of patients with S Pseudintermedius were dog owners. There was no significant difference in age, gender, recent endoscopic sinus surgery, or immunosuppression or deficiency between S Pseudintermedius patients and patients undergoing culture for acute exacerbation of CRS, but S Pseudintermedius infection was associated with dog ownership (p < 0.01). S Pseudintermedius infection was not associated with behaviors such as a dog sleeping in the bedroom, routinely licking humans, or being diagnosed with a soft tissue infection. CONCLUSION Although a rare cause of infection in humans, S Pseudintermedius should be considered in sinonasal infections refractory to standard medical management, especially if the patient has regular contact with dogs. S Pseudintermedius is not readily identified with routine laboratory diagnostic testing and often demonstrates multidrug resistance, making it a pathogen that is commonly misdiagnosed and difficult to treat.
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canine Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius sinonasal infection in human hosts
International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 2016Co-Authors: Edward C Kuan, Alexander J Yoon, Tara Vijayan, Romney M Humphries, Jeffrey D SuhAbstract:Background Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius is a gram-positive bacterium commonly found as part of the normal skin and nasal flora of healthy dogs. It may act as an opportunistic pathogen in dogs, but has also been shown to colonize the nasal mucosa of humans. We report 4 cases of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) refractory to aggressive medical management with cultures that grew S. Pseudintermedius, with clinical improvement only after initiating culture-directed therapy. Methods Retrospective review of 4 patients with CRS treated at a tertiary academic medical center with sinonasal cultures growing S. Pseudintermedius. Results All 4 patients are dog owners and had clinical diagnoses of CRS. Three of the 4 patients had a diagnosis related to immune dysfunction (sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, history of lymphoma). After undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery, each patient was treated with aggressive medical therapy but continued to have purulent nasal discharge. Sinonasal cultures repeatedly grew S. Pseudintermedius in all cases, with 3 patients’ dogs also having had concurrent S. Pseudintermedius wound infections of the ear and leg with similar antibiotic susceptibilities. Treatment with culture-directed therapy improved the infections in all cases. Conclusion Opportunistic pathogens have a propensity to exacerbate infection in CRS patients with immune dysfunction. We report the first case series of sinonasal S. Pseudintermedius infection in humans. Though a rare cause of disease, pathogens such as S. Pseudintermedius from nonhuman hosts should be considered in the management of CRS patients refractory to medical therapy.