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Xiulin Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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insight into the Polymerization mechanism of photoinduced step transfer addition radical termination Start Polymerizations
Polymer Chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Lifen Zhang, Zhenping Cheng, Xiulin ZhuAbstract:Photoinduced step transfer-addition & radical-termination (Start) Polymerization is a newly developed Polymerization strategy for the preparation of perfluorocarbon-containing alternating copolymers and was carried out under irradiation with blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) at room temperature (25 °C). In this work, the Polymerization efficiency was further enhanced through optimization of the solvent system and construction of an efficient catalytic system: Ru(bpy)3Cl2/reducing agent (RA). In dimethyl carbonate (DMC)/acetonitrile (MeCN), the polyaddition between α,ω-diiodoperfluoroalkanes A and α,ω-unconjugated dienes B predominated over the chain transfer reaction, generating the target polymer product (AB)n with a relatively high molecular weight. Detailed analyses of a template reaction revealed the intrinsic Polymerization mechanism of the Start process. Based on a comprehensive investigation of the Polymerization process, guidelines for the selection of appropriate RAs (e.g., L(+)-ascorbic acid sodium salt (AsAc-Na) and Fe(0)) are provided herein.
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step transfer addition and radical termination Start Polymerization of α ω unconjugated dienes under irradiation of blue led light
Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 2017Co-Authors: Hongnan Yin, Lifen Zhang, Zhenping Cheng, Xiulin ZhuAbstract:A new Polymerization method, termed as step transfer-addition and radical-termination, is developed for the step-growth radical Polymerization of α,ω-unconjugated dienes under irradiation of visible light at room temperature (25 °C) for the first time. α,ω-Diiodoperfluoroalkane monomers (signified as A) are added onto α,ω-unconjugated dienes (signified as B) alternatively and efficiently with the generation of perfluorocarbon-containing alternating copolymers (AB)n . Based on the combined analyses of Polymerization kinetics and NMR spectra (1 H and 19 F), the mechanism of the novel Polymerization method, including the side reaction, is proposed. This novel Polymerization method provides a new strategy not only for the step-growth radical Polymerization of α,ω-unconjugated dienes but also for the construction of high molecular weight perfluorocarbon-containing alternating copolymers.
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the positive effect of water on photo induced step transfer addition radical termination Start Polymerization
RSC Advances, 2017Co-Authors: Lifen Zhang, Zhenping Cheng, Xiulin ZhuAbstract:Step-growth radical coPolymerization between α,ω-diiodoperfluoroalkanes (A) and α,ω-unconjugated dienes (B) proceeds efficiently through a photo-induced Step Transfer-Addition & Radical-Termination (Start) strategy in aqueous/organic biphasic system. The addition of water in our Polymerization strategy enhanced the overall Polymerization efficiency and inhibited the function loss (C–I) significantly, which has been illustrated through UV-vis tests. Therefore, most of the functional groups (C–I) in the polymer chain end have been preserved in the final polymer product (AB)n based on 19F NMR analysis. After Polymerization, we could erase the iodine atoms in the main chain of (AB)n, which generates semifluorinated polyolefins with enhanced thermal stability.
Lifen Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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insight into the Polymerization mechanism of photoinduced step transfer addition radical termination Start Polymerizations
Polymer Chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Lifen Zhang, Zhenping Cheng, Xiulin ZhuAbstract:Photoinduced step transfer-addition & radical-termination (Start) Polymerization is a newly developed Polymerization strategy for the preparation of perfluorocarbon-containing alternating copolymers and was carried out under irradiation with blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) at room temperature (25 °C). In this work, the Polymerization efficiency was further enhanced through optimization of the solvent system and construction of an efficient catalytic system: Ru(bpy)3Cl2/reducing agent (RA). In dimethyl carbonate (DMC)/acetonitrile (MeCN), the polyaddition between α,ω-diiodoperfluoroalkanes A and α,ω-unconjugated dienes B predominated over the chain transfer reaction, generating the target polymer product (AB)n with a relatively high molecular weight. Detailed analyses of a template reaction revealed the intrinsic Polymerization mechanism of the Start process. Based on a comprehensive investigation of the Polymerization process, guidelines for the selection of appropriate RAs (e.g., L(+)-ascorbic acid sodium salt (AsAc-Na) and Fe(0)) are provided herein.
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step transfer addition and radical termination Start Polymerization of α ω unconjugated dienes under irradiation of blue led light
Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 2017Co-Authors: Hongnan Yin, Lifen Zhang, Zhenping Cheng, Xiulin ZhuAbstract:A new Polymerization method, termed as step transfer-addition and radical-termination, is developed for the step-growth radical Polymerization of α,ω-unconjugated dienes under irradiation of visible light at room temperature (25 °C) for the first time. α,ω-Diiodoperfluoroalkane monomers (signified as A) are added onto α,ω-unconjugated dienes (signified as B) alternatively and efficiently with the generation of perfluorocarbon-containing alternating copolymers (AB)n . Based on the combined analyses of Polymerization kinetics and NMR spectra (1 H and 19 F), the mechanism of the novel Polymerization method, including the side reaction, is proposed. This novel Polymerization method provides a new strategy not only for the step-growth radical Polymerization of α,ω-unconjugated dienes but also for the construction of high molecular weight perfluorocarbon-containing alternating copolymers.
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the positive effect of water on photo induced step transfer addition radical termination Start Polymerization
RSC Advances, 2017Co-Authors: Lifen Zhang, Zhenping Cheng, Xiulin ZhuAbstract:Step-growth radical coPolymerization between α,ω-diiodoperfluoroalkanes (A) and α,ω-unconjugated dienes (B) proceeds efficiently through a photo-induced Step Transfer-Addition & Radical-Termination (Start) strategy in aqueous/organic biphasic system. The addition of water in our Polymerization strategy enhanced the overall Polymerization efficiency and inhibited the function loss (C–I) significantly, which has been illustrated through UV-vis tests. Therefore, most of the functional groups (C–I) in the polymer chain end have been preserved in the final polymer product (AB)n based on 19F NMR analysis. After Polymerization, we could erase the iodine atoms in the main chain of (AB)n, which generates semifluorinated polyolefins with enhanced thermal stability.
F J T Burke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cuspal movement and microleakage in premolar teeth restored with resin based filling materials cured using a soft Start polymerisation protocol
Dental Materials, 2007Co-Authors: Garry J P Fleming, R R Cara, William M Palin, F J T BurkeAbstract:Abstract Objectives To investigate the effect of polymerisation shrinkage strain of four posterior filling materials on cuspal movement, degree of conversion (DC) and cervical gingival microleakage of mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) restorations placed incrementally in maxillary premolar teeth using a ‘soft-Start’ polymerisation protocol. Methods Forty sound extracted upper premolar teeth were subjected to standardised preparation of a large MOD cavity before restoration. A ‘soft-Start’ polymerisation curing regimen was used and each posterior filling material was placed in eight increments with the appropriate bonding system. A twin channel deflection measuring gauge allowed a measurement of individual cusp deflections at each stage of polymerisation. Restored teeth were thermocycled before immersion in a 0.2% basic fuchsin dye for 24 h. After sagittal sectioning of the restored teeth in a mesio-distal plane, the sectioned restorations were examined to assess cervical microleakage. The DC was also assessed using a diffuse-reflectance accessory on a Fourier transform infra-red spectrophotometer. Results A significant increase in cuspal movement recorded for Z100 (20.06 ± 4.71) compared with Filtek Z250™ (16.52 ± 3.26), P60 (14.23 ± 3.71) and Admira (11.11 ± 2.47). No significant reduction in cuspal movement was identified when compared with a previous study [6] where a full-intensity standard polymerisation protocol was employed. No significant differences were also identified between the materials when the cervical gingival microleakage scores or DC were examined for the ‘soft-Start’ compared with the standard polymerisation protocol. Conclusions Although material type remained a significant factor, the use of a ‘soft-Start’ Polymerization compared with a standard curing regime did not offer any significant reduction in associated cuspal movement, DC or gingival microleakage at the cervical dentine cavosurface margin of the cavities restored with the resin-based filling materials.
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investigation of polymerisation shrinkage strain associated cuspal movement and microleakage of mod cavities restored incrementally with resin based composite using an led light curing unit
Journal of Dentistry, 2007Co-Authors: Garry J P Fleming, William M Palin, S Khan, O Afzal, F J T BurkeAbstract:Abstract Objectives To investigate the polymerisation shrinkage strain, associated cuspal movement, degree of conversion (DC) and cervical gingival microleakage of mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavities restored with four resin-based composite (RBC) filling materials placed incrementally using a light emitting diode (LED) light curing unit (LCU). Methods Standardised extensive MOD cavity preparations on extracted teeth were performed on 40 sound upper premolar teeth. Restoration of the teeth involved the placement of RBCs in eight increments with the appropriate bonding system before irradiation using an LED LCU. Buccal and palatal cusp deflections at each stage of polymerisation were recorded using a twin channel deflection measuring guage. Following restoration, the teeth were thermocycled, immersed in a 0.2% basic fuchsin dye for 24 h, sagittally sectioned and examined for cervical microleakage. The DC was determined using a Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectrometer. Results No significantly difference ( P = 0.677) in cuspal movement was recorded for Z100 (13.1 ± 3.2 μm) compared with Filtek Z250™ (8.4 ± 3.5 μm), P60 (7.3 ± 3.8 μm) and Admira (6.7 ± 2.7 μm). The LED LCU deflections were compared with a halogen LCU used in a conventional (Fleming GJP, Hall D, Shorthall ACC, Burke FJT. Cuspal movement and microleakage in premolar teeth restored with posterior filling materials of varying reported volumetric shrinkage values. Journal of Dentistry , 2005; 33 :139–146) and soft-Start mode (Fleming GJP, Cara RR, Palin WM, Burke FJT. Cuspal movement and microleakage in premolar teeth restored with posterior filling materials cured using ‘soft-Start’ Polymerization. Dental Materials , 2006, doi:10.1016/j.dental.2006.06.002 , in press) and a significant reduction in cuspal movement was identified for curing type and material type ( P P = 0.002, respectively). No significant differences were noted between the four RBC materials investigated when the DC or microleakage scores were examined for the LED LCU. Significance It would appear that irradiation of RBCs using the LED LCU offered a significant reduction in associated cuspal movement in large MOD cavities. However, the microleakage scores following polymerisation were significantly increased with dye penetration into the pulp chamber from the axial wall evident in teeth restored with the LED LCU.
Alonso, Roberta Caroline Bruschi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Efeito dos metodos de fotoativação e de forradores resinosos na adaptação marginal de restaurações em composito odontologico
[s.n.], 2018Co-Authors: Alonso, Roberta Caroline BruschiAbstract:Orientador : Mario Alexandre Coelho SinhoretiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos métodos de fotoativação e de forradores resinosos na adaptação marginal de restaurações em compósito. Para isto, foram selecionados 200 incisivos bovinos, os quais tiveram a superficie vestibular desgastada de modo a expor uma área plana de pelo menos 6 mm de diâmetro de dentina, onde uma cavidade circular com 4 mm de diâmetro e 1,5 mm de profundidade foi confeccionada. A5 paredes cavitárias foram condicionadas com ácido fosfórico durante 15s e o sistema de união Scotchbond Multi-uso aplicado de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. Os dentes foram então separados em 5 grupos, segundo o método de fotoativação empregado: 1) Luz halógena contínua (800 mW/cm2 por 20s); 2) Dupla intensidade de luz (150 mW/cm2 por IOs, seguido por 800 mW/cm2 por 15s); 3) Luz pulsátil (600 mW/cm2 por 40s); 4) LED (370 mW/cm2 por 40s); 5) Arco de plasma de xenônio (1800 mW/cm2 por 3s). Cada grupo foi subdividido segundo a técnica restauradora utilizada: A) Controle - (1 camada de adesivo); B) Aplicação de 3 camadas de adesivo C) Aplicação do compósito Filtek Flow como forramento; D) Aplicação do compósito Protect Liner F como forramento. Após, todas as cavidades foram restauradas com o compósito Z250 e annazenadas em água destilada a 3T'C, durante 24h. A5 amostras foram então submetidas a acabamento e polimento em politriz reftigerada a água, utilizando lixas de granulação decrescente 400, 600 e 1200. Para análise dos resultados, as amostras foram coradas com solução de propileno glicol e ácido vermelho (Caries Detector - Kuraray Co. Japão), o que permitiu a evidenciação das fendas formadas. A5 fendas foram observadas em lupa estereoscópica e a imagem da restauração foi captada e transferida a um computador equipado com um programa de mensuração para determinar o comprimento da fenda. Tal valor foi convertido em porcentagem, pela razão entre o comprimento de fenda e o comprimento total da margem cavitária, multiplicada por 100. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Os resultados demonstraram que as três técnicas restauradoras experimentais (3 camadas de adesivo, Filtek Flow e Protect Liner F) melhoraram significativamente a adaptação do compósito às margens cavitárias, em relação ao grupo controle (1 camada de adesivo), para o método de fotoativação por luz halógena contínua. Para os outros métodos de fotoativação não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as técnicas restauradoras. Com relação aos métodos de fotoativação, somente foram detectadas diferenças significativas no grupo controle (1 camada de adesivo), no qual o método pulsátil apresentou redução significativa no percentual de fendas formadas em relação aos métodos de luz halógena contínua e dupla intensidade de luz. Os grupos ativados por LEDs e lâmpada de arco de plasma de X~r;t9nio apresentaram resultados intermediários, não diferindo estatisticamente dos demais. Pôde-se concluir que, o método pulsátil melhorou efetivamente a qualidade marginal na técnica restauradora convencional (1 camada de adesivo) e que o uso de forradores resinosos reduziu a formação de fendas marginais quando a ativação do compósito foi feita com luz halógena convencionalAbstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Polymerization methods and the use of resin liners on marginal adaptation of eomposite restorations. Two hundred bovine ineisors were selected for the study. The bueeal surfaees ofthe teeth were grounded until a minimum of 6mm in diameter of dentin was exposed. A circular cavity (4mm in diameter x l.5mm in depth) was prepared in this area. The cavity walls were etehed and Seotehbond Multi Purpose system was applied aeeording to the manufacturer's instructions. These teeth were randomly assigned into tive groups, aeeording to the Polymerization method: 1 Halogen eontinuous light (800mW/em2 for 20s); 2- Soft Start Polymerization (150mW/cm2 for lOs followed by 80OmW/cm2 for 15s); 3- Pulsating light (60OmW/em2 for 40s); 4- LED - light emitting diodes (37OmW/em2 for 40s); 5- Plasma are xenon (1800mW/em2 for 3s). Eaeh group was subdivided into four subgroups, according to the liner used: A- Control (1 adhesive layer); B- Application of three adhesive layers; C- pplieation of low viseosity eomposite Filtek Flow as a liner; D- Application of low viscosity composite Protect Liner F as a liner. All cavities were then restored with a single increment ofFiltek Z250 restorative composite and stored in distilled water at 3'PC for 24h. After storage, each restoration was polished with a sequence ofwet sand paper (400, 600, and 1200 grid). For the analysis of the results, a solution of red acid and propylene glycol (Caries Detector - Kuraray Co. Japan) was applied on eaeh specimen for 5s. This procedure allowed the verification of dyed margin length divided by the total cavity length, then multiplied by 100. Data were submitted to ANOV A and Tukey's test (p
Roberta Caroline Bruschi Alonso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Efeito dos metodos de fotoativação e de forradores resinosos na adaptação marginal de restaurações em composito odontologico
2017Co-Authors: Roberta Caroline Bruschi AlonsoAbstract:Resumo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos métodos de fotoativação e de forradores resinosos na adaptação marginal de restaurações em compósito. Para isto, foram selecionados 200 incisivos bovinos, os quais tiveram a superficie vestibular desgastada de modo a expor uma área plana de pelo menos 6 mm de diâmetro de dentina, onde uma cavidade circular com 4 mm de diâmetro e 1,5 mm de profundidade foi confeccionada. A5 paredes cavitárias foram condicionadas com ácido fosfórico durante 15s e o sistema de união Scotchbond Multi-uso aplicado de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. Os dentes foram então separados em 5 grupos, segundo o método de fotoativação empregado: 1) Luz halógena contínua (800 mW/cm2 por 20s); 2) Dupla intensidade de luz (150 mW/cm2 por IOs, seguido por 800 mW/cm2 por 15s); 3) Luz pulsátil (600 mW/cm2 por 40s); 4) LED (370 mW/cm2 por 40s); 5) Arco de plasma de xenônio (1800 mW/cm2 por 3s). Cada grupo foi subdividido segundo a técnica restauradora utilizada: A) Controle - (1 camada de adesivo); B) Aplicação de 3 camadas de adesivo C) Aplicação do compósito Filtek Flow como forramento; D) Aplicação do compósito Protect Liner F como forramento. Após, todas as cavidades foram restauradas com o compósito Z250 e annazenadas em água destilada a 3T'C, durante 24h. A5 amostras foram então submetidas a acabamento e polimento em politriz reftigerada a água, utilizando lixas de granulação decrescente 400, 600 e 1200. Para análise dos resultados, as amostras foram coradas com solução de propileno glicol e ácido vermelho (Caries Detector - Kuraray Co. Japão), o que permitiu a evidenciação das fendas formadas. A5 fendas foram observadas em lupa estereoscópica e a imagem da restauração foi captada e transferida a um computador equipado com um programa de mensuração para determinar o comprimento da fenda. Tal valor foi convertido em porcentagem, pela razão entre o comprimento de fenda e o comprimento total da margem cavitária, multiplicada por 100. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Os resultados demonstraram que as três técnicas restauradoras experimentais (3 camadas de adesivo, Filtek Flow e Protect Liner F) melhoraram significativamente a adaptação do compósito às margens cavitárias, em relação ao grupo controle (1 camada de adesivo), para o método de fotoativação por luz halógena contínua. Para os outros métodos de fotoativação não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as técnicas restauradoras. Com relação aos métodos de fotoativação, somente foram detectadas diferenças significativas no grupo controle (1 camada de adesivo), no qual o método pulsátil apresentou redução significativa no percentual de fendas formadas em relação aos métodos de luz halógena contínua e dupla intensidade de luz. Os grupos ativados por LEDs e lâmpada de arco de plasma de X~r;t9nio apresentaram resultados intermediários, não diferindo estatisticamente dos demais. Pôde-se concluir que, o método pulsátil melhorou efetivamente a qualidade marginal na técnica restauradora convencional (1 camada de adesivo) e que o uso de forradores resinosos reduziu a formação de fendas marginais quando a ativação do compósito foi feita com luz halógena convencionalAbstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Polymerization methods and the use of resin liners on marginal adaptation of eomposite restorations. Two hundred bovine ineisors were selected for the study. The bueeal surfaees ofthe teeth were grounded until a minimum of 6mm in diameter of dentin was exposed. A circular cavity (4mm in diameter x l.5mm in depth) was prepared in this area. The cavity walls were etehed and Seotehbond Multi Purpose system was applied aeeording to the manufacturer's instructions. These teeth were randomly assigned into tive groups, aeeording to the Polymerization method: 1 Halogen eontinuous light (800mW/em2 for 20s); 2- Soft Start Polymerization (150mW/cm2 for lOs followed by 80OmW/cm2 for 15s); 3- Pulsating light (60OmW/em2 for 40s); 4- LED - light emitting diodes (37OmW/em2 for 40s); 5- Plasma are xenon (1800mW/em2 for 3s). Eaeh group was subdivided into four subgroups, according to the liner used: A- Control (1 adhesive layer); B- Application of three adhesive layers; C- pplieation of low viseosity eomposite Filtek Flow as a liner; D- Application of low viscosity composite Protect Liner F as a liner. All cavities were then restored with a single increment ofFiltek Z250 restorative composite and stored in distilled water at 3'PC for 24h. After storage, each restoration was polished with a sequence ofwet sand paper (400, 600, and 1200 grid). For the analysis of the results, a solution of red acid and propylene glycol (Caries Detector - Kuraray Co. Japan) was applied on eaeh specimen for 5s. This procedure allowed the verification of dyed margin length divided by the total cavity length, then multiplied by 100. Data were submitted to ANOV A and Tukey's test (p