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Andrzej Bednarek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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beauveria brongniartii sacc petch against melolontha spp white grubs in forest nurseries with different soil ph forestry serie a
Folia forestalia Polonica, 2016Co-Authors: Alicja Sierpinska, Elzbieta Popowskanowak, Andrzej BednarekAbstract:In 2011, the General Directorate of State Forests in Poland managed 669 forest nurseries on the total area of 2411 ha that produced forest tree seedlings bare root systems, hence vulnerable to Melolontha spp. white grubs. Up to date, no chemical or biological plant protection product for control of cockchafer grubs in Forests has been registered in Poland. The study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of a biocontrol product Bovecol with BP strain of Beauveria brongniartii on sterilized wheat grain in control of Melolontha spp. white grubs in forest nurseries, established on acidic soils (with pH analogous to that of forest soils) as well as on those alkaline. The active substance of Bovecol was 10⁸ fungal conidia per 1g of the product. Study plots were established in 3 bareroot nurseries, situated in the areas with different soil reaction values and abundant populations of Melolontha spp. white grubs (assessed before Bovecol treatments). The product was applied against L₁ larvae (rates in the Czerniawka and Baltow nurseries: 120 kg/ha and 240 kg/ha) and against L₂ larvae (the Ilki nursery: 240 kg/ha). Grub population numbers were assessed 2, 3 and 4 months after the treatments. Application of Bovecol against L₁ into the soil with neutral reaction (pH 6.8) caused the reduction of white grub numbers in 2 months, down to the threshold recommended by the Instruction of the protection of Forests (mandatory guidelines for the protection of Poland’s State Forests), i.e. less than 1 grub/sampling pit. Bovecol treatment against L₁ cockchafer larvae into acidic soil (pH 4.8) had no statistically significant effect on the reduction of grub population numbers, even 4 months after product application. Bovecol treatment against L₂ larvae applied into the soil with medium pH value (5.3) gave poorer results when compared to the soil with pH 6.8, but considerably better – when compared to the soil with pH 4.8. The selection of a fungal strain with insecticidal properties against soil insect pests should include the evaluation of strain requirements with regard to soil pH range – optimal for germination, development and growth of a given strain.
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beauveria brongniartii sacc petch against melolontha spp white grubs in forest nurseries with different soil ph
Folia Forestalia Polonica: Series A - Forestry, 2015Co-Authors: Alicja Sierpinska, Elzbieta Popowskanowak, Andrzej BednarekAbstract:In 2011, the General Directorate of State Forests in Poland managed 669 forest nurseries on the total area of 2411 ha that produced forest tree seedlings bare root systems, hence vulnerable to Melolontha spp. white grubs. Up to date, no chemical or biological plant protection product for control of cockchafer grubs in Forests has been registered in Poland. The study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of a biocontrol product Bovecol with BP strain of Beauveria brongniartii on sterilized wheat grain in control of Melolontha spp. white grubs in forest nurseries, established on acidic soils (with pH analogous to that of forest soils) as well as on those alkaline. The active substance of Bovecol was 10 8 fungal conidia per 1g of the product. Study plots were established in 3 bareroot nurseries, situated in the areas with different soil reaction values and abundant populations of Melolontha spp. white grubs (assessed before Bovecol treatments). The product was applied against L1 larvae (rates in the Czerniawka and Baltow nurseries: 120 kg/ha and 240 kg/ha) and against L2 larvae (the Ilki nursery: 240 kg/ha). Grub population numbers were assessed 2, 3 and 4 months after the treatments. Application of Bovecol against L1 into the soil with neutral reaction (pH 6.8) caused the reduction of white grub numbers in 2 months, down to the threshold recommended by the Instruction of the protection of Forests (mandatory guidelines for the protection of Poland’s State Forests), i.e. less than 1 grub/sampling pit. Bovecol treatment against L1 cockchafer larvae into acidic soil (pH 4.8) had no statistically significant effect on the reduction of grub population numbers, even 4 months after product application. Bovecol treatment against L2 larvae applied into the soil with medium pH value (5.3) gave poorer results when compared to the soil with pH 6.8, but considerably better – when compared to the soil with pH 4.8. The selection of a fungal strain with insecticidal properties against soil insect pests should include the evaluation of strain requirements with regard to soil pH range – optimal for germination, development and growth of a given strain.
Julie A Hendrickson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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improving the resistance of eastern white pine to white pine blister rust disease
Forest Ecology and Management, 2018Co-Authors: Carrie C Pike, Andrew J David, Paul Berrang, Scott Rogers, Carrie Sweeney, Julie A HendricksonAbstract:Abstract Eastern white pine (EWP), Pinus strobus L., is an iconic forest tree in the north woods of eastern North America. White pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium ribicola, an invasive pathogen, entered North America in the early 20th century and infected all five-needled pines across the continent. Few genotypes of eastern white pine have demonstrated consistent, elevated resistance to the pathogen, so our objective was to identify additional genotypes with resistance. Since 1970, the USDA Forest Service has identified and grafted over 800 phenotypic plus tree selections from Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. A protocol to artificially inoculate one-year old seedlings was used to screen 228 genotypes along with rust-resistant and susceptible standards across a four-year period, from 2010 to 2013. We identified 25 genotypes, based on survival assessed two years after inoculation, which exceeded the resistant standard. These genotypes will be grafted into new seed orchards to aid reforestation efforts aimed at restoring this keystone species to suitable habitats where regeneration is currently hindered by blister rust on privately-held land, State Forests and national Forests in the Lake States region.
Max Krott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimizing State forest institutions for forest people a case study on social sustainability from tunisia
Sustainability, 2019Co-Authors: Ameni Hasnaoui, Max KrottAbstract:In Tunisia the livelihoods of nearly 750,000 “forest people” strongly depend on State Forests. State forest institutions that manage more than 90% of Forests have a special responsibility for the social sustainability of these people’s situation. Thus, it is important to evaluate the performance of these institutions, as such evaluations represent an option to help formulate sustainable development strategies for forest people. This study evaluates the performance of State forest institutions in regard to forest people based on a comprehensive three-layer model. The data were collected in 2016 and 2017 from documents, observations and interviews. The results partly supported the first hypothesis that “State forest institutions employ different market, non-market and political instruments to influence the use and the protection of Forests”, with an exception for market instruments. The second hypothesis stating that “the outcomes of these instruments for forest people differ from those for the general forest sector” was supported by empirical evidence. The evaluation revealed practices in Tunisia that provide a basis for organizational reforms supporting forest people. Adapted technologies that fit the traditional know-how of forest people and a better representation are required. Furthermore, the strengthening of State forest institutions against the influence of foreign donors would contribute to elaborating a development strategy for forest people.
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forestry tradition in the long term a review of franz heske 1927 1928 a general review of post war forestry in central europe
Forestry, 1997Co-Authors: W Keuffel, Max KrottAbstract:Summary The review of Heske's analysis after 70 years shows a general trend in increasing timber production for West Germany and Austria as well as for the central planned economies of Eastern Europe. The growing stock has almost doubled. Economic results of forestry, however, decreased significantly after World War II in West Germany and Austria. Prices of raw wood in real value in 1990 reached only half the figure of 1950. Production costs could not be brought down enough to guarantee forest profits. At the same time, demands for non-wood benefits increased. A mixed ownership of State, community and private will again characterize forestry in all Central European countries, as the young democracies started re-privatizations of forest land after 1989. Due to changes in agriculture the type of small private ownership has changed and increasing needs for budget funding caused reform activities in all State Forests. So broader concepts of forest policy will be needed in the future. Sustainability, the key issue of Central European silviculture, today is as 'modern' as it was in 1927. Heske's postulate of general continuity in all silvicultural procedure has survived. Ecological development is now seen as the basis of silviculture in sustainable multiple use forestry in Central Europe.
Peter Vogt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of forest certification for biodiversity conservation lithuania as a case study
European Journal of Forest Research, 2016Co-Authors: Marine Elbakidze, Rita Ražauskaitė, Michael Manton, Per Angelstam, Gintautas Mozgeris, Guntis Brūmelis, Gediminas Brazaitis, Peter VogtAbstract:The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) forest certification system is a globally widespread market-driven mechanism that aims at responsible use and governance of Forests, and its application is growing. However, the extent to which forest certification contributes effectively to maintaining forest biodiversity is an unresolved issue. We assessed the role of FSC certification for forest biodiversity conservation in Lithuania’s State Forests. First, we analysed the indicators related to biodiversity conservation at different spatial scales in the FSC standard used in Lithuania. By applying morphological spatial pattern analysis and habitat suitability modelling, we explored the structural and functional connectivity of forest habitat patches of formally and voluntarily set-asides for biodiversity conservation. According to the Lithuanian FSC standard, active measures in forest management for biodiversity should be imposed at three spatial scales: ‘trees in a stand’, ‘stands in a landscape’, and ‘landscape in an ecoregion’. The total area set aside for biodiversity was 18.6 %, including 4.9 % voluntary set-asides. The quality of habitats in terms of forest stand age was low, only 9.4 % of all set-asides constituted older Forests. The proportions of voluntary set-aside area varied among the different State forest enterprises, and the results indicated a clear trend to set aside non-forest or low productivity forest habitats. Small (<1 ha) habitat patches formed a major part of all set-asides, including formally protected areas. FSC certification alone was not able to maintain structural and functional connectivity of Forests for species at multiple spatial scales in Lithuania. By keeping a minimum standard of 5 % forestland set aside for biodiversity, the State forest enterprises certified according to the FSC can only satisfy forest species with small habitat requirements. To maintain biodiversity, place-based learning among stakeholders for representative functional green infrastructures in concrete landscapes and regions, combined with transparent knowledge about the net effect of pressures and responses on the State of biodiversity, are necessary.
Ness, Eric W. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A comparison of white-tailed deer recruitment rates to relative predator abundance in Maryland
University of Delaware, 2018Co-Authors: Ness, Eric W.Abstract:Bowman, Jacob L.In the late 1990s, Maryland’s deer management plan aimed to reduce and stabilize the State’s white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population. While attempting to achieve this goal through liberalized seasons and bag limits, managers estimated a decreasing fawn recruitment rate and sought to better understand causes for these declines, particularly in the western portion of the State. Fawn recruitment may be impacted by several factors: predation, disease, starvation, malnutrition, parasite-load, and collisions with vehicles and farm machinery. My study’s goal was to better understand the predator-prey relationship within western Maryland. One hypothesis is the predator community reducing the fawn recruitment. In western Maryland, black bear (Ursus americanus), bobcat (Lynx rufus), and coyote (Canis latrans) are established, but the variation in abundance of these populations has not been well documented. I established 3 study areas focused on 3 publicly hunted State Forests (Potomac-Garrett, Savage River, and Green Ridge State Forests). The first objective was to estimate the deer density and fawn recruitment at each study area. I used road-based distance sampling using a forward-looking infrared (FLIR) device to scan the landscape from August-October, 2015 and 2016. I replicated the FLIR survey 6 times on each study area in 2015 and 2016. Once collected, the data were analyzed using a uniform-key function within program DISTANCE. Neither deer density (Potomac-Garrett = 16 deer/km2, Savage River = 6 deer/km2, Green Ridge = 12 deer/km2) nor fawn recruitment (Potomac-Garrett = 0.56 fawn/doe, Savage River = 0.54 fawn/doe, Green Ridge = 0.52 fawn/doe) changed between years. ☐ My second objective was to estimate a relative predator (black bear, bobcat, and coyote) density among study areas. Each study area contained a systematic grid of 20 cameras spaced 3.2-km apart. This grid created an 8-km2 buffer around each camera to maintain site independence based on the average home range size of my target species. Cameras were deployed from June-August for a 60-day survey period in 2015 and 2016. Throughout the study, I logged 6,300 camera trap nights during the summer months. To compare predator densities using optimal sampling protocol, I performed an additional 60-day camera survey from December 2016-February 2017, logging 3,300 camera trap nights. I analyzed all data using Royal and Nichols (2004) N-Mixture Model within package unmarked for R 3.0.3 software. Predator densities shared 95% confidence intervals among sites and years. The average yearly mean and standard error of black bear density for each State forest were: Potomac-Garrett: M = 0.35, SE =0.10 bear/km2, Savage River: M = 0.51, SE = 0.12 bear/km2, and Green Ridge: M = 0.28, SE = 0.07 bear/km2. The average yearly mean and standard error of bobcat density for each State forest were: Potomac-Garrett: M = 0.10, SE =0.11 bobcat/km2, Savage River: M = 0.13, SE = 0.14 bobcat/km2, and Green Ridge: M = 0.09, SE = 0.11 bobcat/km2. The average yearly mean and standard error of coyote density for each State forest were: Potomac-Garett: M = 1.84, SE = 1.10 coyote/km2, Savage River: M = 0.88, SE = 0.55 coyote/km2, and Green Ridge: M = 0.19, SE = 0.16 coyote/km2. Finally, I compared fawn recruitment to the predator densities at each of the 3 study areas. The results of our study indicated a stable, albeit on the low side of fawn recruitment but variable predator density across the landscape, suggesting that the predator community is not lowering the fawn recruitment.University of Delaware, Department of Entomology and Wildlife EcologyM.S
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A Comparison of White-Tailed Deer Recruitment Rates to Relative Predator Abundance in Maryland
University of Delaware, 2017Co-Authors: Ness, Eric W.Abstract:In the late 1990s, Maryland’s deer management plan aimed to reduce and stabilize the State’s white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus ) population. While attempting to achieve this goal through liberalized seasons and bag limits, managers estimated a decreasing fawn recruitment rate and sought to better understand causes for these declines, particularly in the western portion of the State. Fawn recruitment may be impacted by several factors: predation, disease, starvation, malnutrition, parasite-load, and collisions with vehicles and farm machinery. My study’s goal was to better understand the predator-prey relationship within western Maryland. One hypothesis is the predator community reducing the fawn recruitment. In western Maryland, black bear (Ursus americanus), bobcat ( Lynx rufus), and coyote (Canis latrans) are established, but the variation in abundance of these populations has not been well documented. I established 3 study areas focused on 3 publicly hunted State Forests (Potomac-Garrett, Savage River, and Green Ridge State Forests). The first objective was to estimate the deer density and fawn recruitment at each study area. I used road-based distance sampling using a forward-looking infrared (FLIR) device to scan the landscape from August-October, 2015 and 2016. I replicated the FLIR survey 6 times on each study area in 2015 and 2016. Once collected, the data were analyzed using a uniform-key function within program DISTANCE. Neither deer density (Potomac-Garrett = 16 deer/km2, Savage River = 6 deer/km 2, Green Ridge = 12 deer/km2) nor fawn recruitment (Potomac-Garrett = 0.56 fawn/doe, Savage River = 0.54 fawn/doe, Green Ridge = 0.52 fawn/doe) changed between years. My second objective was to estimate a relative predator (black bear, bobcat, and coyote) density among study areas. Each study area contained a systematic grid of 20 cameras spaced 3.2-km apart. This grid created an 8-km 2 buffer around each camera to maintain site independence based on the average home range size of my target species. Cameras were deployed from June-August for a 60-day survey period in 2015 and 2016. Throughout the study, I logged 6,300 camera trap nights during the summer months. To compare predator densities using optimal sampling protocol, I performed an additional 60-day camera survey from December 2016-February 2017, logging 3,300 camera trap nights. I analyzed all data using Royal and Nichols (2004) N-Mixture Model within package unmarked for R 3.0.3 software. Predator densities shared 95% confidence intervals among sites and years. The average yearly mean and standard error of black bear density for each State forest were: Potomac-Garrett: M = 0.35, SE = 0.10 bear/km2, Savage River: M = 0.51, SE = 0.12 bear/km2, and Green Ridge: M = 0.28, SE = 0.07 bear/km2. The average yearly mean and standard error of bobcat density for each State forest were: Potomac-Garrett: M = 0.10, SE = 0.11 bobcat/km2, Savage River: M = 0.13, SE = 0.14 bobcat/km 2, and Green Ridge: M = 0.09, SE = 0.11 bobcat/km2. The average yearly mean and standard error of coyote density for each State forest were: Potomac-Garett: M = 1.84, SE = 1.10 coyote/km2, Savage River: M = 0.88, SE = 0.55 coyote/km2, and Green Ridge: M = 0.19, SE = 0.16 coyote/km2. Finally, I compared fawn recruitment to the predator densities at each of the 3 study areas. The results of our study indicated a stable, albeit on the low side of fawn recruitment but variable predator density across the landscape, suggesting that the predator community is not lowering the fawn recruitment
