The Experts below are selected from a list of 219 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yves Mauffette - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of White Pine watering regimes on feeding preferences of spring and fall adults of the White Pine weevilPissodes strobi (Peck)
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1994Co-Authors: Robert Lavallée, Paul J. Albert, Yves MauffetteAbstract:Spring and fall adults of the White Pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), were exposed in no-choice and two-choice tests to bark from water-stressed and non-water-stressed White Pine ( Pinus strobus L.), which had also been exposed or not exposed to weevil attack. This experiment demonstrated that the weevils could discriminate between bark from water-stressed White Pine and preferred bark from the nonstressed plants. The weevils also preferred bark from nonstressed plants that were previously exposed to weevil damage. Spring and fall adults displayed the same feeding preferences. No sex differences were found in feeding preferences. Less nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were found in bark from the nonstressed plants, and the potassium level was higher in damaged plants. We expect that the biological performance of the weevil should be favored by vigorously growing plants rather than by stressed plants.
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Development of the White Pine Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Cut Leaders of White Pine
Environmental Entomology, 1993Co-Authors: Robert Lavallée, Yves Mauffette, P. J. AlbertAbstract:In 1989 and 1990, after the egg-laying period of the White Pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), infested leaders of White Pine, Pinus strobus L., were harvested in a young plantation. To test the influence of bark quality modification on weevil development, leaders were set directly into water or kept dry. The number of insects emerging per leader and the adult mean weight of the weevils were measured for leaders exposed to both treatments. During the second year, the data were also collected on weevil development in the field. Results show that the White Pine weevil can complete its development on cut leaders. However, the dry treatment significantly reduced the mean weight and the number of weevils when compared with the wet treatment. The number of insects emerging per leader was less affected by treatment than was the adult mean weight.
Andrew J David - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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improving the resistance of eastern White Pine to White Pine blister rust disease
Forest Ecology and Management, 2018Co-Authors: Carrie C Pike, Andrew J David, Paul Berrang, Scott Rogers, Carrie Sweeney, Julie A HendricksonAbstract:Abstract Eastern White Pine (EWP), Pinus strobus L., is an iconic forest tree in the north woods of eastern North America. White Pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium ribicola, an invasive pathogen, entered North America in the early 20th century and infected all five-needled Pines across the continent. Few genotypes of eastern White Pine have demonstrated consistent, elevated resistance to the pathogen, so our objective was to identify additional genotypes with resistance. Since 1970, the USDA Forest Service has identified and grafted over 800 phenotypic plus tree selections from Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. A protocol to artificially inoculate one-year old seedlings was used to screen 228 genotypes along with rust-resistant and susceptible standards across a four-year period, from 2010 to 2013. We identified 25 genotypes, based on survival assessed two years after inoculation, which exceeded the resistant standard. These genotypes will be grafted into new seed orchards to aid reforestation efforts aimed at restoring this keystone species to suitable habitats where regeneration is currently hindered by blister rust on privately-held land, state forests and national forests in the Lake States region.
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White Pine blister rust resistance research in minnesota and wisconsin
In: Sniezko Richard A.; Yanchuk Alvin D.; Kliejunas John T.; Palmieri Katharine M.; Alexander Janice M.; Frankel Susan J. tech. coords. 2012. Proceedi, 2012Co-Authors: Andrew J David, Paul Berrang, Carrie C PikeAbstract:The exotic fungus Cronartium ribicola causes the disease White Pine blister rust on five-needled Pines throughout North America. Although the effects of this disease are perhaps better known on Pines in the western portion of the continent, the disease has also impacted regeneration and growth of eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L. ), especially in the upper Great Lakes region of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ontario. This paper summarizes some of the early White Pine blister rust research in Minnesota and Wisconsin, particularly the Moose Fence site near Tofte, Minnesota, the consistently high resistance level of genotype P327, and how the Minnesota Tree Improvement Cooperative (MTIC) housed at the University of Minnesota and the USDA Forest Service Oconto River Seed Orchard (ORSO) are working together to advance the state of blister rust resistance in eastern White Pine.
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epicuticular wax and White Pine blister rust resistance in resistant and susceptible selections of eastern White Pine pinus strobus
Phytopathology, 2006Co-Authors: Jason A Smith, Robert A Blanchette, Todd A Burnes, Jeffrey H Gillman, Andrew J DavidAbstract:Smith, J. A., Blanchette, R. A., Burnes, T. A., Gillman, J. H., and David, A. J. 2006. Epicuticular wax and White Pine blister rust resistance in resistant and susceptible selections of eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus). Phytopathology 96:171-177. Epicuticular wax on needles was evaluated for its influence on Cronartium ribicola infection of resistant and susceptible selections of Pinus strobus. Environmental scanning electron microscopy comparisons revealed that needles from a resistant selection of eastern White Pine, P327, had a significantly higher percentage of stomata that were occluded with wax, fewer basidiospores germinating at 48 h after inoculation, and fewer germ tubes penetrating stomata than needles from a susceptible selection H111. In addition, needles from seedlings that failed to develop symptoms 6 weeks after inoculation, from a cross between P327 and susceptible parent H109, had a significantly higher percentage of stomata occluded with wax compared with needles from seedlings that developed symptoms. In experiments where epicuticular waxes were removed from needles before seedlings were infected, resistant seedlings without wax developed approximately the same number of infection spots (as measured by spot index) as susceptible seedlings with wax intact. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry comparisons of extracted epicuticular waxes revealed several peaks that were specific to P327 and not found in susceptible H111 suggesting biochemical differences in wax composition. These results implicate the role of epicuticular waxes as a resistance mechanism in P. strobus selection P327 and suggest a role for waxes in reducing spore germination and subsequent infection through stomatal openings.
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histology of White Pine blister rust in needles of resistant and susceptible eastern White Pine
Plant Disease, 2003Co-Authors: Joel A Jurgens, Robert A Blanchette, Paul J Zambino, Andrew J DavidAbstract:Jurgens, J. A., Blanchette, R. A., Zambino, P. J., and David, A. 2003. Histology of White Pine blister rust in needles of resistant and susceptible eastern White Pine. Plant Dis. 87:1026-1030. White Pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola, has plagued the forests of North America for almost a century. Over past decades, eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus) that appear to tolerate the disease have been selected and incorporated into breeding programs. Seeds from P. strobus with putative resistance were collected from Oconto River Seed Orchard, Nicolet National Forest, WI. Seedlings were grown for 5 months and artificially inoculated with basidiospores of C. ribicola in two replicated greenhouse experiments. Needles from infected seedlings were fixed, sectioned, and stained with a variety of histological reagents, and rate of mortality for the remaining seedlings was monitored. The most susceptible families suffered 50% mortality in approximately half the time of the more resistant families. Extensive inter- and intracellular hyphae were observed in needles from seedlings of susceptible families, whereas hyphal proliferation was restricted in needles of resistant seedlings. Needles from resistant families had pronounced responses to infection. Phenolics, observed with phloroglucinol-HCl staining, were deposited around infection sites where dense mycelial masses were present. Abnormal host cell growth and rapid cell death in the immediate area of infection were also observed in some eastern White Pine families.
Robert Lavallée - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of White Pine watering regimes on feeding preferences of spring and fall adults of the White Pine weevilPissodes strobi (Peck)
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1994Co-Authors: Robert Lavallée, Paul J. Albert, Yves MauffetteAbstract:Spring and fall adults of the White Pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), were exposed in no-choice and two-choice tests to bark from water-stressed and non-water-stressed White Pine ( Pinus strobus L.), which had also been exposed or not exposed to weevil attack. This experiment demonstrated that the weevils could discriminate between bark from water-stressed White Pine and preferred bark from the nonstressed plants. The weevils also preferred bark from nonstressed plants that were previously exposed to weevil damage. Spring and fall adults displayed the same feeding preferences. No sex differences were found in feeding preferences. Less nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were found in bark from the nonstressed plants, and the potassium level was higher in damaged plants. We expect that the biological performance of the weevil should be favored by vigorously growing plants rather than by stressed plants.
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Development of the White Pine Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Cut Leaders of White Pine
Environmental Entomology, 1993Co-Authors: Robert Lavallée, Yves Mauffette, P. J. AlbertAbstract:In 1989 and 1990, after the egg-laying period of the White Pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), infested leaders of White Pine, Pinus strobus L., were harvested in a young plantation. To test the influence of bark quality modification on weevil development, leaders were set directly into water or kept dry. The number of insects emerging per leader and the adult mean weight of the weevils were measured for leaders exposed to both treatments. During the second year, the data were also collected on weevil development in the field. Results show that the White Pine weevil can complete its development on cut leaders. However, the dry treatment significantly reduced the mean weight and the number of weevils when compared with the wet treatment. The number of insects emerging per leader was less affected by treatment than was the adult mean weight.
Matthew J Kelty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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crown architecture of understory and open grown White Pine pinus strobus l saplings
Tree Physiology, 1994Co-Authors: Barbara M Oconnell, Matthew J KeltyAbstract:Crown architecture and growth allocation were studied in saplings of eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.), a species classified as intermediate in shade tolerance. A comparison was made of 15 understory saplings and 15 open-grown saplings that were selected to have comparable heights (mean of 211 cm, range of 180-250 cm). Mean ages of understory and open-grown trees were 25 and 8 years, respectively. Understory trees had a lower degree of apical control, shorter crown length, and more horizontal branch angle, resulting in a broader crown shape than that of open-grown trees. Total leaf area was greater in open-grown saplings than in understory saplings, but the ratio of whole-crown silhouette (projected) leaf area to total leaf area was significantly greater in understory Pine (0.154) than in open-grown Pine (0.128), indicating that the crown and shoot structure of understory trees exposed a greater percentage of leaf area to direct overhead light. Current-year production of understory White Pine was significantly less than that of open-grown White Pine, but a higher percentage of current-year production was allocated to foliage in shoots of understory saplings. These modifications in crown structure and allocation between open-grown and understory White Pine saplings are similar to those reported for more shade-tolerant fir (Abies) and spruce (Picea) species, but the modifications were generally smaller in White Pine. As a result, White Pine did not develop the flat-topped "umbrella" crown structure observed in understory fir and spruce, which approaches the idealized monolayer form that maximizes light interception. The overall change to a broader crown shape in understory White Pine was qualitatively similar, but much more limited than the changes that occurred in fir and spruce. This may prevent White Pine from persisting in understory shade as long as fir and spruce saplings.
Carrie C Pike - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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improving the resistance of eastern White Pine to White Pine blister rust disease
Forest Ecology and Management, 2018Co-Authors: Carrie C Pike, Andrew J David, Paul Berrang, Scott Rogers, Carrie Sweeney, Julie A HendricksonAbstract:Abstract Eastern White Pine (EWP), Pinus strobus L., is an iconic forest tree in the north woods of eastern North America. White Pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium ribicola, an invasive pathogen, entered North America in the early 20th century and infected all five-needled Pines across the continent. Few genotypes of eastern White Pine have demonstrated consistent, elevated resistance to the pathogen, so our objective was to identify additional genotypes with resistance. Since 1970, the USDA Forest Service has identified and grafted over 800 phenotypic plus tree selections from Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. A protocol to artificially inoculate one-year old seedlings was used to screen 228 genotypes along with rust-resistant and susceptible standards across a four-year period, from 2010 to 2013. We identified 25 genotypes, based on survival assessed two years after inoculation, which exceeded the resistant standard. These genotypes will be grafted into new seed orchards to aid reforestation efforts aimed at restoring this keystone species to suitable habitats where regeneration is currently hindered by blister rust on privately-held land, state forests and national forests in the Lake States region.
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White Pine blister rust resistance research in minnesota and wisconsin
In: Sniezko Richard A.; Yanchuk Alvin D.; Kliejunas John T.; Palmieri Katharine M.; Alexander Janice M.; Frankel Susan J. tech. coords. 2012. Proceedi, 2012Co-Authors: Andrew J David, Paul Berrang, Carrie C PikeAbstract:The exotic fungus Cronartium ribicola causes the disease White Pine blister rust on five-needled Pines throughout North America. Although the effects of this disease are perhaps better known on Pines in the western portion of the continent, the disease has also impacted regeneration and growth of eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L. ), especially in the upper Great Lakes region of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ontario. This paper summarizes some of the early White Pine blister rust research in Minnesota and Wisconsin, particularly the Moose Fence site near Tofte, Minnesota, the consistently high resistance level of genotype P327, and how the Minnesota Tree Improvement Cooperative (MTIC) housed at the University of Minnesota and the USDA Forest Service Oconto River Seed Orchard (ORSO) are working together to advance the state of blister rust resistance in eastern White Pine.
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Evaluating growth and resistance of eastern and western White Pine to White Pine weevil and blister rust in the northeast.
Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, 2003Co-Authors: Carrie C Pike, Daniel J. Robison, Charles A. Maynard, Lawrence P. AbrahamsonAbstract:Abstract Eastern White Pine is highly susceptible to damage from White Pine weevil, and to some extent White Pine blister rust, in the northeastern United States. Western White Pine has shown resistance to the weevil, but is highly susceptible to blister rust in the West. Objectives of this study were to compare the growth and resistance of eastern and western White Pine to damage from the weevil and blister rust and to identify families of western White Pine suitable for planting in the East. A field trial containing 76 half-sib families of western White Pine and two half-sib families of eastern White Pine was established in 1983 at two sites, one each in New York and Maine. After 14 yr, tree height and diameters were measured, and resistance to weevil and rust assessed. Tree height and diameters were significantly greater for eastern White Pine than western White Pine. Western White Pine sustained approximately fourfold less weevil damage at both sites, but was more impacted by rust at one site. Cluster and discriminant analyses were used to group families using three variables: height growth, resistance to weevil, and resistance to blister rust. One single group combined superior height growth with moderate resistance to both pests. Selections made from within these families have the most promise for planting western White Pine in the East. North. J. Appl. For. 20(1):19–26.
