The Experts below are selected from a list of 126 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ivar S Ertesvåg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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exergy analysis of a Steam production and Distribution System including alternatives to throttling and the single pressure Steam production
Energy Conversion and Management, 2011Co-Authors: Anne Berit Rian, Ivar S ErtesvågAbstract:Abstract The operative Steam production and Distribution System of Karsto natural gas processing plant at four operating conditions was studied by exergy analysis. The eight boilers, of which two are direct fired produce Steam at a single pressure. The Steam (at 59 bar, 420 °C) is then distributed by extensive use of throttling. Most of the Steam is utilized at low pressure (7 bar, 200 °C). The effect of implementing Steam turbines in Steam Distribution System, increase of Steam production pressure (from 59 to 120 bar) or two-stage pressure Steam production (120/59 bar) were examined. The exergy efficiency of the existing System was 44.3%. Implementing Steam turbines or elevation of production pressure (single/dual) resulted in marginal exergy efficiencies of 92%, 89.8% and 98.7%, respectively. Combinations of Steam turbines and elevated pressure gave a ratio of 90.9%. In terms of lower heating value, the marginal electric efficiencies ranged from 89% to 104%. The single most fuel exergy demanding alternative was the elevated pressure, with 3.6% increase, which resulted in 18.5 MW of extra electric power. The corresponding figures for Steam turbines and two-stage pressure were 3.0%/16.2 MW and 2.6%/15.6 MW. Thus, the study provided an example from an existing, industrial Steam System that illustrates both the losses in throttling and low-pressure Steam production, and the practical potentials for improvement.
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Steam production scenarios for a natural gas processing plant in Norway with respect to exergy utilization
ECOS 2008 - Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Efficiency Cost Optimization Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, 2008Co-Authors: Anne Berit Rian, P.w. Wølneberg, Ivar S ErtesvågAbstract:The Steam production unit of the Kårstø gas processing plant at the south-western coast of Norway was studied by means of the exergy analysis. The eight boilers, two of which are direct fired only, have a total capacity of 795 tonnes/hour. Normal production rate is 80%, and Steam is delivered to different parts of the processing plant at three main pressure levels: High, intermediate and low pressures. LP Steam is used the most. The System as of today was modelled by the simulation tool PRO/II (ver 8.0), which also provided enthalpy and entropy differences of the different flows. Exergy values were calculated from these differences. The Steam production System at two production rates was compared with the same production scenarios where one of the boilers was considered inoperative. The effect of inserting Steam turbines in parallel with throttling devices in the Steam Distribution System was investigated for the four given cases. The exergy efficiency of the CHP is 43.6% of the fuel exergy when all boilers were operative and 41.4% when one boiler was inoperative. 22.43 MW is lost in the Steam Distribution System, which is 5.7% of the irreversibilities of the CHP. 57% of the irreversibilities in the Steam Distribution System were due to throttling. This irreversibility rate dropped 40% by inserting Steam turbines and gave an electricity to fuel exergy ratio of 1.05.
Anne Berit Rian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On exergy analysis of industrial plants and significance of ambient temperature
2020Co-Authors: Anne Berit RianAbstract:The operative Steam production and Distribution System of Karsto natural gas processing plant at four operating conditions was studied by exergy analysis. The eight boilers, of which two are direct fired produce Steam at a single pressure. The Steam (at 59 bar, 420 degrees C) is then distributed by extensive use of throttling. Most of the Steam is utilized at low pressure (7 bar, 200 degrees C). The effect of implementing Steam turbines in Steam Distribution System, increase of Steam production pressure (from 59 to 120 bar) or two-stage pressure Steam production (120/59 bar) were examined. The exergy efficiency of the existing System was 44.3%. Implementing Steam turbines or elevation of production pressure (single/dual) resulted in marginal exergy efficiencies of 92%, 89.8% and 98.7%, respectively. Combinations of Steam turbines and elevated pressure gave a ratio of 90.9%. In terms of lower heating value, the marginal electric efficiencies ranged from 89% to 104%. The single most fuel exergy demanding alternative was the elevated pressure, with 3.6% increase, which resulted in 18.5 MW of extra electric power. The corresponding figures for Steam turbines and two-stage pressure were 3.0%/16.2 MW and 2.6%/15.6 MW. Thus, the study provided an example from an existing, industrial Steam System that illustrates both the losses in throttling and low-pressure Steam production, and the practical potentials for improvement. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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exergy analysis of a Steam production and Distribution System including alternatives to throttling and the single pressure Steam production
Energy Conversion and Management, 2011Co-Authors: Anne Berit Rian, Ivar S ErtesvågAbstract:Abstract The operative Steam production and Distribution System of Karsto natural gas processing plant at four operating conditions was studied by exergy analysis. The eight boilers, of which two are direct fired produce Steam at a single pressure. The Steam (at 59 bar, 420 °C) is then distributed by extensive use of throttling. Most of the Steam is utilized at low pressure (7 bar, 200 °C). The effect of implementing Steam turbines in Steam Distribution System, increase of Steam production pressure (from 59 to 120 bar) or two-stage pressure Steam production (120/59 bar) were examined. The exergy efficiency of the existing System was 44.3%. Implementing Steam turbines or elevation of production pressure (single/dual) resulted in marginal exergy efficiencies of 92%, 89.8% and 98.7%, respectively. Combinations of Steam turbines and elevated pressure gave a ratio of 90.9%. In terms of lower heating value, the marginal electric efficiencies ranged from 89% to 104%. The single most fuel exergy demanding alternative was the elevated pressure, with 3.6% increase, which resulted in 18.5 MW of extra electric power. The corresponding figures for Steam turbines and two-stage pressure were 3.0%/16.2 MW and 2.6%/15.6 MW. Thus, the study provided an example from an existing, industrial Steam System that illustrates both the losses in throttling and low-pressure Steam production, and the practical potentials for improvement.
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Steam production scenarios for a natural gas processing plant in Norway with respect to exergy utilization
ECOS 2008 - Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Efficiency Cost Optimization Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, 2008Co-Authors: Anne Berit Rian, P.w. Wølneberg, Ivar S ErtesvågAbstract:The Steam production unit of the Kårstø gas processing plant at the south-western coast of Norway was studied by means of the exergy analysis. The eight boilers, two of which are direct fired only, have a total capacity of 795 tonnes/hour. Normal production rate is 80%, and Steam is delivered to different parts of the processing plant at three main pressure levels: High, intermediate and low pressures. LP Steam is used the most. The System as of today was modelled by the simulation tool PRO/II (ver 8.0), which also provided enthalpy and entropy differences of the different flows. Exergy values were calculated from these differences. The Steam production System at two production rates was compared with the same production scenarios where one of the boilers was considered inoperative. The effect of inserting Steam turbines in parallel with throttling devices in the Steam Distribution System was investigated for the four given cases. The exergy efficiency of the CHP is 43.6% of the fuel exergy when all boilers were operative and 41.4% when one boiler was inoperative. 22.43 MW is lost in the Steam Distribution System, which is 5.7% of the irreversibilities of the CHP. 57% of the irreversibilities in the Steam Distribution System were due to throttling. This irreversibility rate dropped 40% by inserting Steam turbines and gave an electricity to fuel exergy ratio of 1.05.
Sun Sup Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a rule based Steam Distribution System for petrochemical plant operation
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1998Co-Authors: Heui Seok Yi, Sun Sup KangAbstract:A rule-based expert System for the optimal operation of plantwide Steam Distribution Systems is proposed to minimize the net cost of providing energy to the plant. The System is based on the steady-state modeling and simulation of Steam generation processes and Steam Distribution networks. Modeling of Steam generation processes and Steam Distribution networks was performed based on actual plant operation data. Heuristic operational knowledge obtained from experienced plant engineers is incorporated in the form of IF−THEN rules. The proposed System could provide operational information when there were changes in the grade and amount of Steam demand. The letdown amount from the very high pressure Steam (VS) header and the amount of VS produced at the boiler showed good agreement with those of actual operational data. The prediction of an increase of boiler load caused by self-consumed Steam made it possible to prevent an unexpected sudden increase of electricity demand.
R.g. Andersen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Energy supply alternatives for the year 2002 at the US Military Academy (USMA). Final report
1994Co-Authors: M. Binder, R.g. AndersenAbstract:The U.S. Military Academy (USMA) is concerned about how to meet present and future energy demands as the existing generating equipment and Distribution facilities age. To help the installation develop an energy supply plan, the USMA asked the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories to determine options for future energy supply, taking into consideration both the projected increases in energy demands and the Army`s energy conservation goals. Researchers considered 68 separate plans based on plant location; type of Distribution System; cogeneration; Steam, hot water, and chilled water technologies; coal, gas, and fuel oils; and environmental constraints. Based on this study, the lowest cost plan is to refurbish the existing power plant with new high pressure gas/oil boilers and new Steam turbine generators. If the USMA decides to build a new plant, non-cogeneration using gas/oil-fired boilers or cogeneration using gas turbine generators with heat recovery boilers should be used. The existing Steam Distribution System should be maintained with repairs as needed. A new central chiller plant is not recommended. The USMA should assess fuel costs, electrical energy costs, and capital costs for the top five economically ranked plans before proceeding with an energy construction project.
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Energy Supply Alternatives for the Year 2002 at the U.S. Military Academy (USMA).
1994Co-Authors: M. Binder, R.g. AndersenAbstract:Abstract : The U.S. Military Academy (USMA) is concerned about how to meet present and future energy demands as the existing generating equipment and Distribution facilities age. To help the installation develop an energy supply plan, the USMA asked the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories to determine options for future energy supply, taking into consideration both the projected increases in energy demands and the Army's energy conservation goals. Researchers considered 68 separate plans based on plant location; type of Distribution System; cogeneration; Steam, hot water, and chilled water technologies; coal, gas, and fuel oils; and environmental constraints. Based on this study, the lowest cost plan is to refurbish the existing power plant with new high pressure gas/oil boilers and new Steam turbine generators. If the USMA decides to build a new plant, non-cogeneration using gas/oil-fired boilers or cogeneration using gas turbine generators with heat recovery boilers should be used. The existing Steam Distribution System should be maintained with repairs as needed. A new central chiller plant is not recommended. The USMA should assess fuel costs, electrical energy costs, and capital costs for the top five economically ranked plans before proceeding with an energy construction project. (AN)
Vincent F. Hock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Thermal energy supply optimization for aberdeen proving ground - edgewood area. Distribution System condition assessment and recommendations. Final report
1995Co-Authors: V.l. Vanblaricum, Charles P. Marsh, Vincent F. HockAbstract:Abstract : This report documents the results of a study by the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories to assess the condition of the Steam heat Distribution System at Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG)-Edgewood Area (EA), MD. This report documents the portion of the study that addressed widespread corrosion and deterioration existing throughout the aging System. A physical inventory of the Steam Distribution System piping and manholes was conducted. A visual condition assessment of a significant portion of the System was performed. Factors that impact the deterioration of the System were assessed, including soil chemistry, cathodic protection, and chemistry of the products conveyed by the System. The authors developed a detailed set of recommendations that includes (1) replacement or rehabilitation of severely deteriorated, unsafe or improperly functioning components. (2) implementation of an effective ongoing maintenance program tailored to the specific corrosion and deterioration problems at APG-EA, and (3) recommendations to ensure that new construction is performed in accordance with current Army standards and guidance. jg p.6
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Field Test Results of Corrosion-Resistant Coatings for Carbon-Steel Steam Condensate Return Lines
1994Co-Authors: Vincent F. Hock, Henry Cardenas, James R MyersAbstract:Abstract : Steam heat is still used at many U.S. Army installations. Condensate return lines, which convey the liquid condensate that occurs throughout the System back to the boiler, form an integral part of Steam Distribution Systems. Steam condensate return lines degrade through several site-specific mechanisms that result in corrosion and cause these Systems to fail before reaching their expected design life. This report presents the results of field tests done at an Army installation using corrosion-resistant phenolic coatings to mitigate these degradation processes. The coatings were found to be effective in mitigating condensate corrosion; preliminary results indicate that this coating may extend the expected service life of condensate return lines by at least 10 percent. Phenolic coating, Condensate return Lines, Corrosion resistant coatings, Corrosion mitigation, Steam Distribution System
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Field test results of corrosion-resistant coatings for carbon-steel Steam condensate return lines. Interim report
1994Co-Authors: Vincent F. Hock, Henry Cardenas, James R MyersAbstract:Steam heat is still used at many U.S. Army installations. Condensate return lines, which convey the liquid condensate that occurs throughout the System back to the boiler, form an integral part of Steam Distribution Systems. Steam condensate return lines degrade through several site-specific mechanisms that result in corrosion and cause these Systems to fail before reaching their expected design life. This report presents the results of field tests done at an Army installation using corrosion-resistant phenolic coatings to mitigate these degradation processes. The coatings were found to be effective in mitigating condensate corrosion; preliminary results indicate that this coating may extend the expected service life of condensate return lines by at least 10 percent. Phenolic coating, Condensate return Lines, Corrosion resistant coatings, Corrosion mitigation, Steam Distribution System.
