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Daniel A Dias - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lc ms untargeted metabolomics assesses the delayed response of glufosinate treatment of transgenic glufosinate resistant gr buffalo grasses Stenotaphrum secundatum l
Metabolomics, 2021Co-Authors: S Boonchaisri, Simone Rochfort, Trevor W Stevenson, Daniel A DiasAbstract:Glufosinate resistant (GR) buffalo grasses were genetically modified to resist the broad-spectrum herbicide, glufosinate by inserting a novel pat gene into its genome. This modification results in a production of additional phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) to detoxify the deleterious effects of glufosinate. The GR grasses and its associated herbicide form a modern, weeding program, to eradicate obnoxious weeds in turf lawn without damaging the grasses at relatively low costs and labor. As with several principal crops which are genetically modified to improve agricultural traits, biosafety of the GR buffalo grasses is inevitably expected to become a public concern. For the first time, we had previously examined the metabolome of glufosinate-resistant buffalo grasses, using a GC–MS untargeted approach to assess the risk of GR as well as identify any pleotropic effects arising from the genetically modification process. In this paper, an untargeted high-resolution LC–MS (LC–HRMS) untargeted metabolomics approach was carried out to complement our previous findings with respect to GR and wild type (WT) buffalo grasses. One of the major aims of this present work was to compare GR to WT buffalo grasses by including the detection of the secondary metabolome and determine any unprecedented metabolic changes. Eight-week old plants of 4 GR buffalo grasses, (93-1A, 93-2B, 93-3 C and 93-5A) and 3 wild type varieties (WT 8-4A, WT 9-1B and WT 9-1B) were submerged in either 5 % v/v of glufosinate or distilled water 3 days prior to a LC–HRMS based untargeted metabolomics analysis (glufosinate-treated or control, samples, respectively). An Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) system coupled to a Velos Pro Orbitrap mass spectrometer system was employed to holistically measure the primary and secondary metabolome of both GR and WT buffalo grasses either treated with or without glufosinate and subsequently apply several bioinformatic tools including the automated pathway analysis algorithm, mummichog. LC–HRMS untargeted based metabolomics clearly identified that the global metabolite pools of both GR and WT cultivars were highly similar, providing strong, supporting evidence of substantial equivalence between the GR and WT varieties. These findings indicate that if any associated risks to these GR grasses were somehow present, the risk would be within those acceptable ranges present in the WT. Additionally, mummichog-based pathway analysis indicated that phenylalanine metabolism and the TCA cycle were significantly impacted by glufosinate treatment in the WT cultivar. It was possible that alterations in the relative concentrations of several intermediates in these pathways were likely due to glufosinate-induced production of secondary metabolites to enhance plant defense mechanisms against herbicidal stress at the expense of primary metabolism. GR buffalo grasses were found to be near identical to its WT comparator based on this complementary LC–HRMS based untargeted metabolomics. Therefore, these results further support the safe use of these GR buffalo grasses with substantial evidence. Interestingly, despite protected by PAT, GR buffalo grasses still demonstrated the response to glufosinate treatment by up-regulating some secondary metabolite-related pathways.
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utilization of gc ms untargeted metabolomics to assess the delayed response of glufosinate treatment of transgenic herbicide resistant hr buffalo grasses Stenotaphrum secundatum l
Metabolomics, 2020Co-Authors: S Boonchaisri, Trevor W Stevenson, Daniel A DiasAbstract:Herbicide resistant (HR) buffalo grasses were genetically engineered to resist the non-selective herbicide, glufosinate in order to facilitate a modern, ‘weeding program’ which is highly effective in terms of minimizing costs and labor. The resistant trait was conferred by an insertion of the pat gene to allow for the production of the enzyme phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) to detoxify the glufosinate inhibitive effect. To date, there are only a few reports using metabolomics as well as molecular characterizations published for glufosinate-resistant crops with no reports on HR turfgrass. Therefore, for the first time, this study examines the metabolome of glufosinate-resistant buffalo grasses which not only will be useful to future growers but also the scientific community. A major aim of this present work is to characterize and evaluate the metabolic alterations which may arise from a genetic transformation of HR buffalo grasses by comprehensively using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) based untargeted metabolomics. Eight-week old plants of 4 HR buffalo grasses, (93-1A, 93-2B, 93-3C and 93-5A) and 3 wild type varieties (WT 8-4A, WT 9-1B and WT 9-1B) were selected for physiological, molecular and metabolomics experiments. Plants were either sprayed with 1, 5, 10 and 15% v/v of glufosinate to evaluate the visual injuries or submerged in 5% v/v of glufosinate 3 days prior to a GC–MS based untargeted metabolomics analysis. In contrast, the control group was treated with distilled water. Leaves were extracted in 1:1 methanol:water and then analysed, using an in-house GC–MS untargeted workflow. Results identified 199 metabolites with only 6 of them (cis-aconitic acid, allantoin, cellobiose, glyceric acid, maltose and octadecanoic acid) found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) between the HR and wild type buffalo grass varieties compared to the control experiment. Among these metabolites, unusual accumulation of allantoin was prominent and was an unanticipated effect of the pat gene insertion. As expected, glufosinate treatment caused significant metabolic alterations in the sensitive wild type, with the up-regulation of several amino acids (e.g. phenylalanine and isoleucine) which was likely due to glufosinate-induced senescence. The aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthetic pathway was identified as the most significant enriched pathway as a result of glufosinate effects because a number of its intermediates were amino acids. HR buffalo grasses were very similar to its wild type comparator based on a comprehensive GC–MS based untargeted metabolomics and therefore, should guarantee the safe use of these HR buffalo grasses. The current metabolomics analyses not only confirmed the effects of glufosinate to up-regulate free amino acid pools in the sensitive wild type but also several alterations in sugar, sugar phosphate and organic acid metabolism have been reported.
S Boonchaisri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lc ms untargeted metabolomics assesses the delayed response of glufosinate treatment of transgenic glufosinate resistant gr buffalo grasses Stenotaphrum secundatum l
Metabolomics, 2021Co-Authors: S Boonchaisri, Simone Rochfort, Trevor W Stevenson, Daniel A DiasAbstract:Glufosinate resistant (GR) buffalo grasses were genetically modified to resist the broad-spectrum herbicide, glufosinate by inserting a novel pat gene into its genome. This modification results in a production of additional phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) to detoxify the deleterious effects of glufosinate. The GR grasses and its associated herbicide form a modern, weeding program, to eradicate obnoxious weeds in turf lawn without damaging the grasses at relatively low costs and labor. As with several principal crops which are genetically modified to improve agricultural traits, biosafety of the GR buffalo grasses is inevitably expected to become a public concern. For the first time, we had previously examined the metabolome of glufosinate-resistant buffalo grasses, using a GC–MS untargeted approach to assess the risk of GR as well as identify any pleotropic effects arising from the genetically modification process. In this paper, an untargeted high-resolution LC–MS (LC–HRMS) untargeted metabolomics approach was carried out to complement our previous findings with respect to GR and wild type (WT) buffalo grasses. One of the major aims of this present work was to compare GR to WT buffalo grasses by including the detection of the secondary metabolome and determine any unprecedented metabolic changes. Eight-week old plants of 4 GR buffalo grasses, (93-1A, 93-2B, 93-3 C and 93-5A) and 3 wild type varieties (WT 8-4A, WT 9-1B and WT 9-1B) were submerged in either 5 % v/v of glufosinate or distilled water 3 days prior to a LC–HRMS based untargeted metabolomics analysis (glufosinate-treated or control, samples, respectively). An Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) system coupled to a Velos Pro Orbitrap mass spectrometer system was employed to holistically measure the primary and secondary metabolome of both GR and WT buffalo grasses either treated with or without glufosinate and subsequently apply several bioinformatic tools including the automated pathway analysis algorithm, mummichog. LC–HRMS untargeted based metabolomics clearly identified that the global metabolite pools of both GR and WT cultivars were highly similar, providing strong, supporting evidence of substantial equivalence between the GR and WT varieties. These findings indicate that if any associated risks to these GR grasses were somehow present, the risk would be within those acceptable ranges present in the WT. Additionally, mummichog-based pathway analysis indicated that phenylalanine metabolism and the TCA cycle were significantly impacted by glufosinate treatment in the WT cultivar. It was possible that alterations in the relative concentrations of several intermediates in these pathways were likely due to glufosinate-induced production of secondary metabolites to enhance plant defense mechanisms against herbicidal stress at the expense of primary metabolism. GR buffalo grasses were found to be near identical to its WT comparator based on this complementary LC–HRMS based untargeted metabolomics. Therefore, these results further support the safe use of these GR buffalo grasses with substantial evidence. Interestingly, despite protected by PAT, GR buffalo grasses still demonstrated the response to glufosinate treatment by up-regulating some secondary metabolite-related pathways.
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utilization of gc ms untargeted metabolomics to assess the delayed response of glufosinate treatment of transgenic herbicide resistant hr buffalo grasses Stenotaphrum secundatum l
Metabolomics, 2020Co-Authors: S Boonchaisri, Trevor W Stevenson, Daniel A DiasAbstract:Herbicide resistant (HR) buffalo grasses were genetically engineered to resist the non-selective herbicide, glufosinate in order to facilitate a modern, ‘weeding program’ which is highly effective in terms of minimizing costs and labor. The resistant trait was conferred by an insertion of the pat gene to allow for the production of the enzyme phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) to detoxify the glufosinate inhibitive effect. To date, there are only a few reports using metabolomics as well as molecular characterizations published for glufosinate-resistant crops with no reports on HR turfgrass. Therefore, for the first time, this study examines the metabolome of glufosinate-resistant buffalo grasses which not only will be useful to future growers but also the scientific community. A major aim of this present work is to characterize and evaluate the metabolic alterations which may arise from a genetic transformation of HR buffalo grasses by comprehensively using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) based untargeted metabolomics. Eight-week old plants of 4 HR buffalo grasses, (93-1A, 93-2B, 93-3C and 93-5A) and 3 wild type varieties (WT 8-4A, WT 9-1B and WT 9-1B) were selected for physiological, molecular and metabolomics experiments. Plants were either sprayed with 1, 5, 10 and 15% v/v of glufosinate to evaluate the visual injuries or submerged in 5% v/v of glufosinate 3 days prior to a GC–MS based untargeted metabolomics analysis. In contrast, the control group was treated with distilled water. Leaves were extracted in 1:1 methanol:water and then analysed, using an in-house GC–MS untargeted workflow. Results identified 199 metabolites with only 6 of them (cis-aconitic acid, allantoin, cellobiose, glyceric acid, maltose and octadecanoic acid) found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) between the HR and wild type buffalo grass varieties compared to the control experiment. Among these metabolites, unusual accumulation of allantoin was prominent and was an unanticipated effect of the pat gene insertion. As expected, glufosinate treatment caused significant metabolic alterations in the sensitive wild type, with the up-regulation of several amino acids (e.g. phenylalanine and isoleucine) which was likely due to glufosinate-induced senescence. The aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthetic pathway was identified as the most significant enriched pathway as a result of glufosinate effects because a number of its intermediates were amino acids. HR buffalo grasses were very similar to its wild type comparator based on a comprehensive GC–MS based untargeted metabolomics and therefore, should guarantee the safe use of these HR buffalo grasses. The current metabolomics analyses not only confirmed the effects of glufosinate to up-regulate free amino acid pools in the sensitive wild type but also several alterations in sugar, sugar phosphate and organic acid metabolism have been reported.
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metabolomic profiling of buffalo grasses Stenotaphrum secundatum l expressing a novel glufosinate resistant gene
2019Co-Authors: S BoonchaisriAbstract:The aim of this research was to determine whether any perturbations occur in the metabolism of herbicide-resistant (HR) buffalo grasses (Stenotaphrum secundatum L.) compared to their wild type counterparts. The HR buffalo grasses were genetically modified
N W Sukarji - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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produktivitas rumput Stenotaphrum secundatum cv vanuatu pada berbagai taraf pemupukan nitrogen dalam kondisi ternaung dan tanpa naungan
Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan, 2012Co-Authors: N W Sukarji, I W Suarna, I Gaga B PartamaAbstract:RINGKASAN Percobaan rumah kaca telah dilaksanakan selama 6 bulan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pupuk nitrogen terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi rumput Stenotaphrum secundatum Cv. Vanuatu dalam kondisi ternaung dan tanpa naungan di stasiun penelitian Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Udayana, Sesetan Denpasar. Rancangan percobaan yang dipergunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola Petak Terpisah dengan naungan sebagai petak utama dan pupuk nitrogen sebagai anak petak. Naungan terdiri atas tanpa dan dengan naungan, sedangkan pupuk nitrogen terdiri atas taraf 0 kg ha-1 N, 200kg ha-1 N, 400 kg ha-1 N, 600 kg ha-1 N, 800 kg ha -1 N, dan 1000 kg ha-1N. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan dan produksi rumput Stenotaphrum secundatum Cv. Vanuatu pada berbagai taraf pemupukan nitrogen dalam kondisi ternaung dan tanpa naungan serta naungan dapat menurunkan pertumbuhan dan produksi hijauan. Ditemukan taraf optimal pupuk nitrogen hanya terjadi pada kondisi tanpa naungan sebesar 423.923 kg ha-1 N dengan hasil hijauan yang diperoleh sebanyak 21.097 g tanaman-1, sedangkan pada kondisi ternaung taraf nitrogen belum memberikan hasil hijauan kering yang maksimal.
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kualitas hijauan rumput Stenotaphrum secundatum cv vanuatu pada berbagai taraf pemupukan nitrogen dan dalam kondisi ternaung dan tanpa naungan
Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan, 2012Co-Authors: I W Suarna, N W SukarjiAbstract:RINGKASAN Percobaan rumah kaca telah dilaksanakan selama 9 bulan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pupuk nitrogen terhadap kualitas hijauan rumput Stenotaphrum secundatum Cv. Vanuatu dalam kondisi ternaung dan tanpa naungan di stasiun penelitian Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Udayana, Sesetan, Denpasar. Rancangan percobaan yang dipergunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola Petak Terpisah dengan naungan sebagai petak utama dan pupuk nitrogen sebagai anak petak. Naungan terdiri atas tanpa dan dengan naungan, sedangkan pupuk nitrogen terdiri atas taraf 0 kg N/ha, 200 kg N/ha, 400 kg N/ha, 600 kg N/ha, 800 kg N/ha, dan 1000 kgN/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk nitrogen belum memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kualitas hijauan terutama di bawah kondisi naungan yang berat. Belum diperoleh hubungan yang nyata antara komposisi kimia hijauan dengan nilai cerna hijauan pakan dengan persamaan regresi Y = 72.70981 + 0.445142 CP ns ? 1.31714 CF ns ; R 2 = 0.42. Ada kecendrungan bahwa peningkatan kandungan protein hijauan akan meningkatkan nilai kecernaan hijauan, Sebaliknya, peningkatan kandungan serat kasar akan menurunkan nilai kecernaan hijauan.
Ron Cherry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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southern chinch bug hemiptera lygaeidae survival on st augustinegrass selections
Journal of Entomological Science, 2004Co-Authors: Ron Cherry, Russell T NagataAbstract:The survival of female vs male adults of southern chinch bugs (Blissus insularis Barber) was determined on five selections of St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze) of which th...
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new source of southern chinch bug hemiptera lygaeidae resistance in a diploid selection of st augustinegrass
Journal of Entomological Science, 2003Co-Authors: Russell T Nagata, Ron CherryAbstract:Over 400,000 ha of St. Augustinegrass, Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze, are managed as a turfgrass in the southern United States, and the southern chinch bug, Blissus insularis Barber, is it...
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seasonal wing polymorphism in southern chinch bugs hemiptera lygaeidae
Florida Entomologist, 2001Co-Authors: Ron CherryAbstract:St. Augustinegrass, Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze lawns are used throughout the southern United States for their climatic adaptation and their ability to tolerate full sun to moderate shade. The southern chinch bug, Blissus insularis Barber is the plant's most damaging pest (Crocker 1993). The adaptability of this insect is shown by its developing resistance to insecticides (Reinert & Portier 1983) and overcoming host plant resistance (Busey & Center 1987; Cherry & Nagata 1997). Southern chinch bugs (SCB) can occur as either macropterous or brachypterous adults. However, other than anecdotal reports, there are little field data on the occurrence of these wing forms in SCB. Also, reasons for the occurrence of brachypterous versus macropterous adults in SCB are poorly understood. Wilson (1929) reported that both macropterous and brachypterous SCB adults occur in Florida and these vary in relative numbers during the year, but no data were given. Komblas (1962) reported that population density was a factor in SCB wing form, noting that a larger percentage of nymphs raised under crowded conditions developed into macropterous adults than did uncrowded nymphs. Leonard (1966) discussed migration as an important factor in SCB wing formation. Lastly, Reinert and Kerr (1973) noted that although macropterous and brachypterous adults may be found in SCB, the latter predominates. However, reasons for the occurrence of the two wing forms were not discussed. The objectives of this study were to determine the seasonal occurrence of wing polymorphism in SCB in southern Florida and to determine if wing polymorphism is correlated with field population density. Chinch bugs were collected from infested St. Augustinegrass lawns in Palm Beach County, Florida from December 1999, to December 2000. Five new SCB infestations were located each month by looking for damaged yellow grass and then visually confirming the presence of SCB. Insects were collected by suctioning for 5 minutes a 1 x 1 m area at each infestation. Nymphs and adults were collected by suction into a gasoline powered modified WeedEater? Barracuda blower/vacuum (Poulan/WeedEater, Shreveport, LA). The use of a suction technique for sampling SCB was described by Crocker (1993). After collection, samples were frozen for later counting in a laboratory. Samples were passed through as U.S.A. Standard Testing Sieve #10 (2 mm opening) to remove large debris. Microscopic examination was used to determine the sex and wing form of each adult and count nymphs. In order to determine possible seasonal differences in wing polymorphism, samples from 3 month periods were pooled. For the purposes of this paper, winter is defined as December, January, and February, spring is March, April, and May, summer is June, July, and August, and fall is September, October, and November. These definitions correspond to seasonal definitions for the North Temperate Zone (Guralnik 1982). Mean differences in population density (nymphs + adults per sample) between seasons were determined using Tukey's test. Mean differences in percentage macropterous adults (macropterous adults/total adults per sample) between seasons were also determined using Tukey's test (SAS 1996). Pearson's correlation (SAS 1996) of percentage macropterous adults versus SCB density (adults, nymphs, or total = adults + nymphs) in all samples (N = 60) was conducted to examine possible relationships between wing form and field population density. Pearson's correlation for percentage macropterous males (macropterous males/ total adults) versus percentage macropterous females in all samples (N = 60) was also conducted to determine if both sexes were responding similarly to the factor or factors causing macroptery in the field. There was no significant difference in population density between the four seasons (Table 1). However, means during the winter-spring were lower than the summer-fall. Hence, data from winter and spring were pooled and compared against pooled data from summer and fall. The summer-fall population density (mean = 1746, SD = 3447) was significantly greater (alpha = 0.05) than winter-spring population density (mean = 431, SD = 682) by t-test analysis (t = 2.1, 58 DF). These data are in general agreement with Komblas (1962) and Reinert and Kerr (1973). Komblas (1962) reported that SCB populations decreased during winter in Louisiana. Reinert and Kerr (1973) also reported that field populations of SCB decrease drastically in cooler weather. There was no significant difference in percentage of macropterous adults between the four seasons (Table 1). However, as with population density, means during the winter-spring were again lower than the summer-fall. Hence, data from the winter and spring were again pooled and compared against pooled data from the summerfall. The summer-fall macroptery (mean = 22.3, SD = 18.1) was significantly greater (alpha = 0.05)
Paula M L Castro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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constructed wetland systems vegetated with different plants applied to the treatment of tannery wastewater
Water Research, 2007Co-Authors: Cristina S C Calheiros, Antonio O S S Rangel, Paula M L CastroAbstract:Wastewaters from leather processing are very complex and lead to water pollution if discharged untreated, especially due to its high organic loading. In this study the survival of different plant species in subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetlands receiving tannery wastewater was investigated. Five pilot units were vegetated with Canna indica, Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis, Stenotaphrum secundatum and Iris pseudacorus, and a sixth unit was left as an unvegetated control. The treatment performance of the systems under two different hydraulic loading rates, 3 and 6 cmd(-1), was assessed. COD was reduced by 41-73% for an inlet organic loading varying between 332 and 1602 kgha(-1)d(-1) and BOD(5) was reduced by 41-58% for an inlet organic loading varying between 218 and 780 kgha(-1)d(-1). Nutrient removal occurred to lower extents. Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia were the only plants that were able to establish successfully. Despite the high removal of organic content from the influent wastewater, during 17 months of operation, no significant differences in performance were observed between units.
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constructed wetland systems vegetated with different plants applied to the treatment of tannery wastewater
Water Research, 2007Co-Authors: Cristina S C Calheiros, Antonio O S S Rangel, Paula M L CastroAbstract:Wastewaters from leather processing are very complex and lead to water pollution if discharged untreated, especially due to its high organic loading. In this study the survival of different plant species in subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetlands receiving tannery wastewater was investigated. Five pilot units were vegetated with Canna indica, Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis, Stenotaphrum secundatum and Iris pseudacorus, and a sixth unit was left as an unvegetated control. The treatment performance of the systems under two different hydraulic loading rates, 3 and 6cmd � 1 , was assessed. COD was reduced by 41‐73% for an inlet organic loading varying between 332 and 1602kgha � 1 d � 1 and BOD5 was reduced by 41‐58% for an inlet organic loading varying between 218 and 780kgha � 1 d � 1 . Nutrient removal occurred to lower extents. Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia were the only plants that were able to establish successfully. Despite the high removal of organic content from the influent wastewater, during 17 months of operation, no significant differences in performance were observed between units. & 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.