The Experts below are selected from a list of 732 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark L. Mallory - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Inuit knowledge of Arctic Terns (Sterna paradisaea) and perspectives on declining abundance in southeastern Hudson Bay, Canada.
PloS one, 2020Co-Authors: Dominique A. Henri, Mark L. Mallory, Laura M. Martinez-levasseur, Salamiva Weetaltuk, H. Grant Gilchrist, Frankie Jean-gagnonAbstract:The Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea; takatakiaq in Inuttitut) breeds in the circumpolar Arctic and undertakes the longest known annual migration. In recent decades, Arctic Tern populations have been declining in some parts of their range, and this has been a cause of concern for both wildlife managers and Indigenous harvesters. However, limited scientific information is available on Arctic Tern abundance and distribution, especially within its breeding range in remote areas of the circumpolar Arctic. Knowledge held by Inuit harvesters engaged in Arctic Tern egg picking can shed light on the ecology, regional abundance and distribution of this marine bird. We conducted individual interviews and a workshop involving 12 Inuit harvesters and elders from Kuujjuaraapik, Nunavik (northern Quebec), Canada, to gather their knowledge of Arctic Tern cultural importance, ecology, and stewardship. Interview contributors reported a regional decline in Arctic Tern numbers which appeared in the early 2000s on nesting islands near Kuujjuaraapik. Six possible factors were identified: (1) local harvest through egg picking; (2) nest disturbance and predation; (3) abandonment of tern nesting areas (i.e., islands that have become connected to the mainland due to isostatic rebound); (4) climate change; (5) natural abundance cycles within the Arctic Tern population; and (6) decline of the capelin (Mallotus villosus) in the region. Recommendations from Inuit contributors related to Arctic Tern stewardship and protection included: (1) conduct more research; (2) let nature take its course; (3) conduct an awareness campaign; (4) implement an egg picking ban; (5) coordinate local egg harvest; (6) start 'tern farming'; (7) protect Arctic Terns across their migration route; and (8) harvest foxes predating on terns. Our study highlighted complementarities between Inuit knowledge and ecological science, and showed that Inuit harvesters can make substantial contributions to ongoing and future Arctic tern research and management initiatives.
-
Annual survival of Arctic terns in western Iceland
Polar Biology, 2020Co-Authors: Aevar Petersen, Gregory J. Robertson, Sverrir Thorstensen, Mark L. MalloryAbstract:Many seabird species in the North Atlantic region have shown considerable declines in their populations during recent decades. One such species is the Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea), a small seabird which migrates farther than any other seabird each year and whose global population is thought to be in decline. We used banding data of chicks and adults, spanning five decades (1974–2017) from a tern colony on Flatey, in western Iceland, to generate the first assessment of annual survival in this species in Iceland. Survival from just after hatching to the next summer was estimated to be 0.119 ± 0.024 (SE), while annual survival of adult birds (older than one year) was high at 0.952 ± 0.030. Although our data were insufficient to assess annual variation in adult survival, we noted a reduced survival (0.851 ± 0.034) in recent years (since 2000), coincident with a collapse in local sand lance populations. Reduced adult survival, along with other factors, is likely contributing to declining populations of this iconic species in Iceland, a country supporting 20–30% of the world’s breeding population.
-
Changes in organ size and nutrient reserves of arctic terns (Sterna paradisaea) breeding near a High Arctic polynya
Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research, 2020Co-Authors: Julia E. Baak, Jennifer F. Provencher, Mark L. MalloryAbstract:The arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea) is a ubiquitous migratory seabird of the High Arctic, currently thought to be in decline in most of the circumpolar world, but surprisingly little is known of it...
-
Arctic cleansing diet: Sex-specific variation in the rapid elimination of contaminants by the world's champion migrant, the Arctic tern.
The Science of the total environment, 2019Co-Authors: Mark L. Mallory, Isabeau Pratte, Christine M. Anderson, Birgit M. Braune, Jennifer F. ProvencherAbstract:Contamination of Arctic marine environments continues to be a concern for wildlife managers. Because the Arctic is a sink for the long-range transport of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), many studies have detected high concentrations of POPs in various Arctic birds. In this study from high Arctic Canada, we show that male Arctic terns (Sterna paradisaea), which migrate from the Antarctic to the Arctic annually to breed, decline in concentrations of many hepatic POPs through the breeding season. This suggests that local Arctic food webs are less contaminated than regions where terns fed during or migration, despite that the terns appear to feed at a higher trophic level near their colony.
-
Adult survival of Arctic terns in the Canadian High Arctic
Polar Research, 2018Co-Authors: Mark L. Mallory, S. E. Davis, M. Maftei, Danielle T. Fife, Gregory J. RobertsonAbstract:ABSTRACTArctic tern (Sterna paradisaea) populations are thought to be in decline across much of their range. For long-lived seabirds, determining adult survival rates is key to understanding curren...
Antony W. Diamond - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Changes in Isotopic Niches across Stages of the Annual Cycle in the Arctic Tern ( Sterna paradisaea )
ARCTIC, 2018Co-Authors: Isabeau Pratte, Antony W. Diamond, Kelly A. Boadway, Mark L. MalloryAbstract:La sterne arctique ( Sterna paradisaea ) est un oiseau de mer emblematique des latitudes polaires, dont la reproduction reussie dependrait de l’approvisionnement en aliments a proximite des colonies de nidification. Nous avons utilise les isotopes stables du carbone et de l’azote provenant des oeufs, du sang et des plumes des sternes se reproduisant dans l’Extreme-Arctique canadien pour comparer leur niche isotopique entre divers stades de leur cycle biologique ainsi qu’entre deux annees differentes. La niche isotopique des sternes etait plus petite pendant l’incubation qu’avant la reproduction ou que pendant l’hiver. Au cours des deux saisons de reproduction, les profils isotopiques des sternes arctiques ont laisse entrevoir la grande importance d’approvisionnements en nutriments locaux et exogenes pour la formation des oeufs (soit une strategie de reproduction a approvisionnement). Nos resultats illustrent que l’utilisation des isotopes stables pour evaluer la niche de la population d’oiseaux de mer pendant les periodes critiques de leur cycle annuel pourrait constituer un outil essentiel pour determiner l’influence qu’ont les conditions d’alimentation locales sur les decisions de reproduction, surtout pour les especes qui dependent de sources d’energie et de nutriments exogenes pour la production des oeufs.
-
predation and food weather interactions drive colony collapse in a managed metapopulation of arctic terns Sterna paradisaea
Canadian Journal of Zoology, 2018Co-Authors: Lauren C Scopel, Antony W. DiamondAbstract:Seabirds are considered bioindicators of bottom-up ecosystem processes, owing to seabirds’ dependence on marine prey. However, ground-nesting seabirds are susceptible to predation, which can limit ...
-
Predation and food–weather interactions drive colony collapse in a managed metapopulation of Arctic Terns (Sterna paradisaea)
Canadian Journal of Zoology, 2018Co-Authors: Lauren C Scopel, Antony W. DiamondAbstract:Seabirds are considered bioindicators of bottom-up ecosystem processes, owing to seabirds’ dependence on marine prey. However, ground-nesting seabirds are susceptible to predation, which can limit ...
-
Breeding biology of Arctic terns (Sterna paradisaea) in the Canadian High Arctic
Polar Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Mark L. Mallory, Kelly A. Boadway, S. E. Davis, M. Maftei, Antony W. DiamondAbstract:The Arctic tern ( Sterna paradisaea ) is a well-known polar seabird which breeds around the circumpolar Arctic, and which undertakes the longest known annual migration of any organism. Despite its familiarity, there is little information on its breeding biology in the High Arctic, an important baseline against which future studies of climate change impacts on northern wildlife can be compared. We studied the breeding biology of Arctic terns in the Canadian High Arctic during five field seasons, and compared this to breeding biology of terns from more southern parts of its range. Because our field site was beside a productive polynya, we expected that reproductive metrics for terns nesting there would be relatively high. However, mean clutch size (1.7 eggs), mean egg size (40.2 mm × 29.0 mm), mean nest initiation dates (6 July) were similar to Arctic terns breeding elsewhere. With our data, we could not assess the independent effects of predation pressure, poor weather or low food supplies, but two years with low tern reproduction were also years with low adult body mass and low clutch size (indicating poor food supplies), as well as low hatching success and high nest abandonment (possibly due to high predation pressure).
-
Nutrient allocation for egg production in six Atlantic seabirds
Canadian Journal of Zoology, 2010Co-Authors: Alexander L. Bond, Antony W. DiamondAbstract:How species allocate nutrients to egg production is an important question in contaminant analyses. Seabird eggs are sampled frequently in such studies, so it is important to know the source of nutrients in these eggs if the source of the contaminants is to be traced. We used a stable-isotope approach to evaluate the relative importance of locally derived nutrients (income breeding) and stored nutrient reserves (capital breeding) in six species of Atlantic seabirds (Arctic Tern, Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan, 1763; Common Tern, Sterna hirundo L., 1758; Atlantic Puffin, Fratercula arctica (L., 1758); Common Murre, Uria aalge (Pontoppidan, 1763); Razorbill, Alca torda L., 1758; Leach’s Storm-Petrel, Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Vieillot, 1818)) breeding in the Bay of Fundy. We found that all species either were income breeders or adopted an intermediate strategy whereby varying proportions of locally derived nutrients were incorporated into eggs. Each species’ migratory behaviour is likely a main factor in determi...
Janet R. D. Silk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
tracking of arctic terns Sterna paradisaea reveals longest animal migration
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010Co-Authors: Carsten Egevang, Iain J. Stenhouse, Richard A. Phillips, Aevar Petersen, James W. Fox, Janet R. D. SilkAbstract:The study of long-distance migration provides insights into the habits and performance of organisms at the limit of their physical abilities. The Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea is the epitome of such behavior; despite its small size (<125 g), banding recoveries and at-sea surveys suggest that its annual migration from boreal and high Arctic breeding grounds to the Southern Ocean may be the longest seasonal movement of any animal. Our tracking of 11 Arctic terns fitted with miniature (1.4-g) geolocators revealed that these birds do indeed travel huge distances (more than 80,000 km annually for some individuals). As well as confirming the location of the main wintering region, we also identified a previously unknown oceanic stopover area in the North Atlantic used by birds from at least two breeding populations (from Greenland and Iceland). Although birds from the same colony took one of two alternative southbound migration routes following the African or South American coast, all returned on a broadly similar, sigmoidal trajectory, crossing from east to west in the Atlantic in the region of the equatorial Intertropical Convergence Zone. Arctic terns clearly target regions of high marine productivity both as stopover and wintering areas, and exploit prevailing global wind systems to reduce flight costs on long-distance commutes.
-
Tracking of Arctic terns Sterna paradisaea reveals longest animal migration
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010Co-Authors: Carsten Egevang, Iain J. Stenhouse, Richard A. Phillips, Aevar Petersen, James W. Fox, Janet R. D. SilkAbstract:The study of long-distance migration provides insights into the habits and performance of organisms at the limit of their physical abilities. The Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea is the epitome of such behavior; despite its small size (
Carsten Egevang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Fluctuating Breeding of Arctic Terns (Sterna paradisaea) in Arctic and High-Arctic Colonies in Greenland
Waterbirds, 2011Co-Authors: Carsten Egevang, Morten FrederiksenAbstract:Abstract. Arctic Terns show large variations in colony attendance between breeding seasons, making comparable counts of colony size complex and population status estimates difficult. Here, three areas in two regions of Greenland were surveyed in consecutive breeding seasons between 2002 and 2009. Between-year variation in population size in the small and mid-sized Arctic Tern colonies in West Greenland was considerable (mean CV of individual colonies 117.5%, CV of total 49.6%). In the largest colony in Greenland, Kitsissunnguit, overall colony size showed minor variations (CV 14.6%), but variation in numbers was pronounced at the sub-colony level (mean CV 47.4%). When combining the surveyed colonies in West Greenland, the total population size varied little (CV 6.7%) and less than expected if colonies fluctuated independently (P = 0.023), indicating that local movements between the colonies took place and annual variation was linked to local rather than to large-scale phenomena. In Northeast Greenland, co...
-
tracking of arctic terns Sterna paradisaea reveals longest animal migration
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010Co-Authors: Carsten Egevang, Iain J. Stenhouse, Richard A. Phillips, Aevar Petersen, James W. Fox, Janet R. D. SilkAbstract:The study of long-distance migration provides insights into the habits and performance of organisms at the limit of their physical abilities. The Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea is the epitome of such behavior; despite its small size (<125 g), banding recoveries and at-sea surveys suggest that its annual migration from boreal and high Arctic breeding grounds to the Southern Ocean may be the longest seasonal movement of any animal. Our tracking of 11 Arctic terns fitted with miniature (1.4-g) geolocators revealed that these birds do indeed travel huge distances (more than 80,000 km annually for some individuals). As well as confirming the location of the main wintering region, we also identified a previously unknown oceanic stopover area in the North Atlantic used by birds from at least two breeding populations (from Greenland and Iceland). Although birds from the same colony took one of two alternative southbound migration routes following the African or South American coast, all returned on a broadly similar, sigmoidal trajectory, crossing from east to west in the Atlantic in the region of the equatorial Intertropical Convergence Zone. Arctic terns clearly target regions of high marine productivity both as stopover and wintering areas, and exploit prevailing global wind systems to reduce flight costs on long-distance commutes.
-
Tracking of Arctic terns Sterna paradisaea reveals longest animal migration
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010Co-Authors: Carsten Egevang, Iain J. Stenhouse, Richard A. Phillips, Aevar Petersen, James W. Fox, Janet R. D. SilkAbstract:The study of long-distance migration provides insights into the habits and performance of organisms at the limit of their physical abilities. The Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea is the epitome of such behavior; despite its small size (
-
The Breeding Association of Red Phalaropes with Arctic Terns: Response to a Redistribution of Terns in a Major Greenland Colony
Waterbirds, 2004Co-Authors: Carsten Egevang, Kaj Kampp, David BoertmannAbstract:Abstract The Red Phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius) is a rare species in west Greenland, where it generally breeds on islands in association with the Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea). The strength of this association was confirmed on the archipelago of Gronne Ejland, the largest tern colony in Greenland, where Arctic Terns inhabited all four major islands until 15 years ago, but now have abandoned two of them; the Red Phalarope left the same two islands after a few years, but not the islands still inhabited by terns. The terns apparently disappeared from the two islands due to the presence of Arctic Foxes (Alopex lagopus) over several years. The disappearance of the Red Phalarope could have been a response to the absence of breeding terns, or could have happened as a direct result of predation and disturbance from foxes. The Red-necked Phalarope (P. lobatus), however, still breeds on the islands abandoned by the terns. It might be that the Red Phalarope is more vulnerable to fox predation than the Red-necke...
Aevar Petersen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Annual survival of Arctic terns in western Iceland
Polar Biology, 2020Co-Authors: Aevar Petersen, Gregory J. Robertson, Sverrir Thorstensen, Mark L. MalloryAbstract:Many seabird species in the North Atlantic region have shown considerable declines in their populations during recent decades. One such species is the Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea), a small seabird which migrates farther than any other seabird each year and whose global population is thought to be in decline. We used banding data of chicks and adults, spanning five decades (1974–2017) from a tern colony on Flatey, in western Iceland, to generate the first assessment of annual survival in this species in Iceland. Survival from just after hatching to the next summer was estimated to be 0.119 ± 0.024 (SE), while annual survival of adult birds (older than one year) was high at 0.952 ± 0.030. Although our data were insufficient to assess annual variation in adult survival, we noted a reduced survival (0.851 ± 0.034) in recent years (since 2000), coincident with a collapse in local sand lance populations. Reduced adult survival, along with other factors, is likely contributing to declining populations of this iconic species in Iceland, a country supporting 20–30% of the world’s breeding population.
-
tracking of arctic terns Sterna paradisaea reveals longest animal migration
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010Co-Authors: Carsten Egevang, Iain J. Stenhouse, Richard A. Phillips, Aevar Petersen, James W. Fox, Janet R. D. SilkAbstract:The study of long-distance migration provides insights into the habits and performance of organisms at the limit of their physical abilities. The Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea is the epitome of such behavior; despite its small size (<125 g), banding recoveries and at-sea surveys suggest that its annual migration from boreal and high Arctic breeding grounds to the Southern Ocean may be the longest seasonal movement of any animal. Our tracking of 11 Arctic terns fitted with miniature (1.4-g) geolocators revealed that these birds do indeed travel huge distances (more than 80,000 km annually for some individuals). As well as confirming the location of the main wintering region, we also identified a previously unknown oceanic stopover area in the North Atlantic used by birds from at least two breeding populations (from Greenland and Iceland). Although birds from the same colony took one of two alternative southbound migration routes following the African or South American coast, all returned on a broadly similar, sigmoidal trajectory, crossing from east to west in the Atlantic in the region of the equatorial Intertropical Convergence Zone. Arctic terns clearly target regions of high marine productivity both as stopover and wintering areas, and exploit prevailing global wind systems to reduce flight costs on long-distance commutes.
-
Tracking of Arctic terns Sterna paradisaea reveals longest animal migration
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010Co-Authors: Carsten Egevang, Iain J. Stenhouse, Richard A. Phillips, Aevar Petersen, James W. Fox, Janet R. D. SilkAbstract:The study of long-distance migration provides insights into the habits and performance of organisms at the limit of their physical abilities. The Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea is the epitome of such behavior; despite its small size (