The Experts below are selected from a list of 560385 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Vincent M. Reid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the influence of schizotypy on eventrelated oscillations in sensory gating during early infant development
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Ellie Smith, Trevor J. Crawford, Vincent M. ReidAbstract:Maternal personality is known to influence childhood risk factors for mental health. More specifically, maternal psychopathologies, such as those on the schizophrenia-spectrum have been associated with P50 sensory gating abilities. Schizotypy is a personality dimension within the general population elevated among schizophrenia-spectrum patients and their first-degree relatives. Sensory gating is the pre-attentional habituation of responses distinguishing between important and irrelevant information. Neurooscillatory deficits have been observed in this ability in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. The current study investigated whether mothers with schizotypy (n=33) and their 6-month-old infants (n=38) display reduced evoked-oscillatory activity. The mothers completed the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences – Short Form as an index of schizotypy dimensionality, which was used to categorise the participants into infants of control mothers and mothers with schizotypy. The paired-tone paradigm: two identical auditory tones (Stimulus 1 and Stimulus 2) played 500ms apart, were used to probe evoked oscillatory activity. Data revealed that although the infants’ evoked-oscillations displayed differences between Stimulus 1 and Stimulus 2, there were no group differences between infants of mothers with schizotypy and of control mothers. Their mothers, however, displayed differences, with reduced power toward Stimulus 1 observed in the mothers with schizotypy between 13-30Hz. These findings are consistent that early sensory processes, such as sensory gating are impaired in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
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Is schizotypic maternal personality linked to sensory gating abilities during infancy
Experimental brain research, 2019Co-Authors: Eleanor S. Smith, Trevor J. Crawford, Megan Thomas, Vincent M. ReidAbstract:Schizotypy is a personality dimension within the general population elevated among schizophrenia-spectrum patients and their first-degree relatives. Sensory gating is the pre-attentional habituation of responses distinguishing between important and irrelevant information. This is measured by event-related potentials, which have been found to display abnormalities in schizophrenic disorders. The current study investigated whether 6-month-old infants of mothers with schizotypic traits display sensory gating abnormalities. The paired-tone paradigm: two identical auditory tones (Stimulus 1 and Stimulus 2) played 500 ms apart, was used to probe the selective activation of the brain during 15-minutes of sleep. Their mothers completed the Oxford and Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences-Short Form as an index of schizotypy dimensionality, categorized into: infants of control, and infants of schizotypic, mothers. The findings revealed that although the infants' P50 components displayed significant differences between Stimulus 1 and Stimulus 2 in the paired-tone paradigm, there was no clear difference between infants of schizotypic and infants of control mothers. In contrast, all mothers displayed significant differences between Stimulus 1 and Stimulus 2, as observed in the infants, but also significant differences between their sensory gating ability correlated with schizotypy dimensionality. These findings are consistent with sensory processes, such as sensory gating, evidencing impairment in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The present research supports the idea that first-degree relatives of individuals who identify on this spectrum, within the sub-clinical category, do not display the same deficit at 6 postnatal months of age.
Richard D Lane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neurobiology of emotion perception i the neural basis of normal emotion perception
Biological Psychiatry, 2003Co-Authors: Mary L Phillips, Wayne C Drevets, Scott L Rauch, Richard D LaneAbstract:There is at present limited understanding of the neurobiological basis of the different processes underlying emotion perception. We have aimed to identify potential neural correlates of three processes suggested by appraisalist theories as important for emotion perception: 1) the identification of the emotional significance of a Stimulus; 2) the production of an affective state in response to 1; and 3) the regulation of the affective state. In a critical review, we have examined findings from recent animal, human lesion, and functional neuroimaging studies. Findings from these studies indicate that these processes may be dependent upon the functioning of two neural systems: a ventral system, including the amygdala, insula, ventral striatum, and ventral regions of the anterior cingulate gyrus and prefrontal cortex, predominantly important for processes 1 and 2 and automatic regulation of emotional responses; and a dorsal system, including the hippocampus and dorsal regions of anterior cingulate gyrus and prefrontal cortex, predominantly important for process 3. We suggest that the extent to which a Stimulus is identified as emotive and is associated with the production of an affective state may be dependent upon levels of activity within these two neural systems.
Liam Paninski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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common input models for multiple neural spike train data
IEEE Network, 2007Co-Authors: Jayant Kulkarni, Liam PaninskiAbstract:Recent developments in multi-electrode recordings enable the simultaneous measurement of the spiking activity of many neurons. Analysis of such multineuronal data is one of the key challenge in computational neuroscience today. In this work, we develop a multivariate point-process model in which the observed activity of a network of neurons depends on three terms: (1) the experimentally-controlled Stimulus; (2) the spiking history of the observed neurons; and (3) a hidden term that corresponds, for example, to common input from an unobserved population of neurons that is presynaptic to two or more cells in the observed population. We consider two models for the network firing-rates, one of which is computationally and analytically tractable but can lead to unrealistically high firing-rates, while the other with reasonable firing-rates imposes a greater computational burden. We develop an expectation-maximization algorithm for fitting the parameters of both the models. For the analytically tractable model ...
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common input models for multiple neural spike train data
Network: Computation In Neural Systems, 2007Co-Authors: Jayant Kulkarni, Liam PaninskiAbstract:Recent developments in multi-electrode recordings enable the simultaneous measurement of the spiking activity of many neurons. Analysis of such multineuronal data is one of the key challenge in computational neuroscience today. In this work, we develop a multivariate point-process model in which the observed activity of a network of neurons depends on three terms: (1) the experimentally-controlled Stimulus; (2) the spiking history of the observed neurons; and (3) a hidden term that corresponds, for example, to common input from an unobserved population of neurons that is presynaptic to two or more cells in the observed population. We consider two models for the network firing-rates, one of which is computationally and analytically tractable but can lead to unrealistically high firing-rates, while the other with reasonable firing-rates imposes a greater computational burden. We develop an expectation-maximization algorithm for fitting the parameters of both the models. For the analytically tractable model the expectation step is based on a continuous-time implementation of the extended Kalman smoother, and the maximization step involves two concave maximization problems which may be solved in parallel. The other model that we consider necessitates the use of Monte Carlo methods for the expectation as well as maximization step. We discuss the trade-off involved in choosing between the two models and the associated methods. The techniques developed allow us to solve a variety of inference problems in a straightforward, computationally efficient fashion; for example, we may use the model to predict network activity given an arbitrary Stimulus, infer a neuron's ring rate given the Stimulus and the activity of the other observed neurons, and perform optimal Stimulus decoding and prediction. We present several detailed simulation studies which explore the strengths and limitations of our approach.
Eleanor S. Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is schizotypic maternal personality linked to sensory gating abilities during infancy
Experimental brain research, 2019Co-Authors: Eleanor S. Smith, Trevor J. Crawford, Megan Thomas, Vincent M. ReidAbstract:Schizotypy is a personality dimension within the general population elevated among schizophrenia-spectrum patients and their first-degree relatives. Sensory gating is the pre-attentional habituation of responses distinguishing between important and irrelevant information. This is measured by event-related potentials, which have been found to display abnormalities in schizophrenic disorders. The current study investigated whether 6-month-old infants of mothers with schizotypic traits display sensory gating abnormalities. The paired-tone paradigm: two identical auditory tones (Stimulus 1 and Stimulus 2) played 500 ms apart, was used to probe the selective activation of the brain during 15-minutes of sleep. Their mothers completed the Oxford and Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences-Short Form as an index of schizotypy dimensionality, categorized into: infants of control, and infants of schizotypic, mothers. The findings revealed that although the infants' P50 components displayed significant differences between Stimulus 1 and Stimulus 2 in the paired-tone paradigm, there was no clear difference between infants of schizotypic and infants of control mothers. In contrast, all mothers displayed significant differences between Stimulus 1 and Stimulus 2, as observed in the infants, but also significant differences between their sensory gating ability correlated with schizotypy dimensionality. These findings are consistent with sensory processes, such as sensory gating, evidencing impairment in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The present research supports the idea that first-degree relatives of individuals who identify on this spectrum, within the sub-clinical category, do not display the same deficit at 6 postnatal months of age.
Mary L Phillips - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neurobiology of emotion perception i the neural basis of normal emotion perception
Biological Psychiatry, 2003Co-Authors: Mary L Phillips, Wayne C Drevets, Scott L Rauch, Richard D LaneAbstract:There is at present limited understanding of the neurobiological basis of the different processes underlying emotion perception. We have aimed to identify potential neural correlates of three processes suggested by appraisalist theories as important for emotion perception: 1) the identification of the emotional significance of a Stimulus; 2) the production of an affective state in response to 1; and 3) the regulation of the affective state. In a critical review, we have examined findings from recent animal, human lesion, and functional neuroimaging studies. Findings from these studies indicate that these processes may be dependent upon the functioning of two neural systems: a ventral system, including the amygdala, insula, ventral striatum, and ventral regions of the anterior cingulate gyrus and prefrontal cortex, predominantly important for processes 1 and 2 and automatic regulation of emotional responses; and a dorsal system, including the hippocampus and dorsal regions of anterior cingulate gyrus and prefrontal cortex, predominantly important for process 3. We suggest that the extent to which a Stimulus is identified as emotive and is associated with the production of an affective state may be dependent upon levels of activity within these two neural systems.
