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Thomas J. Lintner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sting Morphology and Frequency of Sting Autotomy Among Medically Important Vespids (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and the Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Journal of medical entomology, 1992Co-Authors: Lorraine M. Mulfinger, John Yunginger, William Styer, Miles W. Guralnick, Thomas J. LintnerAbstract:Data from clinical Sting challenge investigations indicate that certain species of yellowjackets experience Sting Apparatus autotomy with surprisingly high frequency. However, a retrospective survey of vespid collectors strongly supports the supposition that the frequency of yellowjacket Sting autotomy seen in clinical situations is not representative of the frequency experienced under field conditions. Examination by electron microscopy of the Sting Apparatuses of several vespid species and that of Apis mellifera L., the honey bee, revealed previously unreported structural variations between apid and vespid aculei which likely contribute to differences in Sting autotomy rates observed between the honey bee and the social wasps. Specifically, when the lancets of a vespid aculeus are in a retracted position, the width of the smooth-edged stylet extends beyond the barbed edges of the lancets, forming a protective sheath. By contrast, all honey bee aculei possess stylets of insufficient width to shroud the barbs of retracted lancets, thus allowing the barbs to be completely exposed. Additionally, the dorsal surface of all vespid stylets are smooth in contrast to the dorsal surface of honey bee stylets, which support from one to three rows of paired barbs. The exposure of barbs on retracted honey bee lancets and the presence of additional barbs on the dorsal tip of the stylet would make withdrawal of a honey bee aculeus from a victim's flesh more difficult than withdrawal of a vespid aculeus, in which the barbs of retracted lancets are shielded and no dorsal barbs are present.
Diniz, Jorge L. M. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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FIGURE 5 in Tropidomyrmex elianae, a new myrmicine ant genus and species from Brazil, tentatively assigned to Solenopsidini (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
2009Co-Authors: Silva, Rogério R., Feitosa, Rodrigo M., Brandão, Carlos Roberto F., Diniz, Jorge L. M.Abstract:FIGURE 5. Line drawings of Tropidomyrmex elianae gen. & sp. n. Sting Apparatus (paratype worker). A, Sting and furcula in dorsal view; B, Sting and furcula in profile; C, oblong plate; D, anal plate; E, gonostylus; F, spiracular plate; G, triangular plate; H, quadrate plate
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Tropidomyrmex elianae, a new myrmicine ant genus and species from Brazil, tentatively assigned to Solenopsidini (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
MAGNOLIA PRESS, 2009Co-Authors: Silva, Rogério R., Feitosa, Rodrigo M., Brandão, Carlos Roberto F., Diniz, Jorge L. M.Abstract:A new myrmicine ant, Tropidomyrmex elianae gen. n. & sp. n., is described from southeastern and central Brazil, based on workers, ergatoid gynes, males and larvae. Tropidomyrmex workers are relatively small, monomorphic, characterized mainly by the feebly pigmented and extremely thin integument; subfalcate mandibles bearing a single apical tooth; palpal formula 1,2; clypeus relatively broad and convex; reduced compound eyes; propodeum unarmed and with a strongly medially depressed declivous face; double and bilobed well developed subpostpetiolar processes; and peculiarities in the Sting Apparatus. A colony fragment of T. elianae containing workers, ergatoid gynes, males, and brood was found inside a ground termite nest (Anoplotermes pacificus Apicotermitinae) in a montane rocky scrubland in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Tropidomyrmex elianae is known also from two workers collected in leaf litter samples processed with a Winkler extractor, from the state of Tocantins, central-north Brazil. Despite the differences from the accepted solenopsidine genera, Tropidomyrmex is tentatively assigned to this tribe. Within the solenopsidine ants, the genus is apparently related to Tranopelta. Tropidomyrmex is marked by extreme reductions, perhaps reflecting adaptations to particular habits and habitats
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Tropidomyrmex elianae, a new myrmicine ant genus and species from Brazil, tentatively assigned to Solenopsidini (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
MAGNOLIA PRESS, 2009Co-Authors: Silva, Rogério R., Feitosa, Rodrigo M., Brandão, Carlos Roberto F., Diniz, Jorge L. M.Abstract:A new myrmicine ant, Tropidomyrmex elianae gen. n. & sp. n., is described from southeastern and central Brazil, based on workers, ergatoid gynes, males and larvae. Tropidomyrmex workers are relatively small, monomorphic, characterized mainly by the feebly pigmented and extremely thin integument; subfalcate mandibles bearing a single apical tooth; palpal formula 1,2; clypeus relatively broad and convex; reduced compound eyes; propodeum unarmed and with a strongly medially depressed declivous face; double and bilobed well developed subpostpetiolar processes; and peculiarities in the Sting Apparatus. A colony fragment of T. elianae containing workers, ergatoid gynes, males, and brood was found inside a ground termite nest (Anoplotermes pacificus Apicotermitinae) in a montane rocky scrubland in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Tropidomyrmex elianae is known also from two workers collected in leaf litter samples processed with a Winkler extractor, from the state of Tocantins, central-north Brazil. Despite the differences from the accepted solenopsidine genera, Tropidomyrmex is tentatively assigned to this tribe. Within the solenopsidine ants, the genus is apparently related to Tranopelta. Tropidomyrmex is marked by extreme reductions, perhaps reflecting adaptations to particular habits and habitats.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)[132323/2005-2]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)[07/01310-2]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)[06/02190-8]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP
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Revisionary studies on the enigmatic neotropical ant genus Stegomyrmex Emery, 1912 (Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Myrmicinae), with the description of two new species
INT SOC HYMENOPTERISTS, 2008Co-Authors: Feitosa, Rodrigo M., Brandao, Carlos R. F., Diniz, Jorge L. M.Abstract:The recent increase in leaf litter ants sampling effort in Neotropical wet forests has revealed new and intereSting records of the highly specialized myrmicine ant genus Stegomyrmex Emery, previously considered as extremely rare. We present a modified diagnosis for the genus and describe Stegomyrmex bensoni n. sp. and S. olindae n. sp., based on, respectively, workers, males, and gyne (central-north Brazil) and on a single worker (northern Brazil). Stegomyrmex vizottoi Diniz (southeastern Brazil) is redescribed and compared with S. olindae n. sp.; these species present significant differences in size, sculpturation, and Sting Apparatus morphology. The males of S. vizottoi are described for the first time. A key for workers and queens and a distribution map for the five know Stegomyrmex species are provided
Hemagirigowda Ravikumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparative morphometric studies of the Sting Apparatus of the worker bees of four different Apis species (Apis dorsata, Apis mellifera, Apis cerana and Apis florea)
Journal of Apicultural Research, 2013Co-Authors: Nallahalli Shivarajegowda Surendra, Gopasandra Narayanappa Jayaram, Muniswamy Reddy Shankara Reddy, Hemagirigowda RavikumarAbstract:SummaryTwo glands associated with the Sting Apparatus of worker honey bees produce venom. The aim of this study was to analyse the size and morphometrics of the Sting Apparatus of worker bees of fo...
Lorraine M. Mulfinger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sting Morphology and Frequency of Sting Autotomy Among Medically Important Vespids (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and the Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Journal of medical entomology, 1992Co-Authors: Lorraine M. Mulfinger, John Yunginger, William Styer, Miles W. Guralnick, Thomas J. LintnerAbstract:Data from clinical Sting challenge investigations indicate that certain species of yellowjackets experience Sting Apparatus autotomy with surprisingly high frequency. However, a retrospective survey of vespid collectors strongly supports the supposition that the frequency of yellowjacket Sting autotomy seen in clinical situations is not representative of the frequency experienced under field conditions. Examination by electron microscopy of the Sting Apparatuses of several vespid species and that of Apis mellifera L., the honey bee, revealed previously unreported structural variations between apid and vespid aculei which likely contribute to differences in Sting autotomy rates observed between the honey bee and the social wasps. Specifically, when the lancets of a vespid aculeus are in a retracted position, the width of the smooth-edged stylet extends beyond the barbed edges of the lancets, forming a protective sheath. By contrast, all honey bee aculei possess stylets of insufficient width to shroud the barbs of retracted lancets, thus allowing the barbs to be completely exposed. Additionally, the dorsal surface of all vespid stylets are smooth in contrast to the dorsal surface of honey bee stylets, which support from one to three rows of paired barbs. The exposure of barbs on retracted honey bee lancets and the presence of additional barbs on the dorsal tip of the stylet would make withdrawal of a honey bee aculeus from a victim's flesh more difficult than withdrawal of a vespid aculeus, in which the barbs of retracted lancets are shielded and no dorsal barbs are present.
Connie C. Bonham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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2003b. Discovery of 3-methyl-2buten-1-yl acetate, a new alarm component in the Sting Apparatus of Africanized honeybees
2014Co-Authors: Greg J. Hunt, Karl V. Wood, Hsiupu D. Lee, Arlene P. Rothwell, Ernesto Guzman-no Voa, Connie C. BonhamAbstract:Abstract—We analyzed the alarm pheromone components from five colonies of Africanized honeybees and three colonies of European honeybees collected in Mexico. Analyses revealed a novel alarm pheromone component that was only present in appreciable quantities in the Africanized bee samples. Analysis of the mass spectrum and subsequent synthesis confirmed that this compound is 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl acetate (3M2BA), an unsaturated derivative of IPA. In Africanized honeybees, sampling from Stings of guards showed that 3M2BA was present at levels of 0–38 % the amount of isoamyl acetate (IPA). Behavioral assays from three colonies each of Africanized and European bees showed that 3M2BA recruited worker bees from hives of both Africanized bees and Euro-pean bees at least as efficiently as isopentyl acetate IPA, a compound widely reported to have the highest activity for releasing alarm and Stinging behavior in honeybees. However, a mixture of of 3M2BA and IPA (1:2) recruited bees more efficiently than either of the compounds alone. None of the compounds differed in their efficacy for inducing bees to pursue the observers
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Discovery of 3-Methyl-2-Buten-1-Yl Acetate, a New Alarm Component in the Sting Apparatus of Africanized Honeybees
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2003Co-Authors: Greg J. Hunt, Karl V. Wood, Ernesto Guzmán-novoa, Hsiupu D. Lee, Arlene P. Rothwell, Connie C. BonhamAbstract:We analyzed the alarm pheromone components from five colonies of Africanized honeybees and three colonies of European honeybees collected in Mexico. Analyses revealed a novel alarm pheromone component that was only present in appreciable quantities in the Africanized bee samples. Analysis of the mass spectrum and subsequent synthesis confirmed that this compound is 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl acetate (3M2BA), an unsaturated derivative of IPA. In Africanized honeybees, sampling from Stings of guards showed that 3M2BA was present at levels of 0–38% the amount of isoamyl acetate (IPA). Behavioral assays from three colonies each of Africanized and European bees showed that 3M2BA recruited worker bees from hives of both Africanized bees and European bees at least as efficiently as isopentyl acetate IPA, a compound widely reported to have the highest activity for releasing alarm and Stinging behavior in honeybees. However, a mixture of of 3M2BA and IPA (1:2) recruited bees more efficiently than either of the compounds alone. None of the compounds differed in their efficacy for inducing bees to pursue the observers.
