The Experts below are selected from a list of 19200 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Robin Gerlach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Struvite Stone Formation by Ureolytic Biofilms
The Role of Bacteria in Urology, 2019Co-Authors: Erika J. Espinosa-ortiz, Robin GerlachAbstract:This chapter describes the role ureolytic biofilms (communities of microbes attached to surfaces) play in struvite Stone Formation in the urinary tract. The Formation of struvite Stones (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), commonly known as infection Stones, is associated with urinary tract infections, particularly, with ureolytic microorganisms. Establishment of ureolytic biofilms in the urinary tract can result in increased microbial resistance to medical treatment and development of the necessary urine conditions to promote struvite (or other mineral) precipitation possibly leading to Stone Formation. Ureolytic microorganisms produce urease, an enzyme that breaks down urea (CO(NH2)2) generating ammonium (NH4+) and alkalizing urine, which changes urine chemistry to potentially promote struvite and other mineral precipitation. This chapter describes the series of steps involved in biofilm development and struvite precipitation leading to Stone Formation. Furthermore, this chapter presents an overview of controlled laboratory experiments and computer simulations currently used in different disciplines to study microbe-fluid-mineral interactions. We conclude that an interdisciplinary approach including the disciplines of engineering, mathematics, chemistry, microbiology and medicine will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the process of Stone Formation in the urinary tract and will ultimately allow for the development of improved management and prevention strategies for infection Stones.
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evaluation of biofilm induced urinary infection Stone Formation in a novel laboratory model system
The Journal of Urology, 2018Co-Authors: Trace Hobbs, Robin Gerlach, Logan N. Schultz, Ellen G. Lauchnor, Dirk LangeAbstract:Purpose: Infection Stones, which comprise approximately 15% of all urinary tract Stones, are induced by infection with urease-positive pathogens. The bacteria in the Stone matrix present significant treatment impediments compared to metabolic kidney Stones. While much is known about how urinary composition regulates metabolic Stone Formation, there is a general lack of knowledge of which urinary factors regulate the rate of infection Stone Formation. Unfortunately more in-depth research into infection Stones is limited by the lack of suitable models for real-time study of bacterial biofilm Formation and Stone Formation under varying conditions.Materials and Methods: We developed an in vitro model to study infection Stone Formation. The model closely represents the processes that occur in vivo, including the observed migration of ureolytic bacteria (our culture of Proteus mirabilis) from the bladder to the kidneys, followed by biofilm and Stone Formation in the kidney. We used scanning electron and confoca...
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Struvite Stone Formation by Ureolytic Biofilm Infections
The Role of Bacteria in Urology, 2016Co-Authors: Logan N. Schultz, James M. Connolly, Ellen G. Lauchnor, Trace Hobbs, Robin GerlachAbstract:This chapter describes how urinary tract infections can lead to Stone Formation. The most frequent type of infection Stone is struvite (MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O), although it is common that struvite Stones and infections are associated with other Stone types, often forming large staghorn calculi. A complete understanding of struvite Stone Formation requires knowledge of the pathogen biology, including metabolic activity and motility, as well as a basic understanding of how minerals form.
Nicholas L. Simmons - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Urinary Stone Formation: Dent’s Disease Moves Understanding Forward
Experimental Nephrology, 2002Co-Authors: John A. Sayer, Nicholas L. SimmonsAbstract:Renal Stones form in the late collecting duct in a complex milieu involving salts and protein components of the urine together with direct interactions at the epithelial cells lining the duct. The operation of newly discovered physiological controls that limit crystal Formation by feedback mechanisms which sense the luminal environment are discussed. Adhesion at the epithelial surface and intracellular processing of crystals comprise a previously unrecognised mechanism for limiting crystal growth, which may be disrupted resulting in disease. Dent’s disease is discussed as a paradigm of a complex renal tubular disease resulting in renal Stone Formation. Defects in endosomal acidification, due to ablation of the CLC-5 voltage-gated Cl– channel, result in defects in both proximal and collecting duct endosomal traffic leading to Stone Formation.
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urinary Stone Formation dent s disease moves understanding forward
Experimental Nephrology, 2002Co-Authors: John A. Sayer, Nicholas L. SimmonsAbstract:Renal Stones form in the late collecting duct in a complex milieu involving salts and protein components of the urine together with direct interactions at the epithelial cells lining the duct. The operation of newly discovered physiological controls that limit crystal Formation by feedback mechanisms which sense the luminal environment are discussed. Adhesion at the epithelial surface and intracellular processing of crystals comprise a previously unrecognised mechanism for limiting crystal growth, which may be disrupted resulting in disease. Dent’s disease is discussed as a paradigm of a complex renal tubular disease resulting in renal Stone Formation. Defects in endosomal acidification, due to ablation of the CLC-5 voltage-gated Cl– channel, result in defects in both proximal and collecting duct endosomal traffic leading to Stone Formation.
Trace Hobbs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of biofilm induced urinary infection Stone Formation in a novel laboratory model system
The Journal of Urology, 2018Co-Authors: Trace Hobbs, Robin Gerlach, Logan N. Schultz, Ellen G. Lauchnor, Dirk LangeAbstract:Purpose: Infection Stones, which comprise approximately 15% of all urinary tract Stones, are induced by infection with urease-positive pathogens. The bacteria in the Stone matrix present significant treatment impediments compared to metabolic kidney Stones. While much is known about how urinary composition regulates metabolic Stone Formation, there is a general lack of knowledge of which urinary factors regulate the rate of infection Stone Formation. Unfortunately more in-depth research into infection Stones is limited by the lack of suitable models for real-time study of bacterial biofilm Formation and Stone Formation under varying conditions.Materials and Methods: We developed an in vitro model to study infection Stone Formation. The model closely represents the processes that occur in vivo, including the observed migration of ureolytic bacteria (our culture of Proteus mirabilis) from the bladder to the kidneys, followed by biofilm and Stone Formation in the kidney. We used scanning electron and confoca...
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Struvite Stone Formation by Ureolytic Biofilm Infections
The Role of Bacteria in Urology, 2016Co-Authors: Logan N. Schultz, James M. Connolly, Ellen G. Lauchnor, Trace Hobbs, Robin GerlachAbstract:This chapter describes how urinary tract infections can lead to Stone Formation. The most frequent type of infection Stone is struvite (MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O), although it is common that struvite Stones and infections are associated with other Stone types, often forming large staghorn calculi. A complete understanding of struvite Stone Formation requires knowledge of the pathogen biology, including metabolic activity and motility, as well as a basic understanding of how minerals form.
John A. Sayer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Urinary Stone Formation: Dent’s Disease Moves Understanding Forward
Experimental Nephrology, 2002Co-Authors: John A. Sayer, Nicholas L. SimmonsAbstract:Renal Stones form in the late collecting duct in a complex milieu involving salts and protein components of the urine together with direct interactions at the epithelial cells lining the duct. The operation of newly discovered physiological controls that limit crystal Formation by feedback mechanisms which sense the luminal environment are discussed. Adhesion at the epithelial surface and intracellular processing of crystals comprise a previously unrecognised mechanism for limiting crystal growth, which may be disrupted resulting in disease. Dent’s disease is discussed as a paradigm of a complex renal tubular disease resulting in renal Stone Formation. Defects in endosomal acidification, due to ablation of the CLC-5 voltage-gated Cl– channel, result in defects in both proximal and collecting duct endosomal traffic leading to Stone Formation.
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urinary Stone Formation dent s disease moves understanding forward
Experimental Nephrology, 2002Co-Authors: John A. Sayer, Nicholas L. SimmonsAbstract:Renal Stones form in the late collecting duct in a complex milieu involving salts and protein components of the urine together with direct interactions at the epithelial cells lining the duct. The operation of newly discovered physiological controls that limit crystal Formation by feedback mechanisms which sense the luminal environment are discussed. Adhesion at the epithelial surface and intracellular processing of crystals comprise a previously unrecognised mechanism for limiting crystal growth, which may be disrupted resulting in disease. Dent’s disease is discussed as a paradigm of a complex renal tubular disease resulting in renal Stone Formation. Defects in endosomal acidification, due to ablation of the CLC-5 voltage-gated Cl– channel, result in defects in both proximal and collecting duct endosomal traffic leading to Stone Formation.
Logan N. Schultz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of biofilm induced urinary infection Stone Formation in a novel laboratory model system
The Journal of Urology, 2018Co-Authors: Trace Hobbs, Robin Gerlach, Logan N. Schultz, Ellen G. Lauchnor, Dirk LangeAbstract:Purpose: Infection Stones, which comprise approximately 15% of all urinary tract Stones, are induced by infection with urease-positive pathogens. The bacteria in the Stone matrix present significant treatment impediments compared to metabolic kidney Stones. While much is known about how urinary composition regulates metabolic Stone Formation, there is a general lack of knowledge of which urinary factors regulate the rate of infection Stone Formation. Unfortunately more in-depth research into infection Stones is limited by the lack of suitable models for real-time study of bacterial biofilm Formation and Stone Formation under varying conditions.Materials and Methods: We developed an in vitro model to study infection Stone Formation. The model closely represents the processes that occur in vivo, including the observed migration of ureolytic bacteria (our culture of Proteus mirabilis) from the bladder to the kidneys, followed by biofilm and Stone Formation in the kidney. We used scanning electron and confoca...
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Struvite Stone Formation by Ureolytic Biofilm Infections
The Role of Bacteria in Urology, 2016Co-Authors: Logan N. Schultz, James M. Connolly, Ellen G. Lauchnor, Trace Hobbs, Robin GerlachAbstract:This chapter describes how urinary tract infections can lead to Stone Formation. The most frequent type of infection Stone is struvite (MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O), although it is common that struvite Stones and infections are associated with other Stone types, often forming large staghorn calculi. A complete understanding of struvite Stone Formation requires knowledge of the pathogen biology, including metabolic activity and motility, as well as a basic understanding of how minerals form.