The Experts below are selected from a list of 11589 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Thomas Brunner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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death receptor interactions with the mitochondrial cell death pathway during immune cell drug and toxin induced liver damage
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Valentina Spinnenhirn, Janine Demgenski, Thomas BrunnerAbstract:Due to its extensive vascularization and physiological function as a filter and Storage Organ, the liver is constantly exposed to infectious and tumorigenic threat, as well as damaging actions of xenobiotics. Detoxification reactions are essential for the excretion of harmful substances, but harbor also the risk of “side effects” leading to dangerous metabolites of otherwise harmless substances, a well known effect during paracetamol overdose. These drugs can have detrimental effects, which often involves the induction of sterile inflammation and activation of the immune system. Therefore, the role of certain immune cells and their effector molecules in the regulation of drug-induced liver damage are of special interest. Hepatocytes are type II cells, and death receptor-induced cell death requires amplification via the mitochondrial pathway. However, this important role of the mitochondria and associated cell death-regulating signaling complexes appears to be not restricted to death receptor signaling, but to extend to drug-induced activation of mitochondrial cell death pathways. We here discuss the role of members of the Tumor Necrosis Factor family, with a focus on TRAIL, and their interactions with the Bcl-2 family in the crosstalk between the extrinsic and intrinsic cell death pathway during xenobiotic-induced liver damage.
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Death Receptor Interactions With the Mitochondrial Cell Death Pathway During Immune Cell-, Drug- and Toxin-Induced Liver Damage
'Frontiers Media SA', 2019Co-Authors: Valentina Spinnenhirn, Janine Demgenski, Thomas BrunnerAbstract:Due to its extensive vascularization and physiological function as a filter and Storage Organ, the liver is constantly exposed to infectious and tumorigenic threat, as well as damaging actions of xenobiotics. Detoxification reactions are essential for the excretion of harmful substances, but harbor also the risk of “side effects” leading to dangerous metabolites of otherwise harmless substances, a well known effect during paracetamol overdose. These drugs can have detrimental effects, which often involves the induction of sterile inflammation and activation of the immune system. Therefore, the role of certain immune cells and their effector molecules in the regulation of drug-induced liver damage are of special interest. Hepatocytes are type II cells, and death receptor (DR)-induced cell death (CD) requires amplification via the mitochondrial pathway. However, this important role of the mitochondria and associated CD-regulating signaling complexes appears to be not restricted to DR signaling, but to extend to drug-induced activation of mitochondrial CD pathways. We here discuss the role of members of the TNF family, with a focus on TRAIL, and their interactions with the Bcl-2 family in the crosstalk between the extrinsic and intrinsic CD pathway during xenobiotic-induced liver damage
Anjan K. Banerjee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conservation of polypyrimidine tract binding proteins and their putative target RNAs in several Storage root crops
BMC Genomics, 2018Co-Authors: Kirtikumar R. Kondhare, David J. Hannapel, Amit Kumar, Anjan K. BanerjeeAbstract:Background Polypyrimidine-tract binding proteins (PTBs) are ubiquitous RNA-binding proteins in plants and animals that play diverse role in RNA metabolic processes. PTB proteins bind to target RNAs through motifs rich in cytosine/uracil residues to fine-tune transcript metabolism. Among tuber and root crops, potato has been widely studied to understand the mobile signals that activate tuber development. Potato PTBs, designated as StPTB1 and StPTB6, function in a long-distance transport system by binding to specific mRNAs ( StBEL5 and POTH1 ) to stabilize them and facilitate their movement from leaf to stolon, the site of tuber induction, where they activate tuber and root growth. Storage tubers and root crops are important sustenance food crops grown throughout the world. Despite the availability of genome sequence for sweet potato, cassava, carrot and sugar beet, the molecular mechanism of root-derived Storage Organ development remains completely unexplored. Considering the pivotal role of PTBs and their target RNAs in potato Storage Organ development, we propose that a similar mechanism may be prevalent in Storage root crops as well. Results Through a bioinformatics survey utilizing available genome databases, we identify the orthologues of potato PTB proteins and two phloem-mobile RNAs, StBEL5 and POTH1, in five Storage root crops - sweet potato, cassava, carrot, radish and sugar beet. Like potato, PTB1/6 type proteins from these Storage root crops contain four conserved RNA Recognition Motifs (characteristic of RNA-binding PTBs) in their protein sequences. Further, 3´ UTR (untranslated region) analysis of BEL5 and POTH1 orthologues revealed the presence of several cytosine/uracil motifs, similar to those present in potato StBEL5 and POTH1 RNAs. Using RT-qPCR assays, we verified the presence of these related transcripts in leaf and root tissues of these five Storage root crops. Similar to potato, BEL5- , PTB1/6- and POTH1 -like orthologue RNAs from the aforementioned Storage root crops exhibited differential accumulation patterns in leaf and Storage root tissues. Conclusions Our results suggest that the PTB1/6-like orthologues and their putative targets, BEL5- and POTH1 - like mRNAs, from Storage root crops could interact physically, similar to that in potato, and potentially, could function as key molecular signals controlling Storage Organ development in root crops.
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Conservation of polypyrimidine tract binding proteins and their putative target RNAs in several Storage root crops.
BMC genomics, 2018Co-Authors: Kirtikumar R. Kondhare, David J. Hannapel, Amit Kumar, Anjan K. BanerjeeAbstract:Polypyrimidine-tract binding proteins (PTBs) are ubiquitous RNA-binding proteins in plants and animals that play diverse role in RNA metabolic processes. PTB proteins bind to target RNAs through motifs rich in cytosine/uracil residues to fine-tune transcript metabolism. Among tuber and root crops, potato has been widely studied to understand the mobile signals that activate tuber development. Potato PTBs, designated as StPTB1 and StPTB6, function in a long-distance transport system by binding to specific mRNAs (StBEL5 and POTH1) to stabilize them and facilitate their movement from leaf to stolon, the site of tuber induction, where they activate tuber and root growth. Storage tubers and root crops are important sustenance food crops grown throughout the world. Despite the availability of genome sequence for sweet potato, cassava, carrot and sugar beet, the molecular mechanism of root-derived Storage Organ development remains completely unexplored. Considering the pivotal role of PTBs and their target RNAs in potato Storage Organ development, we propose that a similar mechanism may be prevalent in Storage root crops as well. Through a bioinformatics survey utilizing available genome databases, we identify the orthologues of potato PTB proteins and two phloem-mobile RNAs, StBEL5 and POTH1, in five Storage root crops - sweet potato, cassava, carrot, radish and sugar beet. Like potato, PTB1/6 type proteins from these Storage root crops contain four conserved RNA Recognition Motifs (characteristic of RNA-binding PTBs) in their protein sequences. Further, 3´ UTR (untranslated region) analysis of BEL5 and POTH1 orthologues revealed the presence of several cytosine/uracil motifs, similar to those present in potato StBEL5 and POTH1 RNAs. Using RT-qPCR assays, we verified the presence of these related transcripts in leaf and root tissues of these five Storage root crops. Similar to potato, BEL5-, PTB1/6- and POTH1-like orthologue RNAs from the aforementioned Storage root crops exhibited differential accumulation patterns in leaf and Storage root tissues. Our results suggest that the PTB1/6-like orthologues and their putative targets, BEL5- and POTH1-like mRNAs, from Storage root crops could interact physically, similar to that in potato, and potentially, could function as key molecular signals controlling Storage Organ development in root crops.
Flaminia Catteruccia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mating activates the heme peroxidase hpx15 in the sperm Storage Organ to ensure fertility in anopheles gambiae
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014Co-Authors: Robert W Shaw, Eleonora Teodori, Sara N Mitchell, Francesco Baldini, Paolo Gabrieli, David W Rogers, Flaminia CatterucciaAbstract:Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes are major African vectors of malaria, a disease that kills more than 600,000 people every year. Given the spread of insecticide resistance in natural mosquito populations, alternative vector control strategies aimed at reducing the reproductive success of mosquitoes are being promoted. Unlike many other insects, An. gambiae females mate a single time in their lives and must use sperm stored in the sperm Storage Organ, the spermatheca, to fertilize a lifetime's supply of eggs. Maintenance of sperm viability during Storage is therefore crucial to the reproductive capacity of these mosquitoes. However, to date, no information is available on the factors and mechanisms ensuring sperm functionality in the spermatheca. Here we identify cellular components and molecular mechanisms used by An. gambiae females to maximize their fertility. Pathways of energy metabolism, cellular transport, and oxidative stress are strongly regulated by mating in the spermatheca. We identify the mating-induced heme peroxidase (HPX) 15 as an important factor in long-term fertility, and demonstrate that its function is required during multiple gonotrophic cycles. We find that HPX15 induction is regulated by sexually transferred 20-hydroxy-ecdysone (20E), a steroid hormone that is produced by the male accessory glands and transferred during copulation, and that expression of this peroxidase is mediated via the 20E nuclear receptor. To our knowledge, our findings provide the first evidence of the mechanisms regulating fertility in Anopheles, and identify HPX15 as a target for vector control.
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molecular and cellular components of the mating machinery in anopheles gambiae females
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008Co-Authors: David W Rogers, Miranda M A Whitten, Janis Thailayil, Julien Soichot, Elena A Levashina, Flaminia CatterucciaAbstract:Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes are the principal vectors of malaria. A major determinant of the capacity of these mosquitoes as disease vectors is their high reproductive rate. Reproduction depends on a single insemination, which profoundly changes the behavior and physiology of females. To identify factors and mechanisms relevant to the fertility of A. gambiae, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the molecular and cellular machinery associated with copulation in females. Initial whole-body microarray experiments comparing virgins with females at 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h after mating detected large transcriptional changes. Analysis of tissue localization identified a subset of genes whose expression was strikingly regulated by mating in the lower reproductive tract and, surprisingly, the gut. In the atrium of virgin females, where the male seminal fluid is received, our studies revealed a “mating machinery” consisting of molecular and structural components that are turned off or collapse after copulation, suggesting that this tissue loses its competence for further insemination. In the sperm Storage Organ, we detected a number of mating-responsive genes likely to have a role in the maintenance and function of stored sperm. These results identify genes and mechanisms regulating the reproductive biology of A. gambiae females, highlighting considerable differences with Drosophila melanogaster. Our data inform vector control strategies and reveal promising targets for the manipulation of fertility in field populations of these important disease vectors.
Chelsea D. Specht - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative transcriptomics of a monocotyledonous geophyte reveals shared molecular mechanisms of underground Storage Organ formation
Evolution & Development, 2021Co-Authors: Carrie M Tribble, Fernando Alzateguarin, Jesus Martinezgomez, Carl J Rothfels, Chelsea D. SpechtAbstract:Many species from across the vascular plant tree-of-life have modified standard plant tissues into tubers, bulbs, corms, and other underground Storage Organs (USOs), unique innovations which allow these plants to retreat underground. Our ability to understand the developmental and evolutionary forces that shape these morphologies is limited by a lack of studies on certain USOs and plant clades. We take a comparative transcriptomics approach to characterizing the molecular mechanisms of tuberous root formation in Bomarea multiflora (Alstroemeriaceae) and compare these mechanisms to those identified in other USOs across diverse plant lineages; B. multiflora fills a key gap in our understanding of USO molecular development as the first monocot with tuberous roots to be the focus of this kind of research. We sequenced transcriptomes from the growing tip of four tissue types (aerial shoot, rhizome, fibrous root, and root tuber) of three individuals of B. multiflora. We identified differentially expressed isoforms between tuberous and non-tuberous roots and tested the expression of a priori candidate genes implicated in underground Storage in other taxa. We identify 271 genes that are differentially expressed in root tubers versus non-tuberous roots, including genes implicated in cell wall modification, defense response, and starch biosynthesis. We also identify a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein, which has been implicated in tuberization signalling in other taxa and, through gene-tree analysis, place this copy in a phylogenetic context. These findings suggest that some similar molecular processes underlie the formation of USOs across flowering plants despite the long evolutionary distances among taxa and non-homologous morphologies (e.g., bulbs vs. tubers). (Plant development, tuberous roots, comparative transcriptomics, geophytes).
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comparative transcriptomics of a monocotyledonous geophyte reveals shared molecular mechanisms of underground Storage Organ formation
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Carrie M Tribble, Fernando Alzateguarin, Jesus Martinezgomez, Carl J Rothfels, Chelsea D. SpechtAbstract:Many species from across the vascular plant tree-of-life have modified standard plant tissues into tubers, bulbs, corms, and other underground Storage Organs (USOs). Bomarea multiflora (Alstroemeriaceae) is a tropical climbing monocot with unique underground morphology, including tuberous roots. We take a comparative transcriptomics approach to characterizing the molecular mechanisms of tuberous root formation in B. multiflora and compare these mechanisms to those identified in other underground Storage structures across diverse plant lineages. We sequenced transcriptomes from the growing tip of four tissue types (aerial shoot, rhizome, fibrous root, and root tuber) of three individuals of B. multiflora. We identify differentially expressed isoforms and test the expression of candidate genes that have been implicated in underground Storage in other taxa. We identify 271 genes that are differentially expressed in root tubers versus fibrous roots, including genes implicated in cell wall modification, environmental signaling and flowering time, and starch biosynthesis. We also identify a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) that is over-expressed in tuberous roots. These findings demonstrate that deeply parallel processes underlie the formation of underground Storage structures despite long evolutionary distances between taxa and non-homologous morphologies, illustrating that repeated co-option of similar genetic pathways can lead to convergent morphologies.
Amanda J Moehring - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reproductive consequences of an extra long term sperm Storage Organ
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2020Co-Authors: Akashdeep Dhillon, Tabashir Chowdhury, Yolanda E Morbey, Amanda J MoehringAbstract:Sperm Storage plays a key role in the reproductive success of many sexually-reproducing Organisms, and the capacity of long-term sperm Storage varies across species. While there are theoretical explanations for why such variation exists, to date there are no controlled empirical tests of the reproductive consequences of additional long-term sperm Storage. While Dipterans ancestrally have three long-term sperm Organs, known as the spermathecae, Drosophila contain only two. We identified a candidate gene, which we call spermathreecae (sp3), in which a disruption cause the development of three functional spermathecae rather than the usual two in Drosophila. We used this disruption to test the reproductive consequences of having an additional long-term sperm Storage Organ. Compared to females with two spermathecae, females with three spermathecae store a greater total number of sperm and can produce offspring a greater length of time. However, they did not produce a greater total number of offspring. Thus, additional long-term sperm Storage in insects may increase female fitness through extending the range of conditions where she produces offspring, or through increasing the quality of offspring via enhanced local sperm competition at fertilization.
