Storm Surge

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Harry F L Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • contribution of hurricane ike Storm Surge sedimentation to long term aggradation of southeastern texas coastal marshes
    Journal of Coastal Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: Harry F L Williams, Emily Denlinger
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Williams, H.F.L. and Denlinger, E. Contribution of Hurricane Ike Storm Surge sedimentation to long-term aggradation of Southeastern Texas coastal marshes Hurricane Storm Surges transport littoral sediment inland and may represent an important mechanism for long-term aggradation of coastal marshes. Hurricane Ike made landfall near Galveston, Texas, on September 13th 2008, generating a large Storm Surge that flooded 100 km of coastal marshes in southeastern Texas between Galveston Bay and the Louisiana border at Sabine Pass. The objective of the study was to measure the contribution of the hurricane-derived sediment input to long-term marsh aggradation. A field survey of the Storm Surge deposit in southeastern Texas coastal marshes was conducted in January 2009 and repeated in January 2010. The results show that the deposit is well-preserved and forms a landward-tapering wedge of sandy to muddy sediments that extends hundreds to thousands of meters inland. Cesium-137 dating was used to estimate dec...

  • magnitude of hurricane ike Storm Surge sedimentation implications for coastal marsh aggradation
    Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2012
    Co-Authors: Harry F L Williams
    Abstract:

    There is a paucity of information on the regional distribution and magnitude of hurricane Storm Surge sedimentation. This study assesses the spatial extent and magnitude of Hurricane Ike's (2008) Storm Surge sedimentation and discusses implications for the role of hurricanes in marsh aggradation. The characteristics of the Storm Surge deposit, including thickness, inland penetration, volume and mass, were determined for 15 transects across marshes bordering the Gulf of Mexico in south-eastern Texas and south-western Louisiana. The deposit is up to 0·85 m thick, extends up to 3·6 km inland, and has an estimated volume of about 13·7 million m3 and an estimated mass of about 16·2 million metric tons. This level of sedimentation is one to two orders of magnitude larger than other potential sources of marsh sedimentation, including annual riverine inputs and inputs from alongshore sediment transport. The study findings add support to a growing body of evidence that hurricanes may be the predominant sediment source for long-term aggradation of many coastal marshes bordering the Gulf of Mexico. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • stratigraphy sedimentology and microfossil content of hurricane rita Storm Surge deposits in southwest louisiana
    Journal of Coastal Research, 2009
    Co-Authors: Harry F L Williams
    Abstract:

    Abstract Hurricane Rita generated a 4–5-m-high Storm Surge along the southwest Louisiana coast. The Storm Surge and accompanying waves transported sand and mud into woodland and freshwater marsh environments located immediately landward of sandy beaches. The resulting Storm Surge deposit is up to 0.5 m thick and extends at least 500 m inland. Analysis of the stratigraphy, sedimentology, and microfossil content of the deposit suggests two distinct phases of deposition: a thin layer of finer sand and mud and an overlying thicker layer of coarser sand. The thin layer of finer sand and mud is characterized by planar laminae and calcareous foraminifera, characteristic of shallow marine environments. The layer drapes preexisting surfaces, extends at least 500 m inland, and abruptly overlies woodland and marsh soils. These findings suggest deposition from suspension of offshore sand and mud in an early stage of Storm Surge inundation. This layer is overlain by up to 0.5 m of coarser sand with prominent foreset l...

M J F Stive - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Klaus Keller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • understanding the detectability of potential changes to the 100 year peak Storm Surge
    Climatic Change, 2017
    Co-Authors: Robert L Ceres, Chris E Forest, Klaus Keller
    Abstract:

    In many coastal communities, the risks driven by Storm Surges are motivating substantial investments in flood risk management. The design of adaptive risk management strategies, however, hinges on the ability to detect future changes in Storm Surge statistics. Previous studies have used observations to identify changes in past Storm Surge statistics. Here, we focus on the simple and decision-relevant question: How fast can we learn from past and potential future Storm Surge observations about changes in future statistics? Using Observing System Simulation Experiments, we quantify the time required to detect changes in the probability of extreme Storm Surge events. We estimate low probabilities of detection when substantial but gradual changes to the 100-year Storm Surge occur. As a result, policy makers may underestimate considerable increases in Storm Surge risk over the typically long lifespans of major infrastructure projects.

Menno Eelkema - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Tomohiro Yasuda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • local amplification of Storm Surge by super typhoon haiyan in leyte gulf
    Geophysical Research Letters, 2014
    Co-Authors: Nobuhito Mori, Sooyoul Kim, Hajime Mase, Masaya Kato, Yoko Shibutani, Tetsuya Takemi, Kazuhisa Tsuboki, Tomohiro Yasuda
    Abstract:

    Typhoon Haiyan, which struck the Philippines in November 2013, was an extremely intense tropical cyclone that had a catastrophic impact. The minimum central pressure of Typhoon Haiyan was 895 hPa, making it the strongest typhoon to make landfall on a major island in the western North Pacific Ocean. The characteristics of Typhoon Haiyan and its related Storm Surge are estimated by numerical experiments using numerical weather prediction models and a Storm Surge model. Based on the analysis of best hindcast results, the Storm Surge level was 5–6 m and local amplification of water surface elevation due to seiche was found to be significant inside Leyte Gulf. The numerical experiments show the coherent structure of the Storm Surge profile due to the specific bathymetry of Leyte Gulf and the Philippines Trench as a major contributor to the disaster in Tacloban. The numerical results also indicated the sensitivity of Storm Surge forecast.

  • evaluation of future Storm Surge risk in east asia based on state of the art climate change projection
    Coastal Engineering, 2014
    Co-Authors: Tomohiro Yasuda, Sota Nakajo, Sooyoul Kim, Hajime Mase, Nobuhito Mori, Kevin Horsburgh
    Abstract:

    The present study evaluates future Storm Surge risk due to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in East Asia. A state-of-the-art atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) outputs are employed as the driving force for simulating Storm Surges associated with the projected changes in climate. The reproducibility of tropical cyclone (TC) characteristics from the GCM in the Northwest Pacific (NWP) is confirmed by comparing with the observed best track data, and future typhoon changes were presented. Storm Surge simulation is carried out for East Asia, with the finest nested domain on the Japanese coast. The probability of maximum Storm Surge heights with specified return periods is determined using extreme value statistics. We show a strong regional dependency on future changes of severe Storm Surges.

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