The Experts below are selected from a list of 297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Xiaojun Tan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Major Schools of Marxist Economics in Japan: History and Contemporary Development
    World Review of Political Economy, 2013
    Co-Authors: Masao Watanabe, Xiaojun Tan
    Abstract:

    Abstract: Marxist economics was introduced into Japan in the 1920s and diverged into several schools. These Marxist schools developed and evolved along with the socio-economic conditions of Japanese society. Japanese Marxism made significant achievements, even though it is facing various difficulties at present. This article offers an account of the formation, development and current quandary of Japanese Marxist economics, so that a comprehensive understanding and overview of Japanese Marxist economics can be obtained.Key words: Japan; Marxist economics; schools; history; current conditionsThe Formation of the Major Schools of Marxist Economics in Pre-war JapanThe earliest schools: the Koza-ha (Symposium School) and Rono-ha (Labor-Peasant School)Japanese schools of Marxist economics were formed in the 1930s in the aftermath of a prolonged debate (Nihon Shihon-syugi Ronso) about the nature and character of "Japanese capitalism" from 1927 to 1938. The debate also played a decisive role in enhancing the prestige of Marxist economics in Japanese academia.The background of this controversy is the 1932 Theses drafted for the Japanese Communist Party by the Comintern. In fact, in the prior 1927 Theses it was deemed that the Strategic Objective of the Japanese Communists at that time should be "bourgeois democratic revolution," and it was asserted that this "bourgeois democratic revolution would be rapidly turned into a socialist revolution." In the draftof the 1931 Political Theses that was issued between those two set theses, however, the target was changed from "bourgeois democratic revolution" to "proletarian revolution broadly embracing bourgeois-democratic responsibilities." But the 1932 Theses issued the following year suddenly turned again to "bourgeois democratic revolution with a tendency to change perforce into a socialist revolution" as its ultimate goal. Under such a process of rapid changes in the Strategic Objectives of the Comintern, Japanese Marxists of the pre-war period eventually accepted the 1932 Theses in order to respond to the Comintern's call for revolutionary struggle, and they began to emphasize the remnants of feudalism in the capitalistic social structure of pre-war Japan. For example, Noro Eitaro (1900-1934) stressed "the absolutism of the Imperial Regime and the semi-feudal landlord system in the rural areas" in his book History of the Development of Japanese Capitalism. On the other hand, Yamada Moritaro (1897-1980) emphasized the historical role played by "semi-feudal land ownership i.e. the scattered farming in semi-serfdom" in pre-war Japan in Analysis of Japanese Capitalism (1934). Hirano Yoshitaro (1897-1980) in his book Japanese Capitalist Social Institutions (1934), highlighted the "material basis" of pre-war Japan, namely, semi-serfdom relationships in terms of land rent, along with its "social basis," namely, the class relations of those engaged in semi-feudalistic and small-scale production in industry and agriculture. Under the editorship of Noro Eitaro, scholars holding this view published Nihon Shihon-shygi Hattatsu-shi Koza (Symposium on the History of the Development of Japanese Capitalism) (Iwanami Shoten, 1932-33); they were later called "Koza-ha" (the Koza School) in academia.Radically opposing the Koza-ha were Inomata Tsunao (1889-1942) and other scholars involved in the journal Rono (Labor-Peasant), such as Yamakawa Hitoshi (1880-1958), Kushida Tamizo (1885-1934), Sakisaka Itsuro (1897-1985) etc. Inomata pointed to the fact that the so-called feudal element of absolutism is no more than "a form of institutional outlook" and mainly exists as "an ideological remnant," which "is losing a material class substance of its own." According to Inomata, "the conflict between the waning forces of absolutism and the entrenched bourgeoisie is not the essential component of the problem today, but rather the 'imperialist bourgeoisie' should be given the priority in Marxist analysis. …

Miodrag Potkonjak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Security of IoT systems: Design challenges and opportunities
    Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 2014
    Co-Authors: Teng Xu, James Bradley Wendt, Xu Teng, Miodrag Potkonjak
    Abstract:

    —Computer-aided design (CAD), in its quest to facil-itate new design revolutions, is again on the brink of changing its scope. Following both historical and recent technological and application trends, one can identify several emerging research and development directions in which CAD approaches and techniques may have major impacts. Among them, due to the potential to fundamentally alter everyday life as well as how science and engineering systems are designed and operated, the Internet of Things (IoT) stands out. IoT also poses an extraordinary system replete with conceptual and technical challenges. For instance, greatly reduced quantitative bounds on acceptable area and energy metrics require qualitative breakthroughs in design and optimization techniques. Most likely the most demanding of requirements for the widespread realization of many IoT visions is security. IoT secu-rity has an exceptionally wide scope in at least four dimensions. In terms of security scope it includes rarely addressed tasks such as trusted sensing, computation, communication, privacy, and digital forgetting. It also asks for new and better techniques for the protection of hardware, software, and data that considers the possibility of physical access to IoT devices. Sensors and actuators are common components of IoT devices and pose several unique security challenges including the integrity of physical signals and actuating events. Finally, during processing of collected data, one can envision many semantic attacks. Our Strategic Objective is to provide an impetus for the development of IoT CAD security techniques. We start by presenting a brief survey of IoT challenges and opportunities with an emphasis on security issues. Next, we discuss the potential of hardware-based IoT security approaches. Finally, we conclude with several case studies that advocate the use of stable PUFs and digital PPUFs for several IoT security protocols.

I B Ushakov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a policy of anticipation as a Strategic Objective of space biology and medicine at the present stage
    Human Physiology, 2013
    Co-Authors: I B Ushakov
    Abstract:

    This article reflects the ongoing debates in Russia regarding paths of innovative development and the role that fundamental science has played in the development of technology critical for national security and for its breakthrough potential. Alternative routes of technical development include variations in priority support for those points of growth, in which Russia has attained and steadily held the leading position, occupying a prominent place in the international division of labor. Russia’s space program is a good example of the successful implementation of a national program and provides a demonstration of the country’s leadership role in this area of human activities. This article presents an analysis of the factors and circumstances in Russia that predetermined, in the early, “Gagarin” period of piloted space flights, its winning of the leading position. They also determined the vector of the development of manned space flight for many years to come. Even taking into account the host of issues with the implementation of the International Space Station (ISS) utilization program and the planning of manned flights to the Moon and Mars, the unique experience of preparations and the conducting of research and tests with humans in space—the enormous groundwork in fundamental biomedical research over the past 50 years of piloted flights—provides the basis for an optimistic prognosis for gaining headway with essentially new, ambitious space projects. The key question is whether the proactive strategy of prioritized development and the affirmation of the role of manned space flights as the most integrated and science-intensive sector of innovative achievement will be realized. The development of the space industry depends upon the answer, not only at the present stage but in the long-term as well, as does the fate of the national fundamental space sciences, an integral part of which is space biomedicine.

  • forestalling policy as a Strategic Objective of space biology and medicine at the present time point
    Aerospace and environmental medicine, 2011
    Co-Authors: I B Ushakov
    Abstract:

    The article ushers into the acrimonious debates about paths of innovative development and criticality of fundamental sciences in technological progress for Russia security, and breakthrough potential. Among the alternative routes of technical development are different forms of priority boost of growing points in which Russia has attained and held steadily the leading position occupying a prominent segment in the international division of labor. Space effort of Russia gives a model example of successful implementation of the national program and demonstrates leadership in this area of human activities. The article presents analysis of the factors and circumstances that predetermined the winning in the early, Gagarin's period of piloted space flights of the forefront position of the country as well as the vector of cosmonautics' advance for many years ahead Despite the host of issues with implementation of the ISS utilization program and planning of exploration missions to the Moon and Mars, the unique experience of preparations and carrying out investigations and tests with humans in space, the enormous groundwork in fundamental biomedical researches over the past 50 years of piloted flights allow optimistic prognosis of gaining headway with essentially new ambitious space projects. The key question is whether the forestalling policy of priority development of piloted cosmonautics as the most integrated and science intensive sector of innovation techniques will be realized. The answer will guide near- and long-term future of the space industry and, consequently, the fortune of national fundamental space sciences, space biomedicine being its part and parcel.

Gao Liying - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Mostafa Zandieh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A new approach to Strategic Objectives ranking based on fuzzy logarithmic least squares method and fuzzy similarity technique
    Operations Research Perspectives, 2019
    Co-Authors: Ehsan Khanmohammadi, Behnam Malmir, Hossein Safari, Mostafa Zandieh
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this paper, we discuss the ratings of Strategic Objectives in a strategy map. In order to have a more useful strategy map and also improve efficiency in the stage of strategy implementation, the significance level of the Strategic Objective in a Strategic map must be determined. In the current study, Objectives have been ranked based on Strategic destinations, employing a combination of the fuzzy logarithmic least squares method and fuzzy similarity techniques. First, the former is used to obtain the weight of Strategic destinations, and then the Objectives are ranked through the latter. For this purpose, a company is selected to implement the proposed model with the collaboration of its senior management. The results of the case study indicate that the most important Strategic Objectives of this company fall under the aspect of learning and growth, helping the company the most to achieve its Strategic destinations in this regard.