The Experts below are selected from a list of 25461 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Scott M Monroe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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severe melancholic depression is more vulnerable than non melancholic depression to minor precipitating life Events
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2006Co-Authors: Kate L Harkness, Scott M MonroeAbstract:Background: The present study examines the moderating role of global depression severity on the relation of melancholic versus non-melancholic depression to severe and non-severe levels of stress. Method: A community sample of 50 women with unipolar major depressive disorder, of which 54% met Research Diagnostic Criteria for melancholic depression, were interviewed regarding Stressful life Events experienced prior to onset. Events were coded as severe or non-severe based on the rigorous Bedford College contextual rating system. Results: Greater severity of depression was related to a higher likelihood of a severely Stressful Event prior to onset only for women with non-melancholic major depression. By contrast, greater severity of depression was related to a higher likelihood of a non-severe, more minor, Stressful Event prior to onset only for women with melancholic major depression. Limitations: The present study was limited by its use of a female volunteer sample, which might not be entirely representative of the population of individuals with major depression. In addition, the study employed a cross-sectional design, which limits conclusions relating to the causal relation of stress to melancholic versus non-melancholic depression. Conclusions: Far from being autonomous of stress, individuals with severe melancholic depression may be especially sensitive to stress, such that their episodes are influenced by more minor stressors than those of individuals with non-melancholic depression.
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Severe melancholic depression is more vulnerable than non-melancholic depression to minor precipitating life Events.
Journal of affective disorders, 2006Co-Authors: Kate L Harkness, Scott M MonroeAbstract:The present study examines the moderating role of global depression severity on the relation of melancholic versus non-melancholic depression to severe and non-severe levels of stress. A community sample of 50 women with unipolar major depressive disorder, of which 54% met Research Diagnostic Criteria for melancholic depression, were interviewed regarding Stressful life Events experienced prior to onset. Events were coded as severe or non-severe based on the rigorous Bedford College contextual rating system. Greater severity of depression was related to a higher likelihood of a severely Stressful Event prior to onset only for women with non-melancholic major depression. By contrast, greater severity of depression was related to a higher likelihood of a non-severe, more minor, Stressful Event prior to onset only for women with melancholic major depression. The present study was limited by its use of a female volunteer sample, which might not be entirely representative of the population of individuals with major depression. In addition, the study employed a cross-sectional design, which limits conclusions relating to the causal relation of stress to melancholic versus non-melancholic depression. Far from being autonomous of stress, individuals with severe melancholic depression may be especially sensitive to stress, such that their episodes are influenced by more minor stressors than those of individuals with non-melancholic depression.
Kate L Harkness - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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severe melancholic depression is more vulnerable than non melancholic depression to minor precipitating life Events
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2006Co-Authors: Kate L Harkness, Scott M MonroeAbstract:Background: The present study examines the moderating role of global depression severity on the relation of melancholic versus non-melancholic depression to severe and non-severe levels of stress. Method: A community sample of 50 women with unipolar major depressive disorder, of which 54% met Research Diagnostic Criteria for melancholic depression, were interviewed regarding Stressful life Events experienced prior to onset. Events were coded as severe or non-severe based on the rigorous Bedford College contextual rating system. Results: Greater severity of depression was related to a higher likelihood of a severely Stressful Event prior to onset only for women with non-melancholic major depression. By contrast, greater severity of depression was related to a higher likelihood of a non-severe, more minor, Stressful Event prior to onset only for women with melancholic major depression. Limitations: The present study was limited by its use of a female volunteer sample, which might not be entirely representative of the population of individuals with major depression. In addition, the study employed a cross-sectional design, which limits conclusions relating to the causal relation of stress to melancholic versus non-melancholic depression. Conclusions: Far from being autonomous of stress, individuals with severe melancholic depression may be especially sensitive to stress, such that their episodes are influenced by more minor stressors than those of individuals with non-melancholic depression.
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Severe melancholic depression is more vulnerable than non-melancholic depression to minor precipitating life Events.
Journal of affective disorders, 2006Co-Authors: Kate L Harkness, Scott M MonroeAbstract:The present study examines the moderating role of global depression severity on the relation of melancholic versus non-melancholic depression to severe and non-severe levels of stress. A community sample of 50 women with unipolar major depressive disorder, of which 54% met Research Diagnostic Criteria for melancholic depression, were interviewed regarding Stressful life Events experienced prior to onset. Events were coded as severe or non-severe based on the rigorous Bedford College contextual rating system. Greater severity of depression was related to a higher likelihood of a severely Stressful Event prior to onset only for women with non-melancholic major depression. By contrast, greater severity of depression was related to a higher likelihood of a non-severe, more minor, Stressful Event prior to onset only for women with melancholic major depression. The present study was limited by its use of a female volunteer sample, which might not be entirely representative of the population of individuals with major depression. In addition, the study employed a cross-sectional design, which limits conclusions relating to the causal relation of stress to melancholic versus non-melancholic depression. Far from being autonomous of stress, individuals with severe melancholic depression may be especially sensitive to stress, such that their episodes are influenced by more minor stressors than those of individuals with non-melancholic depression.
Robert C Malenka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Synaptic Plasticity: Multiple Forms, Functions, and Mechanisms
Neuropsychopharmacology, 2008Co-Authors: Ami Citri, Robert C MalenkaAbstract:Experiences, whether they be learning in a classroom, a Stressful Event, or ingestion of a psychoactive substance, impact the brain by modifying the activity and organization of specific neural circuitry. A major mechanism by which the neural activity generated by an experience modifies brain function is via modifications of synaptic transmission; that is, synaptic plasticity. Here, we review current understanding of the mechanisms of the major forms of synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses in the mammalian brain. We also provide examples of the possible developmental and behavioral functions of synaptic plasticity and how maladaptive synaptic plasticity may contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders.
Bundy Mackintosh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reducing analogue trauma symptoms by computerized reappraisal training considering a cognitive prophylaxis
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 2013Co-Authors: Marcella L Woud, Peggy Postma, Emily A Holmes, Bundy MackintoshAbstract:Background and objectives Distressing intrusions are a hallmark of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Dysfunctional appraisal of these symptoms may exacerbate the disorder, and conversely may lead to further intrusive memories. This raises the intriguing possibility that learning to ‘reappraise’ potential symptoms more functionally may protect against such symptoms. Woud, Holmes, Postma, Dalgleish, and Mackintosh (2012) found that ‘reappraisal training’ when delivered after an analogue Stressful Event reduced later intrusive memories and other posttraumatic symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate whether reappraisal training administered before a Stressful Event is also beneficial.
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ameliorating intrusive memories of distressing experiences using computerized reappraisal training
Emotion, 2012Co-Authors: Marcella L Woud, Peggy Postma, Emily A Holmes, Tim Dalgleish, Bundy MackintoshAbstract:The types of appraisals that follow traumatic experiences have been linked to the emergence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Could changing reappraisals following a Stressful Event reduce the emergence of PTSD symptoms? The present proof-of-principle study examined whether a nonexplicit, systematic computerized training in reappraisal style following a Stressful Event (a highly distressing film) could reduce intrusive memories of the film, and symptoms associated with posttraumatic distress over the subsequent week. Participants were trained to adopt a generally positive or negative poststressor appraisal style using a series of scripted vignettes after having been exposed to highly distressing film clips. The training targeted self-efficacy beliefs and reappraisals of secondary emotions (emotions in response to the emotional reactions elicited by the film). Successful appraisal induction was verified using novel vignettes and via change scores on the Post Traumatic Cognitions Inventory. Compared with those trained negatively, those trained positively reported in a diary fewer intrusive memories of the film during the subsequent week, and lower scores on the Impact of Event Scale (a widely used measure of posttraumatic stress symptoms). Results support the use of computerized, nonexplicit, reappraisal training after a Stressful Event has occurred and provide a platform for future translational studies with clinical populations that have experienced significant real-world stress or trauma.
Laurent Groc - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stress hormones and ampa receptor trafficking in synaptic plasticity and memory
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2010Co-Authors: Harmen J Krugers, Casper C. Hoogenraad, Laurent GrocAbstract:The acquisition and consolidation of memories of Stressful Events is modulated by glucocorticoids, a type of corticosteroid hormone that is released in high levels from the adrenal glands after exposure to a Stressful Event. These effects occur through activation of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). The molecular mechanisms that underlie the effects of glucocorticoids on synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory have recently begun to be identified. Glucocorticoids regulate AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate) receptor trafficking — which is crucially involved in synaptic transmission and plasticity — both rapidly and persistently. Stress hormones may, through modulation of AMPA receptor function, promote the consolidation of behaviourally relevant information.
