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Fereidoon Shahidi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characterization of lipids in three species of sea urchin
Food Chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Xin Zhou, Jiang-hua Zhang, Xiao-pei Hu, Ting Lu, Da Yong Zhou, Qi Zhao, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:Abstract Sea urchin gonad has been regarded as a “healthy” food. Although previous studies have suggested that sea urchin gonad might serve as a potential rich source of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) enriched phospholipid (PL), the molecular species profile of its PL has rarely been reported. In this study, about 200 molecular species of glycerophospholipid (GP), including glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoethanolamine, glycerophosphoserine, glycerophosphoinositol, lysoglycerophosphocholine and lysoglycerophosphoethanolamine, in gonads from three species of sea urchin (Glyptocidaris crenularis, Strongylocentrotus intermedius and Strongylocentrotus nudus) were characterized using tandem mass spectrometry. Most of the predominant GP molecular species contained PUFA, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Meanwhile, the sea urchin lipids contained a high proportion of PL (39.45–50.30% of total lipids) and PUFA (34.47–46.56% of total FA). Among PL, phosphatidylcholine (67.88–72.58 mol%) was dominant. Considering the high level of PUFA enriched GP, sea urchin gonads provide great potential as health-promoting food for human consumption.
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chemical composition of shells from red Strongylocentrotus franciscanus and green Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis sea urchin
Food Chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Ryszard Amarowicz, Jozef Synowiecki, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:Abstract The shells from red and green sea urchins accounted for 47.9 and 40.7% of their body weights, respectively. The red and green sea urchin shells contained 91.08 and 90.77% minerals and 4.06 and 4.99% proteins, respectively. The shells did not contain any chitin. Sea urchin shells had a relatively large amount of naphthoquinone pigments, 121 mg per 100 g in red and 163 mg per 100 g in green species. The small quantities of glucosamine detected (20 mg/g in red and 25 mg/g in green sea urchins) originated from mucopolysaccharides present in a layer of connective tissues attached to the shells. Using EI–MS spinochromes A, B, C, and D were found in fractions of naphthoquinone pigments separated from shells of green sea urchin by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The presence of the molecular ion of spinochrome D in its mass spectrum of well separated fractions V–VII may suggest that this compound can appear as a complex with organic compounds and could be a derivative of benzene dicarboxylic acid.
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sephadex lh 20 separation of pigments from shells of red sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus
Food Chemistry, 1994Co-Authors: Ryszard Amarowicz, Jozef Synowiecki, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:Abstract Extracts of shells of red sea urchin ( Strongylocentrotus franciscanus ) in diethyl ether were separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Methanol was used as eluting solvent. Seven fractions were separated, the first four of which did not absorb in the visible range. The last three fractions, which were coloured, are attributed to spinochrome B, echinochrome A and spinochrome E.
Yukio Agatsuma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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chapter 29 Strongylocentrotus nudus
Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, 2013Co-Authors: Yukio AgatsumaAbstract:Strongylocentrotus nudus is a dominant sea urchin species in the north west Pacific. They recruit on coralline flats and migrate to kelp forests when one year old or older. Somatic and gonadal growth is supported by brown macroalgae. Strongylocentrotus nudus forms high population densities that can result in over-grazing. Its high growth rate, great longevity, high reproductive efforts, reproduction after a period of maximum feeding, and growth responses to food availability are characteristics of a competitive species.
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Chapter 29 – Strongylocentrotus nudus
Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, 2013Co-Authors: Yukio AgatsumaAbstract:Strongylocentrotus nudus is a dominant sea urchin species in the north west Pacific. They recruit on coralline flats and migrate to kelp forests when one year old or older. Somatic and gonadal growth is supported by brown macroalgae. Strongylocentrotus nudus forms high population densities that can result in over-grazing. Its high growth rate, great longevity, high reproductive efforts, reproduction after a period of maximum feeding, and growth responses to food availability are characteristics of a competitive species.
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Chapter 28 - Strongylocentrotus intermedius
Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, 2013Co-Authors: Yukio AgatsumaAbstract:Strongylocentrotus intermedius is adapted to cold waters. As with other strongylocentrotids, it feeds mainly on kelp. Populations in the eastern Pacific Ocean and Sea of Okhotsk differ from those in the Sea of Japan. Current recruitment is high in the Sea of Okhotsk and is poor in the Sea of Japan and Pacific Ocean. Ecological and genetic studies should be done to investigate the differences between these populations for their conservation, sustainable fishery production, and aquaculture.
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Chapter 21 Ecology of Strongylocentrotus nudus
Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, 2007Co-Authors: Yukio AgatsumaAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter describes the ecology of Strongylocentrotus nudus ( S. nudus ). It is a dominant sea-urchin species in the northwest Pacific and is found on intertidal and subtidal rocky sea bottoms. The habitats of recruits and adults differ. They recruit onto coralline flats and migrate to kelp forests when one year old or greater. Somatic and gonadal growth is supported by brown macroalgae. S. nudus forms extremely high population densities that result in overgrazing. The gonadal development of the adults is classified into five stages: recovery, growth, prematuration, maturation, and spent. Its high growth rate, great longevity, high reproductive efforts, reproduction after a period of maximum feeding and growth responses to food availability, are the characteristics of a competitive species. The larvae of S. nudus appear during September and October, reaching a maximum density of hundreds to thousands of individuals per cubic meter. The amount of food intake differs with the type of algae and is greatly affected by secondary metabolites.
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Chapter 20 Ecology of Strongylocentrotus intermedius
Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, 2007Co-Authors: Yukio AgatsumaAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter describes the ecology of Strongylocentrotus intermedius ( S. intermedius ). It is found commonly on the rocky bottom in shallow waters around Hokkaido. It is harvested commercially in Iwate, Aomori, and Hokkaido, Japan. The roe flesh is eaten mainly as sashimi and sushi and is served in a bowl with rice. Salted raw urchin is a familiar food in Hokkaido. The gametogenic process is classified into five stages: recovery, growth, prematuration, maturation, and spent. S. intermedius, artificially produced from adults from the Sea of Japan and transplanted to the Pacific and eastern Tsugaru Strait coastal waters, maintains its own fixed reproductive cycle. The successive changes in distribution of each developmental stage are greatly influenced by seasonal current strength and direction. The principal food of S. intermedius in the field is algae. The efficiency of growth is expressed as the percentage of the energy consumed that is used for production or the percentage of energy absorbed that is converted into production. The somatic growth of S. intermedius is affected by the kind and quantity of marine algae.
Eric H. Davidson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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LiCl Perturbs Ectodermal Veg1Lineage Allocations inStrongylocentrotus purpuratusEmbryos
Developmental Biology, 1997Co-Authors: R. Andrew Cameron, Eric H. DavidsonAbstract:In normal development the veg_1 tier of the sixth cleavage Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryo contributes progeny to both ectodermal lineages and portions of the archenteron. Treatment with 18 mM LiCl specifically affects this lineage allocation, reducing or eliminating the veg_1 contribution to ectoderm. Less frequently this concentration of lithium causes the progeny of animal blastomeres to contribute to the archenteron.
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LiCl perturbs ectodermal veg1 lineage allocations in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos.
Developmental biology, 1997Co-Authors: R. Andrew Cameron, Eric H. DavidsonAbstract:In normal development the veg_1 tier of the sixth cleavage Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryo contributes progeny to both ectodermal lineages and portions of the archenteron. Treatment with 18 mM LiCl specifically affects this lineage allocation, reducing or eliminating the veg_1 contribution to ectoderm. Less frequently this concentration of lithium causes the progeny of animal blastomeres to contribute to the archenteron.
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Comparison of the bindin proteins of Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, S. purpuratus, and Lytechinus variegatus: sequences involved in the species specificity of fertilization.
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 1991Co-Authors: Joseph E. Minor, David R. Fromson, Roy J. Britten, Eric H. DavidsonAbstract:Bindin is the sea urchin sperm acrosomal protein that is responsible for the species-specific adhesion of the sperm to the egg. Two new bindin cDNA sequences that contain the entire open reading frame for the binding precursor are reported: one for Strongylocentrotus franciscanus and one for Lytechinus variegatus. Both contain inverted repetitive sequences in their 3' untranslated regions, and the S. franciscanus cDNA contains an inverted repetitive sequence match between the 5' untranslated region and the coding region. The middle third of the mature bindin sequence is highly conserved in all three species, and the flanking sequences share short repeated sequences that vary in number between the species. Cross-fertilization data are reported for the species S. purpuratus, S. franciscanus, L. variegatus, and L. pictus. A barrier to cross-fertilization exists between the sympatric Strongylocentrotus species, but there is no barrier between the allopatric Lytechinus species.
Don R Levitan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Polymorphic microsatellite loci from the red urchin, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, with comments on heterozygote deficit
Molecular Ecology Notes, 2004Co-Authors: Michael A. Mccartney, Kathryn J. Brayer, Don R LevitanAbstract:Strongylocentrotus sea urchins are common subjects for studies in developmental and cell biology, reproductive biology, ecology, and evolution. We report 14 microsatellite loci from the red urchin, S. franciscanus , isolated for the purpose of estimating paternal success of males in experimental group spawns. Most of these loci were found to be highly polymorphic in a population from British Columbia. A high frequency of null alleles appears responsible for heterozygote deficit at a majority of these loci, but if used with appropriate caution, these microsatellites should be effective markers for studies of Strongylocentrotus populations.
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the importance of sperm limitation to the evolution of egg size in marine invertebrates
The American Naturalist, 1993Co-Authors: Don R LevitanAbstract:Interspecific variation in egg size of marine invertebrates has been previously explained by a trade-off between gamete quality and quantity: the production of many small eggs with high mortality or fewer large eggs that develop quickly and experience reduced planktonic mortality. This theory assumes 100% fertilization of eggs and predicts that either strategy results in a similar number of settling offspring per unit of energy invested in reproduction. Empirical support for the theory has been equivocal. Here I offer an alternative hypothesis: larger eggs present a larger target for sperm and thus are fertilized at a higher rate. This theory suggests a trade-off between the production of many small eggs with a low probability of fertilization or fewer large eggs with a higher probability of fertilization. This hypothesis is tested with three congeneric sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, and Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, with a fivefold difference in egg volu...
Trine Dale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of temperature and season on gonad growth and feed intake in the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)
Aquaculture, 2006Co-Authors: Sten I. Siikavuopio, Jørgen S. Christiansen, Trine DaleAbstract:Papers number 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the thesis are not available in Munin due to publishers' restrictions: 1. Siikavuopio, S. I., Mortensen. A., Christiansen, J. S.: "Effects of body weight and temperature on feeding, gonad growth and oxygen consumption in green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis." Aquaculture 2008; 281, 77-82 (Elsevier). Available at http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016j.aquaculture.2008.05.033>2. Siikavuopio, S. I., Christiansen, J.S., Dale, T.: "Effects of temperature and season on gonad growth and feed intake in the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)." Aquaculture 2006; 255, 389-394 (Elsevier). Available at http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org10.1016j.aquaculture.2005.12.0213. Siikavuopio, S. I., Christiansen, J. S., Sæther, B-S., Dale, T.: "Seasonal variation in feed intake under constant temperature and natural photoperiod in the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)." Aquaculture 2006; 272, 328-334 (Elsevier). Available at http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.09.0035. Siikavuopio, S. I., Dale, T., Foss, A., Mortensen, A.: "Effects of chronic ammonia exposure on gonad growth and survival in green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis." Aquaculture 2004; 242, 313-320 (Elsevier). Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016j.aquaculture.2004.08.0426. Siikavuopio, S. I., Dale, T., Christiansen, J. S., Nevermo, I.: " Effects of chronic nitrite exposure on gonad growth in green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis." Aquaculture 2004; 242, 357-363 (Elsevier). Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.09.0077. Siikavuopio, S. I., Dale, T., Mortensen, A., Foss, A.: " Effects of hypoxia on feed intake and gonad growth in the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)." Aquaculture 2007; 266, 112-116 (Elsevier). Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016j.aquaculture.2007.02.0288. Siikavuopio, S. I., Mortensen, A., Dale, T., Foss, A.: " Effects of carbon dioxide exposure on feed intake and gonad growth in green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)." Aquaculture 2007; 266, 97-101 (Elsevier).Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.02.0449. Siikavuopio, S. I., Dale, T., Mortensen, A.: " The effects of stocking density on gonad growth, survival and feed intake of adult green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)." Aquaculture 2007; 262, 78-85 (Elsevier). Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.09.04510. Christiansen, J. S., Siikavuopio, S. I.: "The relationship between feed intake and gonad growth of single and stocked green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) in a raceway culture." Aquaculture 2007; 262, 163-167 (Elsevier). Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.09.043Ved hjelp av eksperimentelle studier har en undersøkt effekten av ulike miljøfaktorer på gonadevekst hos Drøbak-kråkebolle i oppdrett. Dette inkluderer effekten av temperatur, størrelse, sesong, individtetthet og forskjellige vannkvalitetsparametre (O2, CO2, nitritt, ammoniakk) og håndtering på overlevelse, gonadevekst, fôrinntak og fôrutnyttelse. Optimal temperatur for gonadevekst hos voksne kråkeboller ligger mellom 10 og 12 ºC om sommeren og ca 8 ºC om vinteren. Temperaturer over 12 ºC gir redusert vekst og fôrutnyttelse. Studiene viser at Drøbak-kråkebollen har lav toleranse for CO2, nitritt og ammoniakk sammenliknet med laksefisk. Forhøyede nivåer av disse stoffene medfører redusert gonadevekst, mens fôrinntaket blir lite påvirket. Dette resulterer i svært dårlig fôrutnyttelse. Kråkebollene har lavt oksygenforbruk, men er likevel svært følsomme for reduksjoner i vannets oksygeninnhold. Disse forholdene tilsier at kråkeboller i oppdrett krever stor vannutskifting for å opprettholde maksimal gonadevekst. For høy individtetthet i oppdrett medfører også nedsatt gonadevekst. Arbeidet omfatter en kartlegging av akseptabel tetthet for kråkebolle i oppdrett
