The Experts below are selected from a list of 40101 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ilia Farahani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spatial inequality in Tehran, a Structural Explanation
Urban Research & Practice, 2019Co-Authors: Shadi Yousefi, Ilia FarahaniAbstract:The study presents a political economic analysis of spatial inequality in Tehran focusing on four sectors of social reproduction, namely, housing, healthcare, education, and transportation. The stu...
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Socio-spatial inequality in Tehran, a Structural Explanation
2019Co-Authors: Shadi Yousefi, Ilia FarahaniAbstract:The study presents a political economic analysis of socio-spatial inequality in Tehran focusing on four sectors of social reproduction, namely, housing, healthcare, education, and transportation. The existing analyses of socio-spatial inequality in Tehran by Iranian social scientists see the problem as a technical matter and criticize e.g. bad planning, poor policy-making, undemocratic state, and corruption. Political economic structures behind the inequalities, however, have not been addressed. Two theoretical models are discussed. Model 1 is derived from the existing analyses by prominent Iranian social scientists discussed above. Model 2 is derived from the works by political economic geographers such as David Harvey. The paper maintains that the urbanization processes, aside from being planetary in character, are highly variegated in historical and geographical contexts. The paper, therefore, proposes a dialectical approach for analysis. Using a modified version of Model 2, the paper argues socio-spatial inequality in the city is rooted in peculiarities of Iranian capitalism. Low productivity in the manufacturing sector requires lowering the value of labor power in order to maintain profit. Prolonging the working day and cutting wages have reached their biophysical limits for the labor and investment in urban space and built environments is a resulting strategy for the rent-seeking capitalists. Iranian marketized state performs as a facilitator (rather than a regulator) in urbanization process. The study also discusses the role of luxury market in neutralizing the anticipated negative feedback mechanism of low social demand. (Less)
Nadya Vasilyeva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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explaining injustice in speech individualistic vs Structural Explanation
Cognitive Science, 2015Co-Authors: Saray Ayala, Nadya VasilyevaAbstract:Implicit bias has recently gained much attention in scholarly attempts to understand and explain different forms of social injustice by identifying causally relevant mental states in individual’ minds. Here we question the explanatory power of implicit bias in a particular type of injustice, testimonial injustice, and more generally in what we call speech injustice. Testimonial injustice occurs when the audience deflates a speaker’s credibility due to the speaker’s perceived social identity (Fricker, 2007). We identify two drawbacks of a widely accepted Explanation attributing testimonial injustice to prejudices (e.g. implicit bias) in the mind of the hearer, and argue that further understanding of this phenomenon can be gained from a Structural Explanation that appeals to discursive conventions and interlocutors’ positions in the communicative exchange.
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CogSci - Explaining Injustice in Speech: Individualistic vs. Structural Explanation.
Cognitive Science, 2015Co-Authors: Saray Ayala, Nadya VasilyevaAbstract:Implicit bias has recently gained much attention in scholarly attempts to understand and explain different forms of social injustice by identifying causally relevant mental states in individual’ minds. Here we question the explanatory power of implicit bias in a particular type of injustice, testimonial injustice, and more generally in what we call speech injustice. Testimonial injustice occurs when the audience deflates a speaker’s credibility due to the speaker’s perceived social identity (Fricker, 2007). We identify two drawbacks of a widely accepted Explanation attributing testimonial injustice to prejudices (e.g. implicit bias) in the mind of the hearer, and argue that further understanding of this phenomenon can be gained from a Structural Explanation that appeals to discursive conventions and interlocutors’ positions in the communicative exchange.
Sally Haslanger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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What is a (social) Structural Explanation
Philosophical Studies, 2015Co-Authors: Sally HaslangerAbstract:A philosophically useful account of social structure must accommodate the fact that social structures play an important role in Structural Explanation. But what is a Structural Explanation? How do Structural Explanations function in the social sciences? This paper offers a way of thinking about Structural Explanation and sketches an account of social structure that connects social structures with Structural Explanation.
Jamie H D Cate - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Structural basis for aminoglycoside inhibition of bacterial ribosome recycling
Nature Structural and Molecular Biology, 2007Co-Authors: Maria A. Borovinskaya, Raj D. Pai, Go Hirokawa, B S Schuwirth, Hideko Kaji, Akira Kaji, James M. Holton, Wen Zhang, Jamie H D CateAbstract:Aminoglycosides are widely used antibiotics that cause messenger RNA decoding errors, block mRNA and transfer RNA translocation, and inhibit ribosome recycling. Ribosome recycling follows the termination of protein synthesis and is aided by ribosome recycling factor (RRF) in bacteria. The molecular mechanism by which aminoglycosides inhibit ribosome recycling is unknown. Here we show in X-ray crystal structures of the Escherichia coli 70S ribosome that RRF binding causes RNA helix H69 of the large ribosomal subunit, which is crucial for subunit association, to swing away from the subunit interface. Aminoglycosides bind to H69 and completely restore the contacts between ribosomal subunits that are disrupted by RRF. These results provide a Structural Explanation for aminoglycoside inhibition of ribosome recycling.
Shadi Yousefi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spatial inequality in Tehran, a Structural Explanation
Urban Research & Practice, 2019Co-Authors: Shadi Yousefi, Ilia FarahaniAbstract:The study presents a political economic analysis of spatial inequality in Tehran focusing on four sectors of social reproduction, namely, housing, healthcare, education, and transportation. The stu...
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Socio-spatial inequality in Tehran, a Structural Explanation
2019Co-Authors: Shadi Yousefi, Ilia FarahaniAbstract:The study presents a political economic analysis of socio-spatial inequality in Tehran focusing on four sectors of social reproduction, namely, housing, healthcare, education, and transportation. The existing analyses of socio-spatial inequality in Tehran by Iranian social scientists see the problem as a technical matter and criticize e.g. bad planning, poor policy-making, undemocratic state, and corruption. Political economic structures behind the inequalities, however, have not been addressed. Two theoretical models are discussed. Model 1 is derived from the existing analyses by prominent Iranian social scientists discussed above. Model 2 is derived from the works by political economic geographers such as David Harvey. The paper maintains that the urbanization processes, aside from being planetary in character, are highly variegated in historical and geographical contexts. The paper, therefore, proposes a dialectical approach for analysis. Using a modified version of Model 2, the paper argues socio-spatial inequality in the city is rooted in peculiarities of Iranian capitalism. Low productivity in the manufacturing sector requires lowering the value of labor power in order to maintain profit. Prolonging the working day and cutting wages have reached their biophysical limits for the labor and investment in urban space and built environments is a resulting strategy for the rent-seeking capitalists. Iranian marketized state performs as a facilitator (rather than a regulator) in urbanization process. The study also discusses the role of luxury market in neutralizing the anticipated negative feedback mechanism of low social demand. (Less)
