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Kathryn J. Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of facial nerve axotomy on th2 associated and th1 associated chemokine mrna expression in the facial motor nucleus of wild type and presymptomatic sod1 mice
Journal of neurodegeneration & regeneration, 2009Co-Authors: Derek A Wainwright, Virginia M Sanders, Nichole A Mesnard, Junping Xin, Kathryn J. JonesAbstract:The authors have previously demonstrated a neuroprotective mechanism of facial motoneuron (FMN) survival after facial nerve transection that is dependent on CD4(+)T helper 2 (Th2) cell interactions with peripheral antigen presenting cells, as well as central nervous system (CNS) resident microglia. Pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide is expressed by injured FMN and increases Th2-associated chemokine expression in cultured murine microglia. Collectively, these data suggest a model involving CD4(+) Th2 cell migration to the facial motor nucleus after injury via microglial expression of Th2-associated chemokines. In this study, the authors tested the hypothesis that Th2-associated chemokine expression occurs in the facial motor nucleus after facial nerve axotomy at the Stylomastoid Foramen. Initial microarray analysis of Th2-associated and Th1-associated chemokine mRNA levels was accomplished after facial nerve axotomy in wild type (WT) and presymptomatic mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (mSOD1) [model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)] mice. Based on that initial microarray analysis, the Th2-associated chemokine, CCL11, and Th1-associated chemokine, CXCL11, were further analyzed by RT-PCR. The results indicate that facial nerve injury predominantly increases Th2-associated chemokine, but not Th1-associated chemokine mRNA levels in the mouse facial motor nucleus. Interestingly, no differences were detected between WT and mSOD1 mice for CCL11 and CXCL11 after injury. These data provide a basis for further investigation into Th2-associated chemokine expression in the facial motor nucleus after FMN injury, which may lead to more specifically targeted therapeutics in motoneuron diseases, such as ALS.
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electrical stimulation facilitates rat facial nerve recovery from a crush injury
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2008Co-Authors: Devyani Lal, Kathryn J. Jones, Laura Hetzler, Nijee Sharma, Robert D Wurster, Sam J Marzo, Eileen M FoeckingAbstract:ObjectiveTo study the effect of electrical stimulation on accelerating facial nerve functional recovery from a crush injury in the rat model.Study DesignExperimental.MethodThe main trunk of the right facial nerve was crushed just distal to the Stylomastoid Foramen, causing right-sided facial paralysis in 17 Sprague-Dawley rats. An electrode apparatus was implanted in all rats. Nine rats underwent electrical stimulation and eight were sham stimulated until complete facial nerve recovery. Facial nerve function was assessed daily by grading eyeblink reflex, vibrissae orientation, and vibrissae movement.ResultsAn electrical stimulation model of the rat facial nerve following axotomy was established. The semi-eyeblink returned significantly earlier (3.71 + 0.97 vs 9.57 + 1.86 days post axotomy) in stimulated rats (P = 0.008). Stimulated rats also recovered all functions earlier, and showed less variability in recovery time.ConclusionElectrical stimulation initiates and accelerates facial nerve recovery in the ...
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gonadal steroid attenuation of developing hamster facial motoneuron loss by axotomy equal efficacy of testosterone dihydrotestosterone and 17 β estradiol
The Journal of Neuroscience, 2005Co-Authors: Christopher B Huppenbauer, Lisa Tanzer, Lydia L. Doncarlos, Kathryn J. JonesAbstract:In the hamster facial nerve injury paradigm, we have established that androgens enhance both functional recovery from facial nerve paralysis and the rate of regeneration in the adult, through intrinsic effects on the nerve cell body response to injury and via an androgen receptor (AR)-mediated mechanism. Whether these therapeutic effects of gonadal steroids encompass neuroprotection from axotomy-induced cell death is the focus of the present study. Virtually 100% of adult hamster facial motoneurons (FMNs) survive axotomy at the Stylomastoid Foramen (SMF), whereas, before postnatal day 15 (P15), developing FMNs undergo substantial axotomy-induced cell death. The first part of the present study focuses on determining when ARs are first expressed in developing hamster FMNs. Using AR immunocytochemistry, it was found that males express ARs by P2 and females by P4, which is the earliest demonstration of AR expression in mammalian motoneurons reported thus far in the literature. The second half examines the neuroprotective effects of testosterone propionate, 17-β estradiol, and dihydrotestosterone on FMNs of P7 hamsters after facial nerve transection at the SMF. The results demonstrate that androgens and estrogens are equally able to rescue ∼20% of FMNs from axotomy-induced cell death, with the effects permanent. This study is the first to investigate the effects of both androgens and estrogens on axotomy-induced cell death in one system and, with our previously published work, to validate the hamster FMN injury paradigm as a model of choice in the investigation of both neurotherapeutic and neuroprotective actions of gonadal steroids.
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differential effects of facial nerve transection on heat shock protein 70 expression in the developing and adult hamster facial nucleus
Metabolic Brain Disease, 1998Co-Authors: Geraldine A Newfry, Kathryn J. JonesAbstract:In this study, the effects of axotomy on heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) protein levels were analyzed by immunoblotting with a hsp70 antibody that recognized constitutive and inducible forms of the protein. The right facial nerve of postnatal day 4 (neonate) or 100 (adult) hamsters was transected at its exit from the Stylomastoid Foramen, with the left nerve serving as internal control. Postoperative survival times were 2, 6, 12, and 24 h, with 3 animals per time point. Tissue punches containing individual facial nuclear groups were collected and homogenized. Approximately 10 microg of total protein was loaded onto paired gels and electrophoretically separated. Immunoblots of one gel from each pair were prepared, with the other gel stained in 0.2% Coomassie blue and used for verification of equality of lane loading. The results indicate that hsp70 protein levels increase in the adult, but decrease in the neonate, after axotomy. It is concluded that a stress response to cellular damage is an initial component of the classically described "axon reaction" and that hsp70 plays a role in mediating motoneuron survival after peripheral nerve transection.
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recovery from facial paralysis following crush injury of the facial nerve in hamsters differential effects of gender and androgen exposure
Experimental Neurology, 1993Co-Authors: Kathryn J. JonesAbstract:In recent studies, we have shown that administration of androgens to male hamsters enhances functional recovery from facial paralysis induced by facial nerve crush at the level of the Stylomastoid Foramen. Furthermore, we have established that the mechanism behind this enhancement of regeneration involves an acceleration of the rate of regeneration, without a shortening in the delay of sprout formation. From those studies, several unexpected findings of inherent sex differences emerged. First, intact (nongonadectomized) females have a faster facial nerve regeneration rate than males and, second, testosterone has a less dramatic effect on the rate of regeneration in females compared to males. In the present study, we explored these novel findings of sex differences in the response of motor neurons to injury. Adult intact female hamsters were subjected to right facial nerve crush axotomy at the level of Stylomastoid Foramen and either implanted with two or four silastic capsules containing 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, or sham-implanted for controls. A group of adult intact male hamsters was also subjected to right facial nerve crush axotomy. Animals were observed daily, beginning on Day 1 postoperatively and continuing throughout a 3-week recovery period for signs of functional recovery from facial paralysis. The average day of return of each of four behavioral components (semi-blink, blink reflex, full vibrissae movement, and complete recovery) was calculated for all four experimental groups. The results indicate that intact females recover functional return of movement following crush injury significantly faster than intact males. In contrast to our previous findings in male hamsters, administration of exogenous steroids does not accelerate recovery from facial paralysis in adult female hamsters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bing Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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awake ct guided percutaneous Stylomastoid Foramen puncture and radiofrequency ablation of facial nerve for treatment of hemifacial spasm
Journal of Neurosurgery, 2021Co-Authors: Bing Huang, Huidan Lin, Hao Huang, Ming Yao, Qiliang Chen, Xian Zhao, Xiang QianAbstract:Objective Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a debilitating neuromuscular disorder with limited treatment options. The current study describes a novel minimally invasive procedure that provided effective and sustained relief for patients with HFS. The authors provide a detailed description of the awake CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the facial nerve for treatment of HFS, and they examine its clinical efficacy. This is the first time in the literature that this procedure has been applied and systematically analyzed for HFS. Methods Patients with a history of HFS were recruited between August 2018 and April 2020. Those with a history of cerebellopontine lesions, coagulopathy, ongoing pregnancy, cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator implants, or who declined the procedure were excluded from the study. Fifty-three patients who met the study criteria were included and underwent awake CT-guided RFA. Under minimal sedation, a radiofrequency (RF) needle was used to reach the Stylomastoid Foramen on the affected side under CT guidance, and the facial nerve was localized using a low-frequency stimulation current. Patients were instructed to engage facial muscles as a proxy for motor monitoring during RFA. Ablation stopped when the patients' hemifacial contracture resolved. Patients were kept for inpatient monitoring for 24 hours postoperatively and were followed up monthly to monitor resolution of HFS and complications for up to 19 months. Results The average duration of the procedure was 32-34 minutes. Postoperatively, 91% of the patients (48/53) had complete resolution of HFS, whereas the remaining individuals had partial resolution. A total of 48 patients reported mild to moderate facial paralysis immediately post-RFA, but most resolved within 1 month. No other significant complication was observed during the study period. By the end of the study period, 5 patients had recurrence of mild HFS symptoms, whereas only 2 patients reported dissatisfaction with the treatment results. Conclusions The authors report for the first time that awake CT-guided RFA of the facial nerve at the Stylomastoid Foramen is a minimally invasive procedure and can be an effective treatment option for HFS.
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ct guided percutaneous puncture of Stylomastoid Foramen and radiofrequency ablation for treatment of primary hemifacial spasm
Chinese Journal of Neuromedicine, 2019Co-Authors: Bing Huang, Huidan Lin, Peilong Jiang, Li Zhang, Weizhe Jiang, Hao Huang, Junfeng Sun, Yong Fei, Keyue Xie, Ming YaoAbstract:Objective To observe the clinical effect of CT-guided percutaneous puncture of Stylomastoid Foramen and radiofrequency ablation on primary hemifacial spasm. Methods Twenty-seven patients with primary hemifacial spasm, admitted to and accepted CT-guided percutaneous puncture of Stylomastoid Foramen and radiofrequency ablation in our hospital from August 2018 to May 2019, were chosen in our study. Clinical data and efficacy of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients were punctured to the Stylomastoid Foramen precisely under the guidance of CT localization; 21 could detect facial muscle twitch with 0.1-0.5 mA current, and positive results were also found in 6 patients with 0.5 mA current after adjusting the position of the needle tip. After standard radio frequency ablation (mean 83.3 ℃ for 23.7 seconds), 26 patients had complete disappearance of facial spasm, but left grade II (n=18) or grade III (n=8) facial paralysis; one patient with disappearance of abnormal electromyographic response waveform as the end criterion only partially relieved, but no facial paralysis. No facial hematoma, intracranial hemorrhage, infection, or death occurred. Follow-up for 2-12 months showed no recurrence or aggravation of facial paralysis. Conclusion CT-guided percutaneous puncture of Stylomastoid Foramen by radio frequency ablation can effectively treat primary hemifacial spasm, but there will be mild facial paralysis. Key words: Hemifacial spasm; Stylomastoid Foramen; radiofrequency ablation
Xiang Qian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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awake ct guided percutaneous Stylomastoid Foramen puncture and radiofrequency ablation of facial nerve for treatment of hemifacial spasm
Journal of Neurosurgery, 2021Co-Authors: Bing Huang, Huidan Lin, Hao Huang, Ming Yao, Qiliang Chen, Xian Zhao, Xiang QianAbstract:Objective Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a debilitating neuromuscular disorder with limited treatment options. The current study describes a novel minimally invasive procedure that provided effective and sustained relief for patients with HFS. The authors provide a detailed description of the awake CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the facial nerve for treatment of HFS, and they examine its clinical efficacy. This is the first time in the literature that this procedure has been applied and systematically analyzed for HFS. Methods Patients with a history of HFS were recruited between August 2018 and April 2020. Those with a history of cerebellopontine lesions, coagulopathy, ongoing pregnancy, cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator implants, or who declined the procedure were excluded from the study. Fifty-three patients who met the study criteria were included and underwent awake CT-guided RFA. Under minimal sedation, a radiofrequency (RF) needle was used to reach the Stylomastoid Foramen on the affected side under CT guidance, and the facial nerve was localized using a low-frequency stimulation current. Patients were instructed to engage facial muscles as a proxy for motor monitoring during RFA. Ablation stopped when the patients' hemifacial contracture resolved. Patients were kept for inpatient monitoring for 24 hours postoperatively and were followed up monthly to monitor resolution of HFS and complications for up to 19 months. Results The average duration of the procedure was 32-34 minutes. Postoperatively, 91% of the patients (48/53) had complete resolution of HFS, whereas the remaining individuals had partial resolution. A total of 48 patients reported mild to moderate facial paralysis immediately post-RFA, but most resolved within 1 month. No other significant complication was observed during the study period. By the end of the study period, 5 patients had recurrence of mild HFS symptoms, whereas only 2 patients reported dissatisfaction with the treatment results. Conclusions The authors report for the first time that awake CT-guided RFA of the facial nerve at the Stylomastoid Foramen is a minimally invasive procedure and can be an effective treatment option for HFS.
Ming Yao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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awake ct guided percutaneous Stylomastoid Foramen puncture and radiofrequency ablation of facial nerve for treatment of hemifacial spasm
Journal of Neurosurgery, 2021Co-Authors: Bing Huang, Huidan Lin, Hao Huang, Ming Yao, Qiliang Chen, Xian Zhao, Xiang QianAbstract:Objective Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a debilitating neuromuscular disorder with limited treatment options. The current study describes a novel minimally invasive procedure that provided effective and sustained relief for patients with HFS. The authors provide a detailed description of the awake CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the facial nerve for treatment of HFS, and they examine its clinical efficacy. This is the first time in the literature that this procedure has been applied and systematically analyzed for HFS. Methods Patients with a history of HFS were recruited between August 2018 and April 2020. Those with a history of cerebellopontine lesions, coagulopathy, ongoing pregnancy, cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator implants, or who declined the procedure were excluded from the study. Fifty-three patients who met the study criteria were included and underwent awake CT-guided RFA. Under minimal sedation, a radiofrequency (RF) needle was used to reach the Stylomastoid Foramen on the affected side under CT guidance, and the facial nerve was localized using a low-frequency stimulation current. Patients were instructed to engage facial muscles as a proxy for motor monitoring during RFA. Ablation stopped when the patients' hemifacial contracture resolved. Patients were kept for inpatient monitoring for 24 hours postoperatively and were followed up monthly to monitor resolution of HFS and complications for up to 19 months. Results The average duration of the procedure was 32-34 minutes. Postoperatively, 91% of the patients (48/53) had complete resolution of HFS, whereas the remaining individuals had partial resolution. A total of 48 patients reported mild to moderate facial paralysis immediately post-RFA, but most resolved within 1 month. No other significant complication was observed during the study period. By the end of the study period, 5 patients had recurrence of mild HFS symptoms, whereas only 2 patients reported dissatisfaction with the treatment results. Conclusions The authors report for the first time that awake CT-guided RFA of the facial nerve at the Stylomastoid Foramen is a minimally invasive procedure and can be an effective treatment option for HFS.
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ct guided percutaneous puncture of Stylomastoid Foramen and radiofrequency ablation for treatment of primary hemifacial spasm
Chinese Journal of Neuromedicine, 2019Co-Authors: Bing Huang, Huidan Lin, Peilong Jiang, Li Zhang, Weizhe Jiang, Hao Huang, Junfeng Sun, Yong Fei, Keyue Xie, Ming YaoAbstract:Objective To observe the clinical effect of CT-guided percutaneous puncture of Stylomastoid Foramen and radiofrequency ablation on primary hemifacial spasm. Methods Twenty-seven patients with primary hemifacial spasm, admitted to and accepted CT-guided percutaneous puncture of Stylomastoid Foramen and radiofrequency ablation in our hospital from August 2018 to May 2019, were chosen in our study. Clinical data and efficacy of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients were punctured to the Stylomastoid Foramen precisely under the guidance of CT localization; 21 could detect facial muscle twitch with 0.1-0.5 mA current, and positive results were also found in 6 patients with 0.5 mA current after adjusting the position of the needle tip. After standard radio frequency ablation (mean 83.3 ℃ for 23.7 seconds), 26 patients had complete disappearance of facial spasm, but left grade II (n=18) or grade III (n=8) facial paralysis; one patient with disappearance of abnormal electromyographic response waveform as the end criterion only partially relieved, but no facial paralysis. No facial hematoma, intracranial hemorrhage, infection, or death occurred. Follow-up for 2-12 months showed no recurrence or aggravation of facial paralysis. Conclusion CT-guided percutaneous puncture of Stylomastoid Foramen by radio frequency ablation can effectively treat primary hemifacial spasm, but there will be mild facial paralysis. Key words: Hemifacial spasm; Stylomastoid Foramen; radiofrequency ablation
Perenlei Enkhbaatar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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surgical anatomy of ovine facial and hypoglossal nerves for facial nerve reconstruction and regeneration research an experimental study in sheep
Microsurgery, 2020Co-Authors: Yosuke Niimi, Hajime Matsumine, Satoshi Fukuda, John R Salsbury, Yu Niimi, David N Herndon, Donald S Prough, Perenlei EnkhbaatarAbstract:BACKGROUND: The lack of a clinically relevant animal model for facial nerve research is a challenge. The goal of this study was to investigate the anatomy of the ovine facial and hypoglossal nerves to establish a clinically relevant facial nerve research model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six cadaver female Merino sheep (33.5 ± 3 kg, approximately 3 years old) and three anesthetized female Merino sheep (30 ± 3 kg, approximately 3 years old) were used. In cadaver sheep, a right side preauricular to submandibular incision was made. Dimensions of the face, neck, and length of facial nerve were measured. In anesthetized sheep, each facial nerve branch and hypoglossal nerve in the right side was stimulated. The number of myelinated fibers was analyzed histologically. RESULTS: The facial nerve exited the Stylomastoid Foramen and divided into upper and lower branches. The lower branch then subdivided into buccal and marginal mandibular branches. The hypoglossal nerve was observed behind the digastric posterior belly. Stimulation revealed the temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical branch innervated the forehead, orbicularis, upper lip and nasal, lower lip, and platysma, respectively. The number of myelinated fibers of the main trunk, upper, buccal, lower branch, and hypoglossal nerve was 11 350 ± 1851, 4766 ± 1000, 5107 ± 218, 3159 ± 450, and 7604 ± 636, respectively. The length of the main trunk was 9.2 ± 1.5 mm, and distance of the marginal mandibular branch to the facial artery was 94 ± 6.8 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the similarity in nerve anatomy and innervation, the ovine model can be used as a clinically relevant and suitable model for facial nerve research.
