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Franco M Rabagliati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Styrene Styrene Derivative copolymerization by ph2zn metallocene mao systems homo and copolymerization of a methylStyrene with Styrene
Journal of The Chilean Chemical Society, 2010Co-Authors: Franco M Rabagliati, Hector E Munoz, Gabriela V MardonesAbstract:The copolymerization of Styrene with α-methylStyrene has been tested using combined metallocene-MAO initiator systems with and without diphenylzinc. The metallocenes used were biscyclopentadienyltitanium dichloride, Cp 2 TiCl 2 , bis(n-butylcyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride, (n-BuCp) 2 TiCl 2 , and the halfsandwich metallocene indenyltitanium trichloride, IndTiCl 3 . The results indicate that both binary metallocene-MAO, and ternary Ph 2 Zn-metallocene-MAO systems are capable of polymerizing α-methylStyrene to poly(α-methylStyrene) as well of its copolymerization with Styrene. These initiator systems also show that despite the I+ inductive effect of the methyl group, which enhances electron density at the vinyl double bond of Styrene, the steric consequence of vinyl substitution hinders monomer coordination to active species, causing a decrease in conversion of either α-MeS to homopolymer or S/α-MeS to the corresponding copolymer. The nature and structure of the metallocene included in the initiator system are determinant of the initiator system’s efficiency. For the metallocenes used the efficiency follows the order IndTiCl 3 > Cp 2 TiCl 2 > (n-BuCp) 2 TiCl 2 , with the half-sandwich metallocene IndTiCl 3 showing greater efficiency than the true metallocenes.
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further studies on Styrene Styrene Derivative copolymerizations using combined diphenylzinc additive initiator systems
Polymer International, 2005Co-Authors: Franco M Rabagliati, Carlos J Caro, Francisco J. Rodriguez, Monica A Perez, Nicolas CrispelAbstract:A combination of diphenylzinc, a metallocene and methylaluminoxane (Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO) is a suitable initiator system for the polymerization of Styrene and for its copolymerization with para-alkyl substituted Styrenes. This paper reports new experimental results which reinforce our previous findings indicating that polymerization processes are initiated by monomer coordination to active species resulting from these particular combined systems. Polymerization propagates by a cationic pathway. Further to our previous observation that the I+ inductive effect of para-substituents in Styrene improves conversion to polymer, we now find that methyl substitution on the vinyl double bond of Styrene, in spite of the I+ inductive effect and as a result of increased steric hindrance, makes the polymerization process difficult. On the other hand, the replacement of titanocenes by zirconocenes or hafnocenes generates Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO initiator systems which are also able to induce homo- and copolymerization, but with lower yields and producing practically amorphous polymers. The efficiency of our Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO initiator systems follows the order titanocene > zirconocene > hafnocene, at least for the studied metallocenes. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
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Further studies on Styrene/Styrene Derivative copolymerizations using combined diphenylzinc-additive initiator systems †
Polymer International, 2004Co-Authors: Franco M Rabagliati, Carlos J Caro, Francisco J. Rodriguez, Monica A Perez, Nicolas CrispelAbstract:A combination of diphenylzinc, a metallocene and methylaluminoxane (Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO) is a suitable initiator system for the polymerization of Styrene and for its copolymerization with para-alkyl substituted Styrenes. This paper reports new experimental results which reinforce our previous findings indicating that polymerization processes are initiated by monomer coordination to active species resulting from these particular combined systems. Polymerization propagates by a cationic pathway. Further to our previous observation that the I+ inductive effect of para-substituents in Styrene improves conversion to polymer, we now find that methyl substitution on the vinyl double bond of Styrene, in spite of the I+ inductive effect and as a result of increased steric hindrance, makes the polymerization process difficult. On the other hand, the replacement of titanocenes by zirconocenes or hafnocenes generates Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO initiator systems which are also able to induce homo- and copolymerization, but with lower yields and producing practically amorphous polymers. The efficiency of our Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO initiator systems follows the order titanocene > zirconocene > hafnocene, at least for the studied metallocenes. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
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Styrene Styrene Derivative and Styrene 1 alkene copolymerization using ph2zn additive initiator systems
Macromolecular Symposia, 2004Co-Authors: Franco M Rabagliati, Rodrigo A. Cancino, Monica A Perez, Francisco J. RodriguezAbstract:Diphenylzinc-metallocene-MAO initiator systems have proven to be effective initiator systems for Styrene and for substituted Styrenes as well as for their Styrene/(Styrene-Derivative) copolymerization. Titanocene produced almost pure syndiotactic polymers while zirconocenes gave atactic polyStyrene together with a low content, less than 20%, of syndiotactic polyStyrene. Systems including a zirconocene, particularly ethenyl(bisindenyl)zirconium dichloride were effective initiators of 1-alkene polymerization and of Styrene/1-alkene copolymerization. Conversion to polymer increases with the molecular size of 1-alkene. Styrene Derivative and Styrene/(Styrene Derivative) polymerization was greatly influenced by the inductive effect of substituent and by steric hindrance due to the monomer.
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Styrene/(Styrene Derivative) and Styrene/(1‐Alkene) Copolymerization using Ph2Zn‐Additive Initiator Systems
Macromolecular Symposia, 2004Co-Authors: Franco M Rabagliati, Rodrigo A. Cancino, Monica A Perez, Francisco J. RodriguezAbstract:Diphenylzinc-metallocene-MAO initiator systems have proven to be effective initiator systems for Styrene and for substituted Styrenes as well as for their Styrene/(Styrene-Derivative) copolymerization. Titanocene produced almost pure syndiotactic polymers while zirconocenes gave atactic polyStyrene together with a low content, less than 20%, of syndiotactic polyStyrene. Systems including a zirconocene, particularly ethenyl(bisindenyl)zirconium dichloride were effective initiators of 1-alkene polymerization and of Styrene/1-alkene copolymerization. Conversion to polymer increases with the molecular size of 1-alkene. Styrene Derivative and Styrene/(Styrene Derivative) polymerization was greatly influenced by the inductive effect of substituent and by steric hindrance due to the monomer.
Francisco J. Rodriguez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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further studies on Styrene Styrene Derivative copolymerizations using combined diphenylzinc additive initiator systems
Polymer International, 2005Co-Authors: Franco M Rabagliati, Carlos J Caro, Francisco J. Rodriguez, Monica A Perez, Nicolas CrispelAbstract:A combination of diphenylzinc, a metallocene and methylaluminoxane (Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO) is a suitable initiator system for the polymerization of Styrene and for its copolymerization with para-alkyl substituted Styrenes. This paper reports new experimental results which reinforce our previous findings indicating that polymerization processes are initiated by monomer coordination to active species resulting from these particular combined systems. Polymerization propagates by a cationic pathway. Further to our previous observation that the I+ inductive effect of para-substituents in Styrene improves conversion to polymer, we now find that methyl substitution on the vinyl double bond of Styrene, in spite of the I+ inductive effect and as a result of increased steric hindrance, makes the polymerization process difficult. On the other hand, the replacement of titanocenes by zirconocenes or hafnocenes generates Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO initiator systems which are also able to induce homo- and copolymerization, but with lower yields and producing practically amorphous polymers. The efficiency of our Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO initiator systems follows the order titanocene > zirconocene > hafnocene, at least for the studied metallocenes. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
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Further studies on Styrene/Styrene Derivative copolymerizations using combined diphenylzinc-additive initiator systems †
Polymer International, 2004Co-Authors: Franco M Rabagliati, Carlos J Caro, Francisco J. Rodriguez, Monica A Perez, Nicolas CrispelAbstract:A combination of diphenylzinc, a metallocene and methylaluminoxane (Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO) is a suitable initiator system for the polymerization of Styrene and for its copolymerization with para-alkyl substituted Styrenes. This paper reports new experimental results which reinforce our previous findings indicating that polymerization processes are initiated by monomer coordination to active species resulting from these particular combined systems. Polymerization propagates by a cationic pathway. Further to our previous observation that the I+ inductive effect of para-substituents in Styrene improves conversion to polymer, we now find that methyl substitution on the vinyl double bond of Styrene, in spite of the I+ inductive effect and as a result of increased steric hindrance, makes the polymerization process difficult. On the other hand, the replacement of titanocenes by zirconocenes or hafnocenes generates Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO initiator systems which are also able to induce homo- and copolymerization, but with lower yields and producing practically amorphous polymers. The efficiency of our Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO initiator systems follows the order titanocene > zirconocene > hafnocene, at least for the studied metallocenes. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
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Styrene Styrene Derivative and Styrene 1 alkene copolymerization using ph2zn additive initiator systems
Macromolecular Symposia, 2004Co-Authors: Franco M Rabagliati, Rodrigo A. Cancino, Monica A Perez, Francisco J. RodriguezAbstract:Diphenylzinc-metallocene-MAO initiator systems have proven to be effective initiator systems for Styrene and for substituted Styrenes as well as for their Styrene/(Styrene-Derivative) copolymerization. Titanocene produced almost pure syndiotactic polymers while zirconocenes gave atactic polyStyrene together with a low content, less than 20%, of syndiotactic polyStyrene. Systems including a zirconocene, particularly ethenyl(bisindenyl)zirconium dichloride were effective initiators of 1-alkene polymerization and of Styrene/1-alkene copolymerization. Conversion to polymer increases with the molecular size of 1-alkene. Styrene Derivative and Styrene/(Styrene Derivative) polymerization was greatly influenced by the inductive effect of substituent and by steric hindrance due to the monomer.
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Styrene/(Styrene Derivative) and Styrene/(1‐Alkene) Copolymerization using Ph2Zn‐Additive Initiator Systems
Macromolecular Symposia, 2004Co-Authors: Franco M Rabagliati, Rodrigo A. Cancino, Monica A Perez, Francisco J. RodriguezAbstract:Diphenylzinc-metallocene-MAO initiator systems have proven to be effective initiator systems for Styrene and for substituted Styrenes as well as for their Styrene/(Styrene-Derivative) copolymerization. Titanocene produced almost pure syndiotactic polymers while zirconocenes gave atactic polyStyrene together with a low content, less than 20%, of syndiotactic polyStyrene. Systems including a zirconocene, particularly ethenyl(bisindenyl)zirconium dichloride were effective initiators of 1-alkene polymerization and of Styrene/1-alkene copolymerization. Conversion to polymer increases with the molecular size of 1-alkene. Styrene Derivative and Styrene/(Styrene Derivative) polymerization was greatly influenced by the inductive effect of substituent and by steric hindrance due to the monomer.
Monica A Perez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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further studies on Styrene Styrene Derivative copolymerizations using combined diphenylzinc additive initiator systems
Polymer International, 2005Co-Authors: Franco M Rabagliati, Carlos J Caro, Francisco J. Rodriguez, Monica A Perez, Nicolas CrispelAbstract:A combination of diphenylzinc, a metallocene and methylaluminoxane (Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO) is a suitable initiator system for the polymerization of Styrene and for its copolymerization with para-alkyl substituted Styrenes. This paper reports new experimental results which reinforce our previous findings indicating that polymerization processes are initiated by monomer coordination to active species resulting from these particular combined systems. Polymerization propagates by a cationic pathway. Further to our previous observation that the I+ inductive effect of para-substituents in Styrene improves conversion to polymer, we now find that methyl substitution on the vinyl double bond of Styrene, in spite of the I+ inductive effect and as a result of increased steric hindrance, makes the polymerization process difficult. On the other hand, the replacement of titanocenes by zirconocenes or hafnocenes generates Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO initiator systems which are also able to induce homo- and copolymerization, but with lower yields and producing practically amorphous polymers. The efficiency of our Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO initiator systems follows the order titanocene > zirconocene > hafnocene, at least for the studied metallocenes. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
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Further studies on Styrene/Styrene Derivative copolymerizations using combined diphenylzinc-additive initiator systems †
Polymer International, 2004Co-Authors: Franco M Rabagliati, Carlos J Caro, Francisco J. Rodriguez, Monica A Perez, Nicolas CrispelAbstract:A combination of diphenylzinc, a metallocene and methylaluminoxane (Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO) is a suitable initiator system for the polymerization of Styrene and for its copolymerization with para-alkyl substituted Styrenes. This paper reports new experimental results which reinforce our previous findings indicating that polymerization processes are initiated by monomer coordination to active species resulting from these particular combined systems. Polymerization propagates by a cationic pathway. Further to our previous observation that the I+ inductive effect of para-substituents in Styrene improves conversion to polymer, we now find that methyl substitution on the vinyl double bond of Styrene, in spite of the I+ inductive effect and as a result of increased steric hindrance, makes the polymerization process difficult. On the other hand, the replacement of titanocenes by zirconocenes or hafnocenes generates Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO initiator systems which are also able to induce homo- and copolymerization, but with lower yields and producing practically amorphous polymers. The efficiency of our Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO initiator systems follows the order titanocene > zirconocene > hafnocene, at least for the studied metallocenes. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
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Styrene Styrene Derivative and Styrene 1 alkene copolymerization using ph2zn additive initiator systems
Macromolecular Symposia, 2004Co-Authors: Franco M Rabagliati, Rodrigo A. Cancino, Monica A Perez, Francisco J. RodriguezAbstract:Diphenylzinc-metallocene-MAO initiator systems have proven to be effective initiator systems for Styrene and for substituted Styrenes as well as for their Styrene/(Styrene-Derivative) copolymerization. Titanocene produced almost pure syndiotactic polymers while zirconocenes gave atactic polyStyrene together with a low content, less than 20%, of syndiotactic polyStyrene. Systems including a zirconocene, particularly ethenyl(bisindenyl)zirconium dichloride were effective initiators of 1-alkene polymerization and of Styrene/1-alkene copolymerization. Conversion to polymer increases with the molecular size of 1-alkene. Styrene Derivative and Styrene/(Styrene Derivative) polymerization was greatly influenced by the inductive effect of substituent and by steric hindrance due to the monomer.
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Styrene/(Styrene Derivative) and Styrene/(1‐Alkene) Copolymerization using Ph2Zn‐Additive Initiator Systems
Macromolecular Symposia, 2004Co-Authors: Franco M Rabagliati, Rodrigo A. Cancino, Monica A Perez, Francisco J. RodriguezAbstract:Diphenylzinc-metallocene-MAO initiator systems have proven to be effective initiator systems for Styrene and for substituted Styrenes as well as for their Styrene/(Styrene-Derivative) copolymerization. Titanocene produced almost pure syndiotactic polymers while zirconocenes gave atactic polyStyrene together with a low content, less than 20%, of syndiotactic polyStyrene. Systems including a zirconocene, particularly ethenyl(bisindenyl)zirconium dichloride were effective initiators of 1-alkene polymerization and of Styrene/1-alkene copolymerization. Conversion to polymer increases with the molecular size of 1-alkene. Styrene Derivative and Styrene/(Styrene Derivative) polymerization was greatly influenced by the inductive effect of substituent and by steric hindrance due to the monomer.
Shuzaemon Satoh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Preparation of 20-nm poly(Styrene Derivative) particles via polymerization with nonionic surfactant at the phase-inversion temperature
Polymer Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Kiyoshi Suzuki, Kohei Nishiyama, Isao Yamanaka, Takatoshi Koshiba, Shuzaemon SatohAbstract:Poly(Styrene Derivative) particles, average diameter of which is
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preparation of 20 nm poly Styrene Derivative particles via polymerization with nonionic surfactant at the phase inversion temperature
Polymer Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Kiyoshi Suzuki, Kohei Nishiyama, Isao Yamanaka, Takatoshi Koshiba, Shuzaemon SatohAbstract:Poly(Styrene Derivative) particles, average diameter of which is <30nm, were prepared without ionic emulsifier with nonionic emulsifier polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether by polymerizing monomer, emulsifier, water and initiator mixture at around PIT. Effects of initiator concentration, temperature and monomer type on the average diameter of the generated polymer particles are investigated. Smaller particles are obtained with higher rate of radical generation at PIT. The particles of poly(p-methylStyrene) which have an average diameter of 21 nm and a polymer weight fraction of 5% were prepared.
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Preparation of 20-nm poly(Styrene Derivative) particles via polymerization with nonionic surfactant at the phase-inversion temperature
Polymer Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Kiyoshi Suzuki, Kohei Nishiyama, Isao Yamanaka, Takatoshi Koshiba, Shuzaemon SatohAbstract:Several types of Styrene monomer Derivatives were polymerized in monomer, water, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether and initiator mixtures at various temperatures to form small particles. Smaller particles were obtained at higher radical generation rates at the phase-inversion temperature (PIT). Large coagula or secondary particles were obtained at temperatures higher than the PIT. The average diameter of the polymer particles obtained via the polymerization of p -methylStyrene and Styrene at the PIT was smaller than those of divinylbenzene and 4- t -butylStyrene. Poly( p -methylStyrene) particles, which had an average diameter of 21 nm and a polymer weight fraction of 5%, were prepared. Poly(Styrene Derivative) particles, average diameter of which is
Michael Popall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inorganic-organic hybrid protonic polymeric materials for fuel cells based on polycondensed and organically cross-linked sulfonyl- and Styrene-functionalized alkoxysilanes
Electrochimica Acta, 2005Co-Authors: Stéphane Jacob, Christiane Poinsignon, Michael PopallAbstract:A new class of proton conducting inorganic-organic polymer (ORMOCER®) electrolytes for fuel cells based on polycondensed and organically cross-linked sulfonyl- and Styrene-functionalized alkoxysilanes has been developed [1]. Different synthesis processes are used to take account of the different acidities of the starting alkoxydes. System-I is based on the separate hydrolysis and condensation of the acid and basic alkoxysilanes. Sulfonated alkoxysilanes and a Styrene Derivative functionalized alkoxysilane are hydrolyzed and co-condensed in parallel to the alkoxysilane containing at least a nitrogen heterocycle, an amine group or a sulfonamide group and a Styrene Derivative functionalized alkoxysilane. The two polycondensates are then mixed; the resulting resins are shaped into thin films and organically cross-linked via UV and/or thermal curing. Improvements of mechanical and electrochemical properties lead to System-II in which the sulfonated functionalized alkoxysilane is first hydrolyzed and condensed, then the two other alkoxysilanes are added for co-condensation. In system-III the three alkoxysilanes used for system-I are hydrolyzed and co-condensed without any partial hydrolysis of one of the components. The three systems present a good thermal stability up to 180 °C. The conductivity of the materials shows an Arrhenius behavior in the temperature range 25-110 °C with activation energies of 0.45 up to 0.78 eV depending on sample composition. A 1.0 × 10-2 S cm-1-conductivity value was measured for system-II/imidazole membranes at 110 °C under an inert gas atmosphere. The conductivity of anhydrous system-III/imidazole membranes goes from 9.1 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 100 °C to 2.0 × 10-2 ± 1.5 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 140 °C.
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Proton conducting inorganic–organic matrices based on sulfonyl- and Styrene Derivatives functionalized polycondensates via sol–gel processing
Electrochimica Acta, 2003Co-Authors: Stéphane Jacob, Christiane Poinsignon, Sébastien Cochet, Michael PopallAbstract:Proton conducting inorganic–organic hybrid polymer electrolytes were developed in the last decade based on sulfonated, methacryl and epoxy functionalized alkoxysilanes for thin film cells [Electrochim. Acta 45 (2000) 137]. To improve the electrochemical stability of the materials for applications like polymer electrolyte membranes for direct methanol fuel cells, the less stable methacryl and epoxy alkoxysilanes of the former test system [Electrochim. Acta 45 (2000) 137] were replaced by Styrene Derivative functionalized alkoxysilanes. These alkoxysilanes were synthesized with a new modified Grignard reaction. The sol–gel materials were prepared in a two-step reaction: first, an alkoxysilane containing a sulfonated group and an alkoxysilane containing at least a nitrogen heterocycle, an amine group or a sulfonamide group were separately hydrolyzed and co-condensed each with one half of the amount of a Styrene Derivative functionalized alkoxysilane. Then, these two co-condensates were mixed. After evaporation of the solvent, the resin was cast in Teflon® moulds or applied on a substrate as a film and finally organically cross-linked via UV and/or thermal curing. The influence of the sample composition on the conductivity and the mechanical properties was studied. Conductivities of 3×10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature were obtained for membranes free of water, whose precursor composition consists of 60% sulfonated alkoxysilane, finally mixed with 2 mol imidazole per mol ---SO3H. If the imidazole is exchanged by water (max. 15 mass% absorption within membrane), the membranes show conductivities up to 8×10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature. A thermal stability of the inorganic–organic matrix of up to 180 °C (
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Proton conducting inorganic–organic matrices based on sulfonyl- and Styrene Derivatives functionalized polycondensates via sol–gel processing
Electrochimica Acta, 2003Co-Authors: Stéphane Jacob, Christiane Poinsignon, Sébastien Cochet, Michael PopallAbstract:Proton conducting inorganic-organic hybrid polymer electrolytes were developed in the last decade based on sulfonated, methacryl and epoxy functionalized alkoxysilanes for thin film cells [Electrochim. Acta 45 (2000) 137]. To improve the electrochemical stability of the materials for applications like polymer electrolyte membranes for direct methanol fuel cells, the less stable methacryl and epoxy alkoxysilanes of the former test system [Electrochim. Acta 45 (2000) 137] were replaced by Styrene Derivative functionalized alkoxysilanes. These alkoxysilanes were synthesized with a new modified Grignard reaction. The sol-gel materials were prepared in a two-step reaction: first, an alkoxysilane containing a sulfonated group and an alkoxysilane containing at least a nitrogen heterocycle, an amine group or a sulfonamide group were separately hydrolyzed and co-condensed each with one half of the amount of a Styrene Derivative functionalized alkoxysilane. Then, these two co-condensates were mixed. After evaporation of the solvent, the resin was cast in Teflon® moulds or applied on a substrate as a film and finally organically crosslinked via UV and/or thermal curing. The influence of the sample composition on the conductivity and the mechanical properties was studied. Conductivities of 3 x 10 -3 S cm -1 at room temperature were obtained for membranes free of water, whose precursor composition consists of 60% sulfonated alkoxysilane, finally mixed with 2 mol imidazole per mol -SO 3 H. If the imidazole is exchanged by water (max. 15 mass% absorption within membrane), the membranes show conductivities up to 8 x 10 -3 S cm -1 at room temperature. A thermal stability of the inorganic- organic matrix of up to 180 °C ( < 5% weight loss) was measured by thermo-gravimetric (TG) analysis.
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Proton conducting inorganic–organic matrices based on sulfonyl- and Styrene Derivatives functionalized polycondensates via sol–gel processing
Electrochimica Acta, 2003Co-Authors: Stéphane Jacob, Christiane Poinsignon, Sébastien Cochet, Michael PopallAbstract:International audienceProton conducting inorganic–organic hybrid polymer electrolytes were developed in the last decade based on sulfonated, methacryl and epoxy functionalized alkoxysilanes for thin film cells [Electrochim. Acta 45 (2000) 137]. To improve the electrochemical stability of the materials for applications like polymer electrolyte membranes for direct methanol fuel cells, the less stable methacryl and epoxy alkoxysilanes of the former test system [Electrochim. Acta 45 (2000) 137] were replaced by Styrene Derivative functionalized alkoxysilanes. These alkoxysilanes were synthesized with a new modified Grignard reaction. The sol–gel materials were prepared in a two-step reaction: first, an alkoxysilane containing a sulfonated group and an alkoxysilane containing at least a nitrogen heterocycle, an amine group or a sulfonamide group were separately hydrolyzed and co-condensed each with one half of the amount of a Styrene Derivative functionalized alkoxysilane. Then, these two co-condensates were mixed. After evaporation of the solvent, the resin was cast in Teflon® moulds or applied on a substrate as a film and finally organically cross-linked via UV and/or thermal curing. The influence of the sample composition on the conductivity and the mechanical properties was studied. Conductivities of 3×10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature were obtained for membranes free of water, whose precursor composition consists of 60% sulfonated alkoxysilane, finally mixed with 2 mol imidazole per mol ---SO3H. If the imidazole is exchanged by water (max. 15 mass% absorption within membrane), the membranes show conductivities up to 8×10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature. A thermal stability of the inorganic–organic matrix of up to 180 °C (
