The Experts below are selected from a list of 86985 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Juliane Reinecke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Beyond a Subjective Theory of value and towards a ‘fair price’: an organizational perspective on Fairtrade minimum price setting
Organization, 2010Co-Authors: Juliane ReineckeAbstract:This article explores Fairtrade minimum price setting as an organizational formulation of a critical response to economic liberalism and its underlying notion of value—a Subjective Theory of value. The aim of the article is to show what happens if such meta-level philosophical debates on fairness and markets are lived out organizationally. This is achieved by using an ethnographic study of the price setting process of the Fairtrade Labelling Organizations. The case unpacks the complexities of defining a ‘fair’ price beyond the principle of marginal utility. I draw on French pragmatist sociology in order to decompose the political and moral constructions that underpin the organizational practices of minimum price setting. Challenging the assumption of free choice in neo-classical economics, Fairtrade redefines not only how value should be calculated, but also what it is it that should be valued and who values. This makes visible the political confrontation at the point of price determination, notably by pr...
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beyond a Subjective Theory of value and towards a fair price an organizational perspective on fairtrade minimum price setting
Organization, 2010Co-Authors: Juliane ReineckeAbstract:This article explores Fairtrade minimum price setting as an organizational formulation of a critical response to economic liberalism and its underlying notion of value—a Subjective Theory of value. The aim of the article is to show what happens if such meta-level philosophical debates on fairness and markets are lived out organizationally. This is achieved by using an ethnographic study of the price setting process of the Fairtrade Labelling Organizations. The case unpacks the complexities of defining a ‘fair’ price beyond the principle of marginal utility. I draw on French pragmatist sociology in order to decompose the political and moral constructions that underpin the organizational practices of minimum price setting. Challenging the assumption of free choice in neo-classical economics, Fairtrade redefines not only how value should be calculated, but also what it is it that should be valued and who values. This makes visible the political confrontation at the point of price determination, notably by pr...
Ariel Dinar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the institutional economics of water a cross country analysis of institutions and performance
2004Co-Authors: Maria R Saleth, Ariel DinarAbstract:This book provides a detailed and comprehensive evaluation of water reform and water sector performance from the perspectives of institutional economics and political economy. It integrates institutional Theory with resource economics, and set against an exhaustive review of the theoretical and empirical literature, the authors develop an alternative methodology to quantitatively assess the performance of institutions in the context of water. This methodology is built on the principle of 'institutional ecology', the 'institutional decomposition and analysis' framework, and the 'Subjective Theory' of institutional change. Using this new methodology, plus information collected through an international survey of 127 water experts, the authors present a detailed empirical analysis of the process of institution-performance interaction in the water sector. Relying on the institutional transaction cost approach and an extensive cross-country review of recent water sector reforms, they also provide evidence on the relative role of various factors that influence the extent and depth of water institutional reforms in 43 countries and regions around the world. The book concludes with far reaching implications for the Theory and policy of water sector reform in particular and institutional reform in general.
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WATER INSTITUTIONS AND SECTOR PERFORMANCE: A Subjective Theory of Institutional Change
2003Co-Authors: Rathinasamy Maria Saleth, Ariel DinarAbstract:For providing a theoretical foundation for our methodological framework for evaluating water institutions and sector performance, we develop an alternative Theory of institutional change that explicitly recognizes individuals as the source of change by tracing the linkages between their Subjective perception and institutional change. Such an alternative Theory of institutional change where the main motive force is the changes in the Subjective perception of individuals is nothing radical as it remains only a refinement and restatement of the ideas present in existing literature. In fact, the critical role that Subjective factors play in the process of institutional change is underlined by institutional economists of all schools and traditions (e.g., Veblen, 1919; Commons, 1934; Bhaskar, 1979; Douglas, 1986; North, 1990 and 1997; Hodgson, 1998). But, there is neither any systematic Theory to explain the roles of these Subjective factors in the process of institutional change nor any approach for their analytical incorporation within an evaluation framework amenable for empirical analysis. For a better articulation of our alternative Theory of institutional change, it is necessary to understand well the meaning and role of Subjective perception as found in the literature.
Stephanie Pieschl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Expecting Collective Privacy: A New Perspective on Trust in Online Communication
Progress in IS, 2016Co-Authors: Ricarda Moll, Stephanie PieschlAbstract:Digitization has opened unprecedented opportunities for online communication. In contrast to face-to-face communication, online communication often involves large audiences that consist of other social media users (network audience) but also of governmental and private institutions (institutional audiences). Consequently, how users manage their privacy is a key component of digital literacy. Interestingly, users’ privacy-management behaviors may largely be influenced by trust. Here, we argue that traditional conceptualizations of dyadic trust cannot adequately explain this aspect of online communication and therefore need to be extended. Thus, we suggest that when communicating online, users act in a default trust mode based on their trust in collective privacy: users experience a common online phenomenon, such as information overload, and might project this experience onto other users. As such, they might assume that other users also have limited capacities to process all incoming content. As a consequence, users may expect collective privacy; namely, that their disclosed information is not actively processed by large audiences because it is surrounded by so much other “noise”. Moreover, this expectation may take the shape of a stable Subjective Theory, thereby shaping all privacy-related perceptions and behaviors. We discuss theoretical and empirical evidence for these arguments, as well as their implications for digital privacy regulation.
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Trust into Collective Privacy? The Role of Subjective Theories for Self-Disclosure in Online Communication
2014Co-Authors: Ricarda Moll, Stephanie Pieschl, Rainer BrommeAbstract:In order to build and maintain social capital in their Online Social Networks, users need to disclose personal information, a behavior that at the same time leads to a lower level of privacy. In this conceptual paper, we offer a new theoretical perspective on the question of why people might regulate their privacy boundaries inadequately when communicating in Online Social Networks. We argue that people have developed a Subjective Theory about online privacy putting them into a processing mode of default trust. In this trusting mode people would (a) discount the risk of a self-disclosure directly; and (b) infer the risk from invalid cues which would then reinforce their trusting mode. As a consequence people might be more willing to self-disclose information than their actual privacy preferences would otherwise indicate. We exemplify the biasing potential of a trusting mode for memory and metacognitive accuracy and discuss the role of a default trust mode for the development of social capital.
Ricarda Moll - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Expecting Collective Privacy: A New Perspective on Trust in Online Communication
Progress in IS, 2016Co-Authors: Ricarda Moll, Stephanie PieschlAbstract:Digitization has opened unprecedented opportunities for online communication. In contrast to face-to-face communication, online communication often involves large audiences that consist of other social media users (network audience) but also of governmental and private institutions (institutional audiences). Consequently, how users manage their privacy is a key component of digital literacy. Interestingly, users’ privacy-management behaviors may largely be influenced by trust. Here, we argue that traditional conceptualizations of dyadic trust cannot adequately explain this aspect of online communication and therefore need to be extended. Thus, we suggest that when communicating online, users act in a default trust mode based on their trust in collective privacy: users experience a common online phenomenon, such as information overload, and might project this experience onto other users. As such, they might assume that other users also have limited capacities to process all incoming content. As a consequence, users may expect collective privacy; namely, that their disclosed information is not actively processed by large audiences because it is surrounded by so much other “noise”. Moreover, this expectation may take the shape of a stable Subjective Theory, thereby shaping all privacy-related perceptions and behaviors. We discuss theoretical and empirical evidence for these arguments, as well as their implications for digital privacy regulation.
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Trust into Collective Privacy? The Role of Subjective Theories for Self-Disclosure in Online Communication
2014Co-Authors: Ricarda Moll, Stephanie Pieschl, Rainer BrommeAbstract:In order to build and maintain social capital in their Online Social Networks, users need to disclose personal information, a behavior that at the same time leads to a lower level of privacy. In this conceptual paper, we offer a new theoretical perspective on the question of why people might regulate their privacy boundaries inadequately when communicating in Online Social Networks. We argue that people have developed a Subjective Theory about online privacy putting them into a processing mode of default trust. In this trusting mode people would (a) discount the risk of a self-disclosure directly; and (b) infer the risk from invalid cues which would then reinforce their trusting mode. As a consequence people might be more willing to self-disclose information than their actual privacy preferences would otherwise indicate. We exemplify the biasing potential of a trusting mode for memory and metacognitive accuracy and discuss the role of a default trust mode for the development of social capital.
Rita Casella - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Subjective theories and behaviours in physical education of Italian primary school teachers. Applying a superstructure model to study specialist-generalist teachers differences and the effects of a physical education professional development programm
2011Co-Authors: Rita CasellaAbstract:Relevance of the research. Important international organizations and educational authorities recognize the power of sport in contributing to healthy child development. Healthy lifestyles start from childhood, but the Italian school system gives insufficient support to motor development at the primary school age. We would like all pupils in primary school to receive quality physical education instruction through a well-designed curriculum taught by dedicated professional physical educators. We believe that helping in-service teachers to develop new understandings, beliefs, and perceptions (i.e. â in changeâ processes) can influence the operationalization of physical education curriculum in primary schools. Research problem. The first aim of this study was (1) to explore the Subjective theories and behaviours of specialist and non-specialist physical education teachers teaching in Italian primary schools. The questions were: What are the Subjective theories of Italian primary school teachers? What are the differences/similarities between specialists and non-specialists in their respective beliefs about primary physical education? (First study). The second aim was (2) to assess the effects of a PD programme in physical education. The question was: Does the research process and teacher training cause any modification to the teacherâ s initial personal practice theories (Subjective Theory)? (Second study). Methods. Forty-three (43) in-service primary school teachers, thirty-six (36) without a specific qualification in physical education (non-specialist) and seven (7) with a specific qualification (specialist) were interviewed and videotaped during their regular physical education class. Data were collected using observations and interviews and based on the Research Programme Subjective Theories. Behaviour analysis was facilitated by the use of the SIMI â scout software package. Using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, a variety of aspects dealing with teaching and learning were examined. Main findings. In the first study, focusing on the comparison of Subjective theories and behaviours of specialist and non-specialist primary school teachers, a description of how they implement physical education teaching was obtained. Few differences emerged between specialist and non-specialist teachers. They show that a specific qualification in teaching physical education helps teachers to use motor and methodological competencies better, such as giving feedback on skills verbally both to the class and individuals. In addition, experience has more relevance for teachers without a specific qualification in physical education, but it also has a moderate relevance for teachers with a qualification in physical education. The second study, aimed at verifying the effects of a PD programme, focused on the question concerning what aspects of the Subjective theories can be modified through in-service training. Results show improvements in teaching effectiveness both in the increase of time dedicated to student organization and observation and in the decrease of time dedicated to environmental organization. Implications for future research. Understanding the Subjective theories and behaviours of in-service primary physical education teachers may help university teachers who are responsible for teacher education to develop training programmes that are better targeted to the change process.
