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Joel C. Bornstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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5-HT1A, SST1, and SST2 receptors mediate inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in the Submucous Plexus of the guinea pig ileum
American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2009Co-Authors: Jaime Pei Pei Foong, Laura J. Parry, Rachel M Gwynne, Joel C. BornsteinAbstract:Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactive neurons are important secretomotor neurons in the Submucous Plexus. They are the only submucosal neurons to receive inhibitory inputs and exhibit both noradrenergic and nonadrenergic inhibitory synaptic potentials (IPSPs). The former are mediated by alpha(2)-adrenoceptors, but the receptors mediating the latter have not been identified. We used standard intracellular recording, RT-PCR, and confocal microscopy to test whether 5-HT(1A), SST(1), and/or SST(2) receptors mediate nonadrenergic IPSPs in VIP submucosal neurons in guinea pig ileum in vitro. The specific 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY 100135 (1 microM) reduced the amplitude of IPSPs, an effect that persisted in the presence of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan (2 microM), suggesting that 5-HT might mediate a component of the IPSPs. Confocal microscopy revealed that there were many 5-HT-immunoreactive varicosities in close contact with VIP neurons. The specific SSTR(2) antagonist CYN 154806 (100 nM) and a specific SSTR(1) antagonist SRA 880 (3 microM) each reduced the amplitude of nonadrenergic IPSPs and hyperpolarizations evoked by somatostatin. In contrast with the other antagonists, CYN 154806 also reduced the durations of nonadrenergic IPSPs. Effects of WAY 100135 and CYN 154806 were additive. RT-PCR revealed gene transcripts for 5-HT(1A), SST(1), and SST(2) receptors in stripped Submucous Plexus preparations consistent with the pharmacological data. Although the involvement of other neurotransmitters or receptors cannot be excluded, we conclude that 5-HT(1A), SST(1), and SST(2) receptors mediate nonadrenergic IPSPs in the noncholinergic (VIP) secretomotor neurons. This study thus provides the tools to identify functions of enteric neural pathways that inhibit secretomotor reflexes.
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mGluR1 Receptors Contribute to Non-Purinergic Slow Excitatory Transmission to Submucosal VIP Neurons of Guinea-Pig Ileum
Frontiers in neuroscience, 2009Co-Authors: Jaime Pei Pei Foong, Joel C. BornsteinAbstract:Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactive secretomotor neurons in the Submucous Plexus are involved in mediating bacterial toxin-induced hypersecretion leading to diarrhoea. VIP neurons become hyperexcitable after the mucosa is exposed to cholera toxin, which suggests that the manipulation of the excitability of these neurons may be therapeutic. This study used standard intracellular recording methods to systematically characterize slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked in submucosal VIP neurons by different stimulus regimes (1, 3 and 15 pulse 30 Hz stimulation), together with their associated input resistances and pharmacology. All slow EPSPs were associated with a significant increase in input resistance compared to baseline values. Slow EPSPs evoked by a single stimulus were confirmed to be purinergic, however, slow EPSPs evoked by 15 pulse trains were non-purinergic and those evoked by 3 pulse trains were mixed. NK1 or NK3 receptor antagonists did not affect slow EPSPs. The group I mGluR receptor antagonist, PHCCC reduced the amplitude of purinergic and non-purinergic slow EPSPs. Blocking mGluR1 receptors depressed the overall response to 3 and 15 pulse trains, but this effect was inconsistent, while blockade of mGluR5 receptors had no effect on the non-purinergic slow EPSPs. Thus, although other receptors are almost certainly involved, our data indicate that there are at least two pharmacologically distinct types of slow EPSPs in the VIP secretomotor neurons: one mediated by P2Y receptors and the other in part by mGluR1 receptors.
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Effects of cholera toxin on the potential difference and motor responses induced by distension in the rat proximal small intestine in vivo
American Journal of Physiology-gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2005Co-Authors: Shirin Kordasti, Maria Sapnara, Evan A. Thomas, Erik Lindström, Mikael Forsman, Joel C. BornsteinAbstract:Cholera toxin (CT) may induce uncontrolled firing in recurrent networks of secretomotor neurons in the Submucous Plexus. This hypothesis was tested in chloralose-anesthetized rats in vivo. The secr...
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ATP participates in three excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the Submucous Plexus of the guinea pig ileum.
The Journal of Physiology, 2004Co-Authors: R. L. Monro, Paul P. Bertrand, Joel C. BornsteinAbstract:Synaptic transmission between neurones intrinsic to the wall of the intestine involves multiple neurotransmitters. This study aimed to identify neurotransmitters responsible for non-cholinergic excitatory synaptic transmission in the Submucous Plexus of the guinea pig ileum. Intracellular recordings were made from secretomotor and vasodilator neurones. A single electrical stimulus to a fibre tract evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) with three different time courses – fast, slow and an EPSP with an intermediate time course (latency 96 ms, duration 1.2 s). In all neurones, blocking nicotinic receptors reduced fast EPSPs, but they were abolished in only 57 of 78 neurones. Fast EPSPs were also reduced by P2 purinoceptor blockade (5 of 27 neurones) or 5-HT3 receptor blockade (3 of 20 neurones). The intermediate EPSP was abolished by P2 receptor blockade (13 of 13 neurones) or by the specific P2Y1 receptor antagonist MRS 2179 (5 of 5 neurones) and was always preceded by a nicotinic or mixed nicotinic/purinergic fast EPSP. Intermediate EPSPs were observed in over half of all neurones including most non-cholinergic secretomotor neurones identified by immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal peptide. The slow EPSP evoked by a single pulse stimulus was also abolished by P2 receptor blockade (5 of 5 neurones) or by MRS 2179 (3 of 3 neurones). We conclude that fast EPSPs in Submucous neurones are mediated by acetylcholine acting at nicotinic receptors, ATP acting at P2X receptors and 5-HT acting at 5-HT3 receptors. Both the intermediate EPSP and the single stimulus slow EPSP are mediated by ATP acting at P2Y1 receptors
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Local neural control of intestinal motility: nerve circuits deduced for the guinea-pig small intestine.
Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 1994Co-Authors: Joel C. BornsteinAbstract:SUMMARY 1. Propulsion of digesta along the intestine appears to occur by the action of a series of local reflexes which cause contraction oral to the digesta and relaxation of circular muscle on the anal side. 2. There is now substantial evidence available about the identities of the enteric neurons that mediate these reflexes. 3. The motor neurons and interneurons of the reflex pathways lie within the myenteric Plexus. These neurons can be classified electrophysiologically as S-neurons and have distinctive projections and neurochemistries. 4. The sensory neurons may lie in the myenteric Plexus, but there is some evidence for sensory neurons in the Submucous Plexus. A contribution from extrinsic sensory neurons to local motility reflexes cannot be ruled out. Intrinsic sensory neurons are probably AH-neurons and are large multi-axonal cells.
Jaime Pei Pei Foong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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5-HT1A, SST1, and SST2 receptors mediate inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in the Submucous Plexus of the guinea pig ileum
American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2009Co-Authors: Jaime Pei Pei Foong, Laura J. Parry, Rachel M Gwynne, Joel C. BornsteinAbstract:Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactive neurons are important secretomotor neurons in the Submucous Plexus. They are the only submucosal neurons to receive inhibitory inputs and exhibit both noradrenergic and nonadrenergic inhibitory synaptic potentials (IPSPs). The former are mediated by alpha(2)-adrenoceptors, but the receptors mediating the latter have not been identified. We used standard intracellular recording, RT-PCR, and confocal microscopy to test whether 5-HT(1A), SST(1), and/or SST(2) receptors mediate nonadrenergic IPSPs in VIP submucosal neurons in guinea pig ileum in vitro. The specific 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY 100135 (1 microM) reduced the amplitude of IPSPs, an effect that persisted in the presence of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan (2 microM), suggesting that 5-HT might mediate a component of the IPSPs. Confocal microscopy revealed that there were many 5-HT-immunoreactive varicosities in close contact with VIP neurons. The specific SSTR(2) antagonist CYN 154806 (100 nM) and a specific SSTR(1) antagonist SRA 880 (3 microM) each reduced the amplitude of nonadrenergic IPSPs and hyperpolarizations evoked by somatostatin. In contrast with the other antagonists, CYN 154806 also reduced the durations of nonadrenergic IPSPs. Effects of WAY 100135 and CYN 154806 were additive. RT-PCR revealed gene transcripts for 5-HT(1A), SST(1), and SST(2) receptors in stripped Submucous Plexus preparations consistent with the pharmacological data. Although the involvement of other neurotransmitters or receptors cannot be excluded, we conclude that 5-HT(1A), SST(1), and SST(2) receptors mediate nonadrenergic IPSPs in the noncholinergic (VIP) secretomotor neurons. This study thus provides the tools to identify functions of enteric neural pathways that inhibit secretomotor reflexes.
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mGluR1 Receptors Contribute to Non-Purinergic Slow Excitatory Transmission to Submucosal VIP Neurons of Guinea-Pig Ileum
Frontiers in neuroscience, 2009Co-Authors: Jaime Pei Pei Foong, Joel C. BornsteinAbstract:Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactive secretomotor neurons in the Submucous Plexus are involved in mediating bacterial toxin-induced hypersecretion leading to diarrhoea. VIP neurons become hyperexcitable after the mucosa is exposed to cholera toxin, which suggests that the manipulation of the excitability of these neurons may be therapeutic. This study used standard intracellular recording methods to systematically characterize slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked in submucosal VIP neurons by different stimulus regimes (1, 3 and 15 pulse 30 Hz stimulation), together with their associated input resistances and pharmacology. All slow EPSPs were associated with a significant increase in input resistance compared to baseline values. Slow EPSPs evoked by a single stimulus were confirmed to be purinergic, however, slow EPSPs evoked by 15 pulse trains were non-purinergic and those evoked by 3 pulse trains were mixed. NK1 or NK3 receptor antagonists did not affect slow EPSPs. The group I mGluR receptor antagonist, PHCCC reduced the amplitude of purinergic and non-purinergic slow EPSPs. Blocking mGluR1 receptors depressed the overall response to 3 and 15 pulse trains, but this effect was inconsistent, while blockade of mGluR5 receptors had no effect on the non-purinergic slow EPSPs. Thus, although other receptors are almost certainly involved, our data indicate that there are at least two pharmacologically distinct types of slow EPSPs in the VIP secretomotor neurons: one mediated by P2Y receptors and the other in part by mGluR1 receptors.
Priscila De ,freitas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of ascorbic acid on the vasoactive intestinal peptide synthesis in the ileum Submucous Plexus of normal rats
Sociedade Brasileira de Endoscopia Digestiva - SOBED, 2005Co-Authors: Zanoni,jacqueline Nelisis, Priscila De ,freitasAbstract:BACKGROUND: The aging process is a deteriorating process that attacks the gastrointestinal tract, causing changes in the number and size of neurons from the enteric nervous system. The activity of free radicals on enteric neurons is helped by the significant reduction of antioxidants. AIM: Evaluate the effect of the ascorbic acid supplementation on the neurons that produce the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the Submucous Plexus of the ileum of normal rats for a period of 120 days. METHODS: Fifteen rats were divided in three groups: untreated control with 90 days, untreated control with 210 days and ascorbic acid-treated rats with 210 days. Ascorbic acid was given for 16 weeks from the 90th day of age by adding it to drinking water (1 g/L prepared fresh each day). The ileums were processed according to the immunohistochemistry technique for whole-mount preparation in order to detect the presence of VIP immunoreactive in the cellular bodies and nervous fibers in the neurons of the Submucous Plexus. We have verified their immunoreactivity and measured the cellular profile of 80 cellular bodies of VIP-ergic neurons from each studied group. RESULTS: The ascorbic acid supplementation did not alter physiological parameters such as water intake and food consumption of the three studied groups. We observed a significant increase of the cellular profile of VIP-ergic neurons in untreated control with 210 days when compared to untreated control with 90 days. The cellular profile of VIP-ergic neurons in ascorbic acid-treated rats with 210 days was bigger than those observed in others groups. CONCLUSION: The ascorbic acid had a neurotrophic effect on VIP-ergic neurons on the ileum after period 120 days of supplementation
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Efeitos do ácido ascórbico sobre a síntese de peptídio intestinal vasoativo do plexo submucoso do íleo de ratos normais
Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos e Pesquisas de Gastroenterologia e Outras Especialidades - IBEPEGE., 2005Co-Authors: Zanoni,jacqueline Nelisis, Priscila De ,freitasAbstract:BACKGROUND: The aging process is a deteriorating process that attacks the gastrointestinal tract, causing changes in the number and size of neurons from the enteric nervous system. The activity of free radicals on enteric neurons is helped by the significant reduction of antioxidants. AIM: Evaluate the effect of the ascorbic acid supplementation on the neurons that produce the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the Submucous Plexus of the ileum of normal rats for a period of 120 days. METHODS: Fifteen rats were divided in three groups: untreated control with 90 days, untreated control with 210 days and ascorbic acid-treated rats with 210 days. Ascorbic acid was given for 16 weeks from the 90th day of age by adding it to drinking water (1 g/L prepared fresh each day). The ileums were processed according to the immunohistochemistry technique for whole-mount preparation in order to detect the presence of VIP immunoreactive in the cellular bodies and nervous fibers in the neurons of the Submucous Plexus. We have verified their immunoreactivity and measured the cellular profile of 80 cellular bodies of VIP-ergic neurons from each studied group. RESULTS: The ascorbic acid supplementation did not alter physiological parameters such as water intake and food consumption of the three studied groups. We observed a significant increase of the cellular profile of VIP-ergic neurons in untreated control with 210 days when compared to untreated control with 90 days. The cellular profile of VIP-ergic neurons in ascorbic acid-treated rats with 210 days was bigger than those observed in others groups. CONCLUSION: The ascorbic acid had a neurotrophic effect on VIP-ergic neurons on the ileum after period 120 days of supplementation.RACIONAL: O envelhecimento é um processo deteriorativo que acomete o trato gastrointestinal, provocando alterações no número e tamanho dos neurônios do sistema nervoso entérico. A ação dos radicais livres nos neurônios entéricos é favorecida pela diminuição significativa de antioxidantes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação com ácido ascórbico sobre os neurônios submucosos do íleo de ratos normais que produzem o peptídio intestinal vasoativo (VIP) por um período de 120 dias. MÉTODOS: Quinze ratos foram divididos em três grupos: controles com 90 dias, controles com 210 dias e tratados com ácido ascórbico com 210 dias. O ácido ascórbico foi administrado durante 16 semanas a partir de 90 dias de idade pela adição em água (1 g/L/dia). O íleo foi processado para obtenção de preparados totais empregados na realização de técnica imunoistoquímica para detectar a presença de corpos celulares e fibras VIP imunoreativas nos neurônios do plexo submucoso. O perfil celular e a imunoreatividade de 80 corpos celulares de neurônios VIP-érgicos de cada grupo estudado foi verificada. RESULTADOS: A suplementação com ácido ascórbico não alterou parâmetros fisiológicos tais como a água ingerida e alimento consumido nos três grupos estudados. Observou-se aumento significativo do perfil celular dos neurônios VIP-érgicos dos animais controles com 210 dias, quando comparados com os controles com 90 dias. O perfil celular dos neurônios VIP-érgicos no grupo de animais tratados com ácido ascórbico foi maior do que aqueles observados nos grupos controles. CONCLUSÃO: O ácido ascórbico teve efeito neurotrófico sobre os neurônios VIP-érgicos do íleo após 120 dias de suplementação
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Effects of ascorbic acid on the vasoactive intestinal peptide synthesis in the ileum Submucous Plexus of normal rats Efeitos do ácido ascórbico sobre a síntese de peptídio intestinal vasoativo do plexo submucoso do íleo de ratos normais
Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos e Pesquisas de Gastroenterologia (IBEPEGE), 2005Co-Authors: Jacqueline Nelisis Zanoni, Priscila De ,freitasAbstract:BACKGROUND: The aging process is a deteriorating process that attacks the gastrointestinal tract, causing changes in the number and size of neurons from the enteric nervous system. The activity of free radicals on enteric neurons is helped by the significant reduction of antioxidants. AIM: Evaluate the effect of the ascorbic acid supplementation on the neurons that produce the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the Submucous Plexus of the ileum of normal rats for a period of 120 days. METHODS: Fifteen rats were divided in three groups: untreated control with 90 days, untreated control with 210 days and ascorbic acid-treated rats with 210 days. Ascorbic acid was given for 16 weeks from the 90th day of age by adding it to drinking water (1 g/L prepared fresh each day). The ileums were processed according to the immunohistochemistry technique for whole-mount preparation in order to detect the presence of VIP immunoreactive in the cellular bodies and nervous fibers in the neurons of the Submucous Plexus. We have verified their immunoreactivity and measured the cellular profile of 80 cellular bodies of VIP-ergic neurons from each studied group. RESULTS: The ascorbic acid supplementation did not alter physiological parameters such as water intake and food consumption of the three studied groups. We observed a significant increase of the cellular profile of VIP-ergic neurons in untreated control with 210 days when compared to untreated control with 90 days. The cellular profile of VIP-ergic neurons in ascorbic acid-treated rats with 210 days was bigger than those observed in others groups. CONCLUSION: The ascorbic acid had a neurotrophic effect on VIP-ergic neurons on the ileum after period 120 days of supplementation.RACIONAL: O envelhecimento é um processo deteriorativo que acomete o trato gastrointestinal, provocando alterações no número e tamanho dos neurônios do sistema nervoso entérico. A ação dos radicais livres nos neurônios entéricos é favorecida pela diminuição significativa de antioxidantes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação com ácido ascórbico sobre os neurônios submucosos do íleo de ratos normais que produzem o peptídio intestinal vasoativo (VIP) por um período de 120 dias. MÉTODOS: Quinze ratos foram divididos em três grupos: controles com 90 dias, controles com 210 dias e tratados com ácido ascórbico com 210 dias. O ácido ascórbico foi administrado durante 16 semanas a partir de 90 dias de idade pela adição em água (1 g/L/dia). O íleo foi processado para obtenção de preparados totais empregados na realização de técnica imunoistoquímica para detectar a presença de corpos celulares e fibras VIP imunoreativas nos neurônios do plexo submucoso. O perfil celular e a imunoreatividade de 80 corpos celulares de neurônios VIP-érgicos de cada grupo estudado foi verificada. RESULTADOS: A suplementação com ácido ascórbico não alterou parâmetros fisiológicos tais como a água ingerida e alimento consumido nos três grupos estudados. Observou-se aumento significativo do perfil celular dos neurônios VIP-érgicos dos animais controles com 210 dias, quando comparados com os controles com 90 dias. O perfil celular dos neurônios VIP-érgicos no grupo de animais tratados com ácido ascórbico foi maior do que aqueles observados nos grupos controles. CONCLUSÃO: O ácido ascórbico teve efeito neurotrófico sobre os neurônios VIP-érgicos do íleo após 120 dias de suplementação
Jacqueline Nelisis Zanoni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2002;60(1):32-37 TERMINAL ILEUM Submucous Plexus Study of the VIP-ergic neurons of diabetic rats treated with ascorbic acid
2016Co-Authors: Jacqueline Nelisis Zanoni, Luzmarina Hern, Roberto Barbosa Bazotte, Marcílio Hubner De Mir, A NetoAbstract:ABSTRACT- The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation on the neurons that produce the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the Submucous Plexus of the ileum of rat, four months after the induction of experimental diabetes mellitus with streptozotocin. Three groups of rats wer
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Effects of ascorbic acid on the vasoactive intestinal peptide synthesis in the ileum Submucous Plexus of normal rats Efeitos do ácido ascórbico sobre a síntese de peptídio intestinal vasoativo do plexo submucoso do íleo de ratos normais
Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos e Pesquisas de Gastroenterologia (IBEPEGE), 2005Co-Authors: Jacqueline Nelisis Zanoni, Priscila De ,freitasAbstract:BACKGROUND: The aging process is a deteriorating process that attacks the gastrointestinal tract, causing changes in the number and size of neurons from the enteric nervous system. The activity of free radicals on enteric neurons is helped by the significant reduction of antioxidants. AIM: Evaluate the effect of the ascorbic acid supplementation on the neurons that produce the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the Submucous Plexus of the ileum of normal rats for a period of 120 days. METHODS: Fifteen rats were divided in three groups: untreated control with 90 days, untreated control with 210 days and ascorbic acid-treated rats with 210 days. Ascorbic acid was given for 16 weeks from the 90th day of age by adding it to drinking water (1 g/L prepared fresh each day). The ileums were processed according to the immunohistochemistry technique for whole-mount preparation in order to detect the presence of VIP immunoreactive in the cellular bodies and nervous fibers in the neurons of the Submucous Plexus. We have verified their immunoreactivity and measured the cellular profile of 80 cellular bodies of VIP-ergic neurons from each studied group. RESULTS: The ascorbic acid supplementation did not alter physiological parameters such as water intake and food consumption of the three studied groups. We observed a significant increase of the cellular profile of VIP-ergic neurons in untreated control with 210 days when compared to untreated control with 90 days. The cellular profile of VIP-ergic neurons in ascorbic acid-treated rats with 210 days was bigger than those observed in others groups. CONCLUSION: The ascorbic acid had a neurotrophic effect on VIP-ergic neurons on the ileum after period 120 days of supplementation.RACIONAL: O envelhecimento é um processo deteriorativo que acomete o trato gastrointestinal, provocando alterações no número e tamanho dos neurônios do sistema nervoso entérico. A ação dos radicais livres nos neurônios entéricos é favorecida pela diminuição significativa de antioxidantes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação com ácido ascórbico sobre os neurônios submucosos do íleo de ratos normais que produzem o peptídio intestinal vasoativo (VIP) por um período de 120 dias. MÉTODOS: Quinze ratos foram divididos em três grupos: controles com 90 dias, controles com 210 dias e tratados com ácido ascórbico com 210 dias. O ácido ascórbico foi administrado durante 16 semanas a partir de 90 dias de idade pela adição em água (1 g/L/dia). O íleo foi processado para obtenção de preparados totais empregados na realização de técnica imunoistoquímica para detectar a presença de corpos celulares e fibras VIP imunoreativas nos neurônios do plexo submucoso. O perfil celular e a imunoreatividade de 80 corpos celulares de neurônios VIP-érgicos de cada grupo estudado foi verificada. RESULTADOS: A suplementação com ácido ascórbico não alterou parâmetros fisiológicos tais como a água ingerida e alimento consumido nos três grupos estudados. Observou-se aumento significativo do perfil celular dos neurônios VIP-érgicos dos animais controles com 210 dias, quando comparados com os controles com 90 dias. O perfil celular dos neurônios VIP-érgicos no grupo de animais tratados com ácido ascórbico foi maior do que aqueles observados nos grupos controles. CONCLUSÃO: O ácido ascórbico teve efeito neurotrófico sobre os neurônios VIP-érgicos do íleo após 120 dias de suplementação
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Effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on Vip-ergic neurons in jejunum Submucous Plexus of diabetic rats Efeito da acetil-L-carnitina sobre neurônios Vip-érgicos do plexo submucoso do jejuno de ratos diabéticos
Academia Brasileira de Neurologia (ABNEURO), 2003Co-Authors: Marli Aparecida Defani, Jacqueline Nelisis Zanoni, Roberto Barbosa Bazotte, Maria Raquel Marçal Natali, Marcílio Hubner De Miranda NetoAbstract:The effect of the treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) on neurons releasing the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) of the Submucous Plexus in the jejunum of diabetic rats was the purpose of our investigation. Diabetes (DM) was induced by injecting streptozotocin endovenously (35mg/kg). After sacrificing the animals, the jejunum was collected and processed for VIP detection. Four groups were used: C (non-diabetic), CC (non-diabetic treated with ALC), D (diabetic), DC (diabetes treated with ALC). We analyzed the immunoreactivity and the cellular profile of 126 cell bodies. The treatment with ALC improved some aspects of DM. However, it promoted a small increase in the area of neurons from group CC, suggesting a possible neurotrophic effect. Neurons from groups D and DC showed a large increase in their cellular profile and immunoreactivity when compared to C and CC, suggesting a larger concentration of this neurotransmitter within the neurons that produce it. This observation constitutes a recurrent finding in diabetic animals, suggesting that ALC doesnot interfere in the pathophysiological mechanisms that unchain a higher production and/or neurotransmitter accumulation and increase the profile of the VIP-ergic neurons.Investigamos o efeito da acetil-L-carnitina (ALC) sobre os neurônios que expressam o peptídeo intestinal vasoativo (VIP) do plexo submucoso no jejuno de ratos diabéticos. O diabetes (DM) foi induzido pela administração endovenosa de estreptozootocina (35mg/kg). Após o sacrifício dos animais, o jejuno foi coletado e processado para a detecção de VIP. Utilizou-se quatro grupos: C (não diabéticos), CC (não diabéticos suplementados com ALC), D (diabéticos) e DC (diabéticos suplementados com ALC). Analisou-se a imunoreatividade e o perfil celular de 126 corpos celulares. O tratamento com ALC melhorou alguns aspectos do DM. Porém, promoveu pequeno aumento na área dos neurônios do grupo CC, indicando possível efeito neurotrófico. Neurônios dos grupos D e DC apresentaram grande aumento do perfil celular e na imunoreatividade em relação a C e CC, sugerindo maior concentração deste neurotransmissor nestes neurônios. Esta observação é constante em animais diabéticos, sugerindo que a ALC não interfere nos mecanismos fisiopatológicos que desencadeiam a maior produção e/ou acúmulo de neurotransmissor e aumento do perfil dos neurônios VIP-érgicos
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Terminal ileum Submucous Plexus: Study of the VIP-ergic neurons of diabetic rats treated with ascorbic acid Plexo submucoso de íleo terminal: estudo dos neurônios VIP-érgicos de ratos diabéticos tratados com ácido ascórbico
Academia Brasileira de Neurologia (ABNEURO), 2002Co-Authors: Jacqueline Nelisis Zanoni, Roberto Barbosa Bazotte, Luzmarina Hernandes, Marcílio Hubner De Miranda NetoAbstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation on the neurons that produce the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the Submucous Plexus of the ileum of rat, four months after the induction of experimental diabetes mellitus with streptozotocin. Three groups of rats were used: C - control, D - diabetic, DA - diabetic receiving AA. We have measured the immunoreactivity and area of 80 cellular bodies of VIP-ergic neurons from each studied group. In the diabetic animals, we have observed hyperphagia, polydipsia, and an increase of glycemia and glycated hemoglobin. The VIP-ergic neurons have presented an increase of their immunoreactivity and the highest profiles when compared to the other groups. In the diabetic animals supplemented with AA it has been observed a small reduction in the glycemia and the water and food intake. We have also noticed smaller immunoreactivity in their VIP-ergic neurons, similar to what we have observed in the control group animals (group C).O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação com ácido ascórbico (AA) sobre os neurônios que expressam o peptídeo intestinal vasoativo (VIP) no plexo submucoso do íleo de ratos, quatro meses após a indução do diabetes mellitus experimental com estreptozootocina. Três grupos de ratos foram usados: C- controles, D- diabéticos, DA- diabéticos recebendo AA. Foram avaliadas a imunoreatividade e a área de 80 corpos celulares de neurônios VIP-érgicos de cada grupo estudado. Nos animais diabéticos ocorreram hirperfagia, polidipsia, elevação da glicemia e hemoglobina glicada. Os neurônios VIP-érgicos apresentaram aumento da imunorreatividade e os maiores perfis, quando comparados aos demais grupos. Nos animais diabéticos suplementados com AA observou-se pequena redução na glicemia, ingesta de água e de alimento, verificando-se também menor imunorreatividade nos neurônios VIP-érgicos, o que foi semelhante ao observado nos animais do grupo controle (grupo C)
Rachel M Gwynne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nitric oxide enhances inhibitory synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability in guinea-pig Submucous Plexus
'Frontiers Media SA', 2010Co-Authors: J C Bornstein, Rachel M Gwynne, Ka Marks, Foong Jpp, Zh WangAbstract:Varicosities immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) make synaptic connections with submucosal neurons in the guinea-pig small intestine, but the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on these neurons are unknown. We used intracellular recording to characterize effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor) and nitro-l-arginine (NOLA, NOS inhibitor), on inhibitory synaptic potentials (IPSPs), slow excitatory synaptic potentials (EPSPs) and action potential firing in submucosal neurons of guinea-pig ileum in vitro. Recordings were made from neurons with the characteristic IPSPs of non-cholinergic secretomotor neurons. SNP (100 muM) markedly enhanced IPSPs evoked by single stimuli applied to intermodal strands and IPSPs evoked by trains of 2-10 pulses (30 Hz). Both noradrenergic (idazoxan-sensitive) and non-adrenergic (idazoxan-insensitive) IPSPs were affected. SNP enhanced hyperpolarizations evoked by locally applied noradrenaline or somatostatin. SNP did not affect slow EPSPs evoked by single stimuli, but depressed slow EPSPs evoked by stimulus trains. NOLA (100 muM) depressed IPSPs evoked by one to three stimulus pulses and enhanced slow EPSPs evoked by trains of two to three stimuli (30 Hz). SNP also increased the number of action potentials and the duration of firing evoked by prolonged (500 or 1000 ms) depolarizing current pulses, but NOLA had no consistent effect on action potential firing. We conclude that neurally released NO acts post-synaptically to enhance IPSPs and depress slow EPSPs, but may enhance the intrinsic excitability of these neurons. Thus, NOS neurons may locally regulate several secretomotor pathways ending on common neurons
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5-HT1A, SST1, and SST2 receptors mediate inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in the Submucous Plexus of the guinea pig ileum
American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2009Co-Authors: Jaime Pei Pei Foong, Laura J. Parry, Rachel M Gwynne, Joel C. BornsteinAbstract:Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactive neurons are important secretomotor neurons in the Submucous Plexus. They are the only submucosal neurons to receive inhibitory inputs and exhibit both noradrenergic and nonadrenergic inhibitory synaptic potentials (IPSPs). The former are mediated by alpha(2)-adrenoceptors, but the receptors mediating the latter have not been identified. We used standard intracellular recording, RT-PCR, and confocal microscopy to test whether 5-HT(1A), SST(1), and/or SST(2) receptors mediate nonadrenergic IPSPs in VIP submucosal neurons in guinea pig ileum in vitro. The specific 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY 100135 (1 microM) reduced the amplitude of IPSPs, an effect that persisted in the presence of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan (2 microM), suggesting that 5-HT might mediate a component of the IPSPs. Confocal microscopy revealed that there were many 5-HT-immunoreactive varicosities in close contact with VIP neurons. The specific SSTR(2) antagonist CYN 154806 (100 nM) and a specific SSTR(1) antagonist SRA 880 (3 microM) each reduced the amplitude of nonadrenergic IPSPs and hyperpolarizations evoked by somatostatin. In contrast with the other antagonists, CYN 154806 also reduced the durations of nonadrenergic IPSPs. Effects of WAY 100135 and CYN 154806 were additive. RT-PCR revealed gene transcripts for 5-HT(1A), SST(1), and SST(2) receptors in stripped Submucous Plexus preparations consistent with the pharmacological data. Although the involvement of other neurotransmitters or receptors cannot be excluded, we conclude that 5-HT(1A), SST(1), and SST(2) receptors mediate nonadrenergic IPSPs in the noncholinergic (VIP) secretomotor neurons. This study thus provides the tools to identify functions of enteric neural pathways that inhibit secretomotor reflexes.
