The Experts below are selected from a list of 237 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
James C Gee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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age related changes in working memory during sentence comprehension an fmri study
NeuroImage, 2002Co-Authors: Murray Grossman, Ayanna Cooke, Chris Devita, David C Alsop, John A Detre, Willis Chen, James C GeeAbstract:Sentence comprehension declines with age, but the neural basis for this change is unclear. We monitored regional brain activity in 13 younger subjects and 11 healthy seniors matched for sentence comprehension accuracy while they answered a simple probe about written sentences. The sentences varied in their grammatical features (subject-relative vs object-relative Subordinate Clause) and their verbal working memory (WM) demands (short vs long antecedent noun-gap linkage). We found that young and senior subjects both recruit a core written sentence processing network, including left posterolateral temporal and bilateral occipital cortex for all sentences, and ventral portions of left inferior frontal cortex for object-relative sentences with a long noun-gap linkage. Differences in activation patterns for seniors compared to younger subjects were due largely to changes in brain regions associated with a verbal WM network. While seniors had less left parietal recruitment than younger subjects, left premotor cortex, and dorsal portions of left inferior frontal cortex showed greater activation in seniors compared to younger subjects. Younger subjects recruited right posterolateral temporal cortex for sentences with a long noun-gap linkage. Seniors additionally recruited right parietal cortex for this sentence-specific form of WM. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the neural basis for sentence comprehension includes dissociable but interactive large-scale neural networks supporting core written sentence processes and related cognitive resources involved in WM. Seniors with good comprehension appear to up-regulate portions of the neural substrate for WM during sentence processing to achieve comprehension accuracy that equals young subjects.
Shelley L Bredinoja - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Subordinate Clause comprehension and tense agreement inconsistency in children with specific language impairment
Journal of Communication Disorders, 2016Co-Authors: Sofia M Souto, Laurence B Leonard, Patricia Deevy, Marc E Fey, Shelley L BredinojaAbstract:Abstract Several recent studies have suggested that the production errors of children with specific language impairment (SLI) such as The girl singing may be explained by a misinterpretation of grammatical adult input containing a similar structure (e.g., The boy hears the girl singing). Thirteen children with SLI and 13 younger typically developing children with comparable sentence comprehension test scores (TD-COMP) completed a comprehension task to assess their understanding of sentences involving a nonfinite subject-verb sequence in a Subordinate Clause such as The dad sees the boy running. TD-COMP children were more accurate on Subordinate Clause items than children with SLI despite similar performance on simple transitive (e.g., The horse sees the cow) and simple progressive (e.g., The cow is eating) items. However, no relationship was found between the SLI group’s specific Subordinate Clause comprehension level and their specific level of auxiliary is production, casting some doubt on this type of structure as a source for inconsistent use of auxiliary is. Learning outcomes The reader will learn that children with specific language impairment (SLI): (1) have difficulty understanding complex sentences that include nonfinite subject-verb sequences; (2) that this difficulty is apparent in comparison to younger typically developing peers who have similar scores not only on a sentence comprehension test, but also on simple sentences that correspond to the component parts of the complex sentences; and (3) that this weakness is concurrent with these children’s inconsistent use of auxiliary is in production. Although novel verb studies show a clear connection between how children with SLI hear new verbs and how they use them, we do not yet have evidence that this connection is tied to a poor understanding of the input sentences that house the verbs.
Jos J A Van Berkum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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on the use of verb based implicit causality in sentence comprehension evidence from self paced reading and eye tracking
Journal of Memory and Language, 2006Co-Authors: Arnout Koornneef, Jos J A Van BerkumAbstract:In two experiments, we examined the recent claim (Stewart, Pickering, & Sanford, 2000) that verb-based implicit causality information is used during sentence–final clausal integration only. We did so by looking for mid-sentence reading delays caused by pronouns that are inconsistent with the bias of a preceding implicit causality verb (e.g., “David praised Linda because he…”). In a self-paced reading task, such pronouns immediately slowed down reading, at the two words immediately following the pronoun. In eye tracking, bias-inconsistent pronouns also immediately perturbed the reading process, as indexed by significant delays in various first pass measures at and shortly after the critical pronoun. Hence, readers can recruit verb-based implicit causality information in the service of comprehension rapidly enough to impact on the interpretation of a pronoun early in the Subordinate Clause. We take our results to suggest that implicit causality is used proactively, allowing readers to focus on, and perhaps even predict, who or what will be talked about next.
Ico Davids - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Subordinate Clause prolepsis in russian
Russian Linguistics, 2013Co-Authors: Egbert Fortuin, Ico DavidsAbstract:This paper provides a semantic analysis of Russian sentences in which an element, that is dependent on an element in the Subordinate Clause, occurs in the main Clause. We will call this phenomenon, which is typical for spoken and informal Russian, ‘Subordinate Clause prolepsis’. The paper offers a qualitative analysis, using data from the literature, the internet, the Russian National Corpus, and an acceptability survey. It is shown that there are two factors which are relevant in the case of Subordinate Clause prolepsis. Firstly, Subordinate Clause prolepsis is only possible if the Subordinate Clause is a content Clause. Secondly, Subordinate Clause prolepsis is triggered by factors of information structure. This paper gives a detailed analysis of the specific factors of information structure that can trigger prolepsis, such as topicalization, focalization, and parallelism.
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Subordinate Clause prolepsis in russian пролепсис придаточного предложения в русском языке
2013Co-Authors: Egbert Fortuin, Ico DavidsAbstract:This paper provides a semantic analysis of Russian sentences in which an element, that is dependent on an element in the Subordinate Clause, occurs in the main Clause. We will call this phenomenon, which is typical for spoken and informal Russian, 'Subordinate Clause prolepsis'. The paper offers a qualitative analysis, using data from the literature, the internet, the Russian National Corpus, and an acceptability survey. It is shown that there are two factors which are relevant in the case of Subordinate Clause prolepsis. Firstly, Subordinate Clause prolepsis is only possible if the Subordinate Clause is a content Clause. Secondly, Subordinate Clause prolepsis is triggered by factors of information structure. This paper gives a detailed analysis of the specific factors of information structure that can trigger prolepsis, such as topicalization, focalization, and parallelism. Аннотация Данная статья рассматривает высказывания с интерпозицией главной ча- сти предложения по отношению к зависимой. Иначе говоря, в таких конструкциях элемент предложения, который по семантике принадлежит элементу придаточного предложения, находится в главном предложении. Этот феномен, который является характерным для разговорной речи, авторы этой статьи называют «пролепсис прида- точного предложения». Целью статьи является семантический анализ и объяснение этой конструкции. На большом фактическом материале (материал состоит из при- меров, взятых из литературы, корпуса, интернета, и результатов анкеты по приемле- мости среди носителей русского языка) оказывается, что есть два фактора, влияю- щих на пролепсис. Во-первых, пролепсис возможен только с членами изъяснительно- го предложения. Во-вторых, возможность употребления этой конструкции связана с актуальным членением предложения. В статье подробно устанавливаются критерии актуального членения, которые позволяют употреблять конструкцию (т.е. топикали- зация ( topicalization), фокализация ( focalization), и параллелизм (parallelism)).
Murray Grossman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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age related changes in working memory during sentence comprehension an fmri study
NeuroImage, 2002Co-Authors: Murray Grossman, Ayanna Cooke, Chris Devita, David C Alsop, John A Detre, Willis Chen, James C GeeAbstract:Sentence comprehension declines with age, but the neural basis for this change is unclear. We monitored regional brain activity in 13 younger subjects and 11 healthy seniors matched for sentence comprehension accuracy while they answered a simple probe about written sentences. The sentences varied in their grammatical features (subject-relative vs object-relative Subordinate Clause) and their verbal working memory (WM) demands (short vs long antecedent noun-gap linkage). We found that young and senior subjects both recruit a core written sentence processing network, including left posterolateral temporal and bilateral occipital cortex for all sentences, and ventral portions of left inferior frontal cortex for object-relative sentences with a long noun-gap linkage. Differences in activation patterns for seniors compared to younger subjects were due largely to changes in brain regions associated with a verbal WM network. While seniors had less left parietal recruitment than younger subjects, left premotor cortex, and dorsal portions of left inferior frontal cortex showed greater activation in seniors compared to younger subjects. Younger subjects recruited right posterolateral temporal cortex for sentences with a long noun-gap linkage. Seniors additionally recruited right parietal cortex for this sentence-specific form of WM. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the neural basis for sentence comprehension includes dissociable but interactive large-scale neural networks supporting core written sentence processes and related cognitive resources involved in WM. Seniors with good comprehension appear to up-regulate portions of the neural substrate for WM during sentence processing to achieve comprehension accuracy that equals young subjects.
