The Experts below are selected from a list of 47016 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Huifang Han - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of Subsoiling before winter wheat on water consumption characteristics and yield of summer maize on the north china plain
Agricultural Water Management, 2020Co-Authors: Naikun Kuang, Dechong Tan, Qishu Gou, Huifang HanAbstract:Abstract As an important industry for national development, summer maize production occupies a key position in China and globally. However, agricultural water consumption is becoming increasingly problematic, and global climate change and long-term traditional rotary tillage have negative effects on the soil surface layer. Subsoiling has been an effective measure to improve soil surface-layer structure and increase yield. In the present study, field experiments were conducted to compare the effects of Subsoiling and rotary tillage in winter wheat and summer maize double cropping systems. Subsoiling treatments at a depth of 40 cm (S40) and 35 cm (S35), and rotary tillage at a depth of 15 cm (R15) before winter wheat planting were used, and the effects of tillage methods on soil stable infiltration rate, soil water consumption, evapotranspiration, grain yield, and crop water productivity (CWP) in summer maize growing seasons were determined. The results showed that Subsoiling significantly improved soil infiltration rate. Water consumption in the Subsoiling treatments increased significantly, and especially promoted the crops to utilize soil water at depths below 60 cm in the soil profile. As a result, compared with R15, kernel numbers per row and 1000–grain weight in S35 were significantly increased; therefore, both grain yield and CWP were significantly improved. Our results indicate that the S35 treatment is a reasonable Subsoiling measure on the North China Plain, which can increase both summer maize grain yield and CWP in double cropping systems.
-
coupling effects of urea types and Subsoiling on nitrogen water use and yield of different varieties of maize in northern china
Field Crops Research, 2013Co-Authors: Tangyuan Ning, Huifang Han, Zongzheng Zhang, Shujun Qin, Yanhai ZhengAbstract:Abstract Increasing nitrogen and water use efficiencies is most important for the agricultural sustainable development in China, especially in northern China. This paper mainly studied the coupling effects of controlled-release urea and Subsoiling on nitrogen and water use efficiency, and yield. The experiment adopted a split–split plot design. Main plots were varieties, including Zhengdan 958 (Z) and Denghai 3 (D). Subplots consisted of two tillage methods: rototilling for stubble breaking (R), and Subsoiling after rototilling for stubble breaking (S). Sub-subplots were N regimes: conventional urea (U), controlled-release urea (C) with the amount of 225 kg N/ha, and non-N as the control. The nitrate reductase, grain quality and straw yield, soil nitrate, and nitrogen and water use efficiency were evaluated. The results showed that, the soil nitrate content of the treatment that applied the controlled-release urea at the spike formation stage is lower than the conventional urea; however, after flowering, the soil nitrate content of the treatment that applied the controlled-release urea was significantly higher than that of the conventional urea. And the treatment that applied the controlled-release urea increased the N uptake of the aboveground portion and water use efficiency of the maize. And the treatment with Subsoiling maintained a high level of nitrate reductase under the same maize varieties and urea type conditions, boosted the N uptake of the aboveground portion, and increase the water use and the biomass yield. Furthermore, under the same tillage and urea type, the biomass production of Denghai 3 was higher than Zhengdan 958. The results showed that there were significant coupling effects of urea types and Subsoiling on nitrogen–water use and yield of different varieties of maize. Selecting suitable varieties and using controlled-release urea combined with Subsoiling can improve the efficiency of water and nitrogen use efficiency and increase the grain yield in northern China.
R E Sojka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
zone Subsoiling relationships to bulk density and cone index on a furrow irrigated soil
Transactions of the ASABE, 2001Co-Authors: J K Aase, David L Bjorneberg, R E SojkaAbstract:Zone Subsoiling on irrigated land has been successfully used to improve potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield and quality. Zone Subsoiling under furrow irrigation may disrupt water flow and influence infiltration and soil erosion. We hypothesized that zone Subsoiling, done appropriately, will maintain integrity of irrigation furrows, improve small grain and dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) growth and yield, and not adversely affect water flow, infiltration, or erosion on furrow–irrigated soils. The experiment was conducted at the USDA–ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory in Kimberly, Idaho. The soil is a Portneuf silt loam (coarse–silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcids). Tillage treatments were disk, disk + paratill, paratill, and no–till.There were no differences in water infiltration, runoff, or soil erosion among treatments. Bulk density differences among treatments were largest at the 0.15 to 0.20–m depth, and bulk density was about 16% to 18% greater on disk and no–till treatments than on paratill treatments. The highest frequency of low cone index (CI) values belonged to paratill treatments (65% to 80% frequency of CI values less than 2 MPa); the lowest frequency of low CI values belonged to no–till treatment (20% frequency less than 2 MPa). Cone index versus bulk density relationships depended on soil water content with a slope of 5.81 (r 2 = 0.70) in the wetter year of 1997, and 2.90 in the drier year of 1995 (r 2 = 0.60). Subsoiling can be accomplished on furrow–irrigated lands with no adverse effects on runoff, infiltration, and erosion, but under our conditions did not improve crop growth and yield.
-
Subsoiling and surface tillage effects on soil physical properties and forage oat stand and yield
Soil & Tillage Research, 1997Co-Authors: R E Sojka, D J Horne, C W Ross, C J BakerAbstract:Much of New Zealand's agriculture integrates animal and crop production on poorly drained, easily compacted soils. We hypothesized that soil properties affecting forage oat (Avena sativa, cv Awapuni) establishment on land compacted by 15 years of conventional cropping might be influenced by various Subsoiling and surface tillage combinations. Plots on a Moutoa silty clay (Typic Haplaquoll) were paraplowed (P), deep subsoiled (V), shallow subsoiled (S), or were left as non-subsoiled controls (C). Subsequently, the surface 15 cm was surface-tilled (T) using a power rotary-tiller and firmed with a Cambridge roller or were not tilled (N). Oats were then sown with a cross-slot drill. Subsoiling greatly reduced soil strength. Cone indices showed disruption to 40 cm with P, 36 cm for V, and 30 cm for S. Approximately 60% of profile cone indices to a depth of 0.5 m from subsoiled treatments were less than 1.5 MPa, compared to approximately 30% for C. T slightly improved strength distribution in non-subsoiled controls but had little effect in subsoiled treatments. Subsoiling without T continued to show improved profile cone index cumulative frequency 233 days after Subsoiling. Subsoiling after T in this high rainfall climate eliminated most of the separation in cumulative frequency of soil profile cone index values by two weeks after T. T reduced emergence from 142 to 113 plants per square meter and reduced yield from 5318 to 3679 kg ha−1. Forage yield increased from 3974 to 4674 kg ha−1 with Subsoiling. Soil porosity, saturated and slightly unsaturated hydraulic conductivities (KSAT and K−40) and air permeability were highly variable but generally increased with Subsoiling. Oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) (using Pt microelectrodes) was also variable, but N and C treatments had consistently lower ODRs than T or subsoiled treatments. Generally, Subsoiling without T produced better soil conditions and oat crop performance than the prevailing New Zealand practice of T without Subsoiling.
-
zone Subsoiling effects on infiltration runoff erosion and yields of furrow irrigated potatoes
Soil & Tillage Research, 1993Co-Authors: R E Sojka, D T Westermann, M J Brown, B D MeekAbstract:Sojka, R.E., Westermann, D.T., Brown, M.J. and Meek, B.D., 1993. Zone-Subsoiling effects on infiltration, runoff, erosion, and yields of furrow-irrigated potatoes. Soil Tillage Res., 25: 351-368. Soil compaction is a problem in many Pacific Northwest fields. We hypothesized that zone Subsoiling would improve potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. 'Russet Burbank' ) yield or grade, increase infiltration, and decrease bulk density, runoff, and erosion of furrow-irrigated fields, while maintaining trafficability and irrigability of furrows. A 2 year study was established on a Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthids). In the fall, plots were in wheat stubble (1988) or bean stover (1989), and were either disked (10-12 cm ), chiselled (25-30 cm ), or moldboard plowed (20-25 cm ). Fall tillages were split in spring, half of each plot receiving in-row zone Subsoiling (46 cm ) after planting potatoes. The effect of zone Subsoiling on infiltration in 1989 was small because of variation across fall tillages. In 1990, zone Subsoiling increased infiltration by 10% across fall tillages. Erosion decreased up to 278% with zone Subsoiling. Zone Subsoiling reduced erosion more effectively than it increased infiltration, shown by a two- to three-fold decrease in the sediment loss to water infiltrated ratio. Zone Subsoiling increased infiltration and reduced erosion more in 1990 when the study was conducted on a slightly steeper slope with higher water application rates than in 1989. In 1989, zone Subsoiling increased the yield of grade 1 tubers by 3.8 t ha-' (4.6%), but the total yield was not significantly increased. In 1990, zone Subsoiling increased the total yield by 4.2 t haand the yield of grade 1 tubers by 5.6 t ha-' (7.7%). With zone Subsoiling, the percentage of large grade 1 market-grade tubers increased by 3.3% in 1989 and 5.7% in 1990. Zone Subsoiling requires some extra attention by the irrigator early in the season to insure uniform furrow irrigation, but it can potentially conserve both soil and water while improving grade and yield.
Naikun Kuang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of Subsoiling before winter wheat on water consumption characteristics and yield of summer maize on the north china plain
Agricultural Water Management, 2020Co-Authors: Naikun Kuang, Dechong Tan, Qishu Gou, Huifang HanAbstract:Abstract As an important industry for national development, summer maize production occupies a key position in China and globally. However, agricultural water consumption is becoming increasingly problematic, and global climate change and long-term traditional rotary tillage have negative effects on the soil surface layer. Subsoiling has been an effective measure to improve soil surface-layer structure and increase yield. In the present study, field experiments were conducted to compare the effects of Subsoiling and rotary tillage in winter wheat and summer maize double cropping systems. Subsoiling treatments at a depth of 40 cm (S40) and 35 cm (S35), and rotary tillage at a depth of 15 cm (R15) before winter wheat planting were used, and the effects of tillage methods on soil stable infiltration rate, soil water consumption, evapotranspiration, grain yield, and crop water productivity (CWP) in summer maize growing seasons were determined. The results showed that Subsoiling significantly improved soil infiltration rate. Water consumption in the Subsoiling treatments increased significantly, and especially promoted the crops to utilize soil water at depths below 60 cm in the soil profile. As a result, compared with R15, kernel numbers per row and 1000–grain weight in S35 were significantly increased; therefore, both grain yield and CWP were significantly improved. Our results indicate that the S35 treatment is a reasonable Subsoiling measure on the North China Plain, which can increase both summer maize grain yield and CWP in double cropping systems.
Zhiqiang Gao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Subsoiling and Sowing Time Influence Soil Water Content, Nitrogen Translocation and Yield of Dryland Winter Wheat
MDPI AG, 2019Co-Authors: Yan Fei Liang, Min Sun, Aixia Ren, Shahbaz Khan, Wen Lin, Sumera Anwar, Zhiqiang GaoAbstract:Dryland winter wheat in the Loess Plateau is facing a yield reduction due to a shortage of soil moisture and delayed sowing time. The field experiment was conducted at Loess Plateau in Shanxi, China from 2012 to 2015, to study the effect of Subsoiling and conventional tillage and different sowing dates on the soil water storage, Nitrogen (N) accumulation, and remobilization and yield of winter wheat. The results showed that Subsoiling significantly improved the soil water storage (0–300 cm soil depth) and increased the contribution of N translocation to grain N and grain yield (17–36%). Delaying sowing time had reduced the soil water storage at sowing and winter accumulated growing degree days by about 180 °C. The contribution of N translocation to grain yield was maximum in glume + spike followed by in leaves and minimum by stem + sheath. Moreover, there was a positive relationship between the N accumulation and translocation and the soil moisture in the 20–300 cm range. Subsoiling during the fallow period and the medium sowing date was beneficial for improving the soil water storage and increased the N translocation to grain, thereby increasing the yield of wheat, especially in a dry year
-
soil water use grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in a long term study of tillage practices and supplemental irrigation on the north china plain
Agricultural Water Management, 2015Co-Authors: Yu Shi, Zhiqiang Gao, Lanping Luo, Pengfei Chu, Zengjiang GuoAbstract:Abstract We report the results of a six-year study (2007–2013) of tillage regimes for use in producing winter wheat (Jimai 22) on the North China Plain, with supplemental irrigation. The tillage regimes include: plowing for six years (P6); rotary for six years (R6); rotary after Subsoiling with an interval of two years (S1R2); Subsoiling with an interval of three years (S1R3); Subsoiling with an interval of four years (S1R4); and Subsoiling with an interval of five years (S1R5). In comparison with the P6 and R6 treatments, the S1R2 and S1R3 treatments improved water storage capacity, maintained higher soil moisture content in the 100–160 cm soil layers before sowing and significantly decreased soil moisture content in the 20–180 cm soil layers at maturity, in all years. Hence, S1R2 and S1R3 led to greater utilization of water stored in the 60–180 cm soil layers. Evapotranspiration (ETc), soil water consumption, and the ratio of soil water consumption to ETc for S1R2 and S1R3 were significantly higher than those for other treatments. Average grain yields for the six growth seasons were ranked as S1R2, S1R3 > S1R4 > S1R5 > P6 > R6, while water use efficiency was ranked in the order of S1R2, S1R3, S1R4 > S1R5, P6 > R6. Grain yields of S1R2 and S1R3 were 9.028 and 8.817 kg ha −2 , respectively, which are higher than the yield of R6 (conventional tillage) by 27.7% and 24.7%, respectively. Hence, rotary tillage after Subsoiling with an interval of two or three years (S1R2 and S1R3) can be considered as a desirable tillage practice for increasing yields, while using water efficiently in this region.
-
effect of Subsoiling in fallow period on soil water storage and grain protein accumulation of dryland wheat and its regulatory effect by nitrogen application
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Min Sun, Zhiqiang Gao, Weifeng Zhao, Lianfeng Deng, Yan Deng, Hongmei Zhao, Aixia Ren, Zhenping YangAbstract:To provide a new way to increase water storage and retention of dryland wheat, a field study was conducted at Wenxi experimental site of Shanxi Agricultural University. The effect of Subsoiling in fallow period on soil water storage, accumulation of proline, and formation of grain protein after anthesis were determined. Our results showed that Subsoiling in fallow period could increase water storage in the 0-300 cm soil at pre-sowing stage and at anthesis stage with low or medium N application, especially for the 60-160 cm soil. However, the proline content, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity in flag leaves and grains were all decreased by Subsoiling in fallow period. In addition, the content of albumin, gliadin, and total protein in grains were also decreased while globulin content, Glu/Gli, protein yield, and glutelin content were increased. With N application increasing, water storage of soil layers from 20 to 200 cm was decreased at anthesis stage. High N application resulted in the increment of proline content and GS activity in grains. Besides, correlation analysis showed that soil storage in 40-160 cm soil was negatively correlated with proline content in grains; proline content in grains was positively correlated with GS and GDH activity in flag leaves. Contents of albumin, globulin and total protein in grains were positively correlated with proline content in grains and GDH activity in flag leaves. In conclusion, Subsoiling in fallow period, together with N application at 150 kg·hm(-2), was beneficial to increase the protein yield and Glu/Gli in grains which improve the quality of wheat.
B D Meek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
zone Subsoiling effects on infiltration runoff erosion and yields of furrow irrigated potatoes
Soil & Tillage Research, 1993Co-Authors: R E Sojka, D T Westermann, M J Brown, B D MeekAbstract:Sojka, R.E., Westermann, D.T., Brown, M.J. and Meek, B.D., 1993. Zone-Subsoiling effects on infiltration, runoff, erosion, and yields of furrow-irrigated potatoes. Soil Tillage Res., 25: 351-368. Soil compaction is a problem in many Pacific Northwest fields. We hypothesized that zone Subsoiling would improve potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. 'Russet Burbank' ) yield or grade, increase infiltration, and decrease bulk density, runoff, and erosion of furrow-irrigated fields, while maintaining trafficability and irrigability of furrows. A 2 year study was established on a Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthids). In the fall, plots were in wheat stubble (1988) or bean stover (1989), and were either disked (10-12 cm ), chiselled (25-30 cm ), or moldboard plowed (20-25 cm ). Fall tillages were split in spring, half of each plot receiving in-row zone Subsoiling (46 cm ) after planting potatoes. The effect of zone Subsoiling on infiltration in 1989 was small because of variation across fall tillages. In 1990, zone Subsoiling increased infiltration by 10% across fall tillages. Erosion decreased up to 278% with zone Subsoiling. Zone Subsoiling reduced erosion more effectively than it increased infiltration, shown by a two- to three-fold decrease in the sediment loss to water infiltrated ratio. Zone Subsoiling increased infiltration and reduced erosion more in 1990 when the study was conducted on a slightly steeper slope with higher water application rates than in 1989. In 1989, zone Subsoiling increased the yield of grade 1 tubers by 3.8 t ha-' (4.6%), but the total yield was not significantly increased. In 1990, zone Subsoiling increased the total yield by 4.2 t haand the yield of grade 1 tubers by 5.6 t ha-' (7.7%). With zone Subsoiling, the percentage of large grade 1 market-grade tubers increased by 3.3% in 1989 and 5.7% in 1990. Zone Subsoiling requires some extra attention by the irrigator early in the season to insure uniform furrow irrigation, but it can potentially conserve both soil and water while improving grade and yield.
