The Experts below are selected from a list of 18723 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jeremy De Valck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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contrasting collective preferences for outdoor recreation and Substitutability of nature areas using hot spot mapping
Landscape and Urban Planning, 2016Co-Authors: Jeremy De Valck, Steven Broekx, Inge Liekens, Leo De Nocker, Jos Van Orshoven, Liesbet VrankenAbstract:This paper investigates one specific cultural ecosystem service: outdoor recreation. We present a method to map the collective preferences for outdoor recreation and to identify the Substitutability among nature sites in the context of the province of Antwerp, Belgium. We propose an indicator of Substitutability among nature areas, contrasting unique but poorly substitutable sites (hot spots) with highly substitutable sites (cold spots). Using a combination of survey information, public participation GIS (PPGIS) and kernel density mapping, we produce density surfaces representing the distribution of the collective preferences for outdoor recreation and identify the spatial characteristics of the market (e.g. extent, discontinuities) for outdoor recreation. We also compute Getis-Ord Gi* spatial statistics to identify local outdoor recreation clusters. In addition, we explore how recreational behaviour affects Substitutability. Our results suggest a duality between the social value of outdoor recreation and the level of Substitutability among nature sites. Highly substitutable sites tend to be found near areas of higher population density, which are as well highly visited sites. The type of recreational activity – hiking, cycling, dog walking or jogging – appears to substantially modify Substitutability patterns among nature sites. We conclude by discussing the methodological implications of this research in the context of stated preference ecosystem service valuation and stress several policy-related implications.
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contrasting the collective social value of outdoor recreation and the Substitutability of nature areas using hot spot mapping
2015Co-Authors: Jeremy De Valck, Steven Broekx, Inge Liekens, Leo De Nocker, Jos Van Orshoven, Liesbet VrankenAbstract:This paper investigates one specific cultural ecosystem service: outdoor recreation. We present a methodology to map the collective social value of outdoor recreation and identify the Substitutability among nature sites within a specific spatial context. This methodology is applied to the province of Antwerp, Belgium. We propose an indicator of Substitutability among nature areas, contrasting unique but poorly substitutable sites (hot spots) with highly substitutable sites (cold spots). Using a combination of survey information, public participation GIS (PPGIS) and kernel density mapping, we produce density surfaces representing the distribution of the collective social value attributed to outdoor recreation. We also compute Getis-Ord Gi* spatial statistics to identify local outdoor recreation clusters. In addition, we explore how recreational behaviour affects Substitutability. Our results suggest a duality between the social value of outdoor recreation and the level of Substitutability among nature sites. Highly substitutable sites tend to be found near areas of higher population density, which are as well sites of higher social value. Individual-specific parameters such as the type of recreational activity appear to substantially modify Substitutability patterns among nature sites. We conclude by discussing the methodological and policy-related implications of this research.
Liesbet Vranken - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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contrasting collective preferences for outdoor recreation and Substitutability of nature areas using hot spot mapping
Landscape and Urban Planning, 2016Co-Authors: Jeremy De Valck, Steven Broekx, Inge Liekens, Leo De Nocker, Jos Van Orshoven, Liesbet VrankenAbstract:This paper investigates one specific cultural ecosystem service: outdoor recreation. We present a method to map the collective preferences for outdoor recreation and to identify the Substitutability among nature sites in the context of the province of Antwerp, Belgium. We propose an indicator of Substitutability among nature areas, contrasting unique but poorly substitutable sites (hot spots) with highly substitutable sites (cold spots). Using a combination of survey information, public participation GIS (PPGIS) and kernel density mapping, we produce density surfaces representing the distribution of the collective preferences for outdoor recreation and identify the spatial characteristics of the market (e.g. extent, discontinuities) for outdoor recreation. We also compute Getis-Ord Gi* spatial statistics to identify local outdoor recreation clusters. In addition, we explore how recreational behaviour affects Substitutability. Our results suggest a duality between the social value of outdoor recreation and the level of Substitutability among nature sites. Highly substitutable sites tend to be found near areas of higher population density, which are as well highly visited sites. The type of recreational activity – hiking, cycling, dog walking or jogging – appears to substantially modify Substitutability patterns among nature sites. We conclude by discussing the methodological implications of this research in the context of stated preference ecosystem service valuation and stress several policy-related implications.
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contrasting the collective social value of outdoor recreation and the Substitutability of nature areas using hot spot mapping
2015Co-Authors: Jeremy De Valck, Steven Broekx, Inge Liekens, Leo De Nocker, Jos Van Orshoven, Liesbet VrankenAbstract:This paper investigates one specific cultural ecosystem service: outdoor recreation. We present a methodology to map the collective social value of outdoor recreation and identify the Substitutability among nature sites within a specific spatial context. This methodology is applied to the province of Antwerp, Belgium. We propose an indicator of Substitutability among nature areas, contrasting unique but poorly substitutable sites (hot spots) with highly substitutable sites (cold spots). Using a combination of survey information, public participation GIS (PPGIS) and kernel density mapping, we produce density surfaces representing the distribution of the collective social value attributed to outdoor recreation. We also compute Getis-Ord Gi* spatial statistics to identify local outdoor recreation clusters. In addition, we explore how recreational behaviour affects Substitutability. Our results suggest a duality between the social value of outdoor recreation and the level of Substitutability among nature sites. Highly substitutable sites tend to be found near areas of higher population density, which are as well sites of higher social value. Individual-specific parameters such as the type of recreational activity appear to substantially modify Substitutability patterns among nature sites. We conclude by discussing the methodological and policy-related implications of this research.
Jean-robert Tyran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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limited rationality and strategic interaction the impact of the strategic environment on nominal inertia
Econometrica, 2008Co-Authors: Ernst Fehr, Jean-robert TyranAbstract:Much evidence suggests that people are heterogeneous with regard to their abilities to make rational, forward-looking decisions. This raises the question as to when the rational types are decisive for aggregate outcomes and when the boundedly rational types shape aggregate results. We examine this question in the context of a long-standing and important economic problem: the adjustment of nominal prices after an anticipated monetary shock. Our experiments suggest that two types of bounded rationality— money illusion and anchoring—are important behavioral forces behind nominal inertia. However, depending on the strategic environment, bounded rationality has vastly different effects on aggregate price adjustment. If agents’ actions are strategic substitutes, adjustment to the new equilibrium is extremely quick, whereas under strategic complementarity, adjustment is both very slow and associated with relatively large real effects. This adjustment difference is driven by price expectations, which are very flexible and forward-looking under Substitutability but adaptive and sticky under complementarity. Moreover, subjects’ expectations are also considerably more rational under Substitutability.
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individual irrationality and aggregate outcomes
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2005Co-Authors: Ernst Fehr, Jean-robert TyranAbstract:There is abundant evidence that many individuals violate the rationality assumptions routinely made in economics. However, powerful evidence also indicates that violations of individual rationality do not necessarily refute the aggregate predictions of standard economic models that assume full rationality of all agents. Thus, a key question is how the interactions between rational and irrational people shape the aggregate outcome in markets and other institutions. We discuss evidence indicating that strategic complementarity and strategic Substitutability are decisive determinants of aggregate outcomes. Under strategic complementarity, a small amount of individual irrationality may lead to large deviations from the aggregate predictions of rational models, whereas a minority of rational agents may suffice to generate aggregate outcomes consistent with the predictions of rational models under strategic Substitutability.
Hillel Rapoport - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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skilled emigration business networks and foreign direct investment
Social Science Research Network, 2005Co-Authors: Maurice Kugler, Hillel RapoportAbstract:In a global context foreign direct investment (FDI) and migration substitute one another in the matching process between workers and firms. However, as labor flows can lead to the formation of business networks, migration can actually facilitate FDI in the long-run. We first present a stylized model for a small open economy illustrating these offsetting effects. We then use U.S. data on bilateral labor inflows and capital outflows to measure the extent of contemporaneous Substitutability and dynamic complementarity between migration and FDI. We find that brain drain and FDI inflows are negatively correlated contemporaneously but that skilled migration is associated with future increases in FDI inflows. We also find suggestive evidence of Substitutability between current migration and FDI for migrants with secondary education, and of complementarity between past migration and FDI for unskilled migrants.
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skilled emigration business networks and foreign direct investment
Research Papers in Economics, 2005Co-Authors: Maurice Kugler, Hillel RapoportAbstract:In a global context foreign direct investment (FDI) and migration substitute one another in the matching process between workers and firms. However, as labor flows can lead to the formation of business networks, migration can actually facilitate FDI in the long-run. We first present a stylized model for a small open economy illustrating these offsetting effects. We then use U.S. data on bilateral labor inflows and capital outflows to measure the extent of contemporaneous Substitutability and dynamic complementarity between migration and FDI. We find that brain drain and FDI inflows are negatively correlated contemporaneously but that skilled migration is associated with future increases in FDI inflows. We also find suggestive evidence of Substitutability between current migration and FDI for migrants with secondary education, and of complementarity between past migration and FDI for unskilled migrants. Keywords; brain drain, foreign direct investment inflows, migrant ties and business networks
Lee Sang-ho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cournot-Bertrand comparison under R&D competition: Output versus R&D subsidies
2021Co-Authors: Chen Jiaqi, Lee Sang-hoAbstract:This study compares Cournot and Bertrand firms with research and development (R&D) competition under government policies between output and R&D subsidies. We demonstrate that firms invest more (less) in R&D and the government grants more (less) subsidies under Cournot than Bertrand competition with output (R&D) subsidy policies. We also reveal that both competition modes yield the same welfare with output subsidy while Bertrand yields higher welfare than Cournot with R&D subsidy irrespective of product Substitutability. Finally, we show that firms’ profits and social welfare are always higher under output subsidies in Cournot competition, while they can be higher under R&D subsidies in Bertrand competition if the product Substitutability is high and the firm’s R&D investment is efficient
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Emission tax and strategic environmental corporate social responsibility in a Cournot–Bertrand comparison
2021Co-Authors: Xu Lili, Chen Yuyan, Lee Sang-hoAbstract:This study considers strategic relations between emission tax and environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) in a Cournot–Bertrand comparison, and analyzes two different timings of the games between a tax-then-ECSR (T game) and an ECSR-then-tax (E game). We show that the T game always yields higher emission tax than the E game irrespective of competition modes, but lower ECSR under Cournot while higher ECSR when the marginal damage is high under Bertrand. Additionally, compared with Bertrand, Cournot yields lower (higher) ECSR in the T (E) game, but lower emission tax in the E game while higher emission tax when the product Substitutability is low in the T game. We finally show that firms always prefer Cournot competition with the commitment of E game irrespective of the product Substitutability and marginal damage
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Strategic corporate social responsibility and tariff policies: The timing of commitments and policy implications
2021Co-Authors: Xu Lili, Lee Sang-hoAbstract:This study considers commitments between tariff policy and corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, and compares both domestic CSR and foreign CSR. We show that the committed tariff yields lower tariff and higher CSR under domestic CSR, resulting in higher welfare and lower profits, while it might be reversed under foreign CSR if the Substitutability is low, which results in lower welfare and profits. Finally, the committed tariff is a desirable equilibrium of an endogenous timing game under domestic CSR, whereas the committed CSR can be under foreign CSR if the Substitutability is low
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Policy implications of the CSR in an international transportation market under subsidy
2021Co-Authors: Xu Lili, Lee Sang-hoAbstract:This paper focuses on the international transportation market in which a high-speed rail (HSR) firm competes with both the domestic and foreign airline firms providing differentiated transport services. We investigate and compare two types of corporate social responsibility (CSR)—mandatory and voluntary CSR—imposed on HSR under a government subsidy policy. We show that, when the transport Substitutability is high (low) in a domestic travel leg, mandatory CSR is lower (higher) than voluntary CSR, and the optimal subsidy under mandatory CSR is lower (higher) than that under voluntary CSR. We also examine the effect of privatization policy of the HSR with transposition subsidy on welfare. We show that full privatization with CSR activities always improves social welfare under an appropriate subsidy, independent of the transport Substitutability and types of CSR activities
