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Gustavo Ángel Maddonni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Climatic constraints for the maize-soybean system in the humid Subtropical Region of Argentina
Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2018Co-Authors: Victor David Giménez, José Roberto Micheloud, Gustavo Ángel MaddonniAbstract:The implementation of two summer crops in the same growing season is a possible alternative for land intensification in areas with a long frost-free period. The aim of this study was to analyse the strategy of land intensification through the implementation of the maize-soybean succession at two locations (Reconquista, 29°09′S 59°40′W and Las Breñas, 27°05′S 61°5′W) of the humid Subtropical Region of Argentina. CERES-Maize and CROPGRO-Soybean models were used to evaluate the impact of inter-annual variability of climate (36 years) of both locations on rain-fed grain yields of the following productive alternatives: (i) monoculture of maize, (ii) monoculture of soybean and (iii) the succession of a short-cycle maize followed by soybean as the second summer crop (maize-soybean system). The maize-soybean system was evaluated by the method of land equivalent ratio (LER), based on the sum of the relative grain yields of its components. The impact of the inter-annual variability of climate and of “El Niño” or “La Niña” episodes (El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon (ENSO)) on LER values was analysed. Simulated yields of maize monoculture (5687 kg ha^−1; CV = 49.7% and 5637 kg ha^−1; CV = 57.6% at Reconquista and Las Breñas, respectively) were higher than those of the short-cycle maize, especially at Las Breñas (5448 kg ha^−1; CV = 49.3% and 2322 kg ha^−1; CV = 33.9% at Reconquista and Las Breñas, respectively). Simulated yields of the soybean monoculture were higher (3588 kg ha^−1; CV = 26.1% and 2883 kg ha^−1; CV = 20.7% at Reconquista and Las Breñas, respectively) that those of the soybean as the second crop (2634 kg ha^−1; CV = 38.1% and 2456 kg ha^−1; CV = 32.9% at Reconquista and Las Breñas, respectively) at both locations. Average LERs were 1.69 (CV = 11.4%) at Reconquista and 1.41 (CV = 26.1%) at Las Breñas, and the inter-annual variability of LER was mainly determined by grain yields of (i) soybean as the second crop at Reconquista and (ii) maize monoculture at Las Breñas. Soil water content after maize harvest and rainfalls during reproductive period of soybean as the second crop conditioned LER values, but they were generally greater than 1. At Reconquista, LER values were not affected by the different episodes of ENSO phenomenon. By contrast, at Las Breñas, LER values were higher during La Niña episodes (1.48; CV = 26.6%) than during El Niño episodes (1.32; CV = 23.7%) mainly by their effects on grain yields of maize monoculture. Therefore, crop simulation models demonstrate the possibility to intensify land use (40–70%) at two locations of the humid Subtropical Region of Argentina, by the implementation of the maize-soybean system.
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Climatic constraints for the maize-soybean system in the humid Subtropical Region of Argentina
Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2017Co-Authors: Victor David Giménez, José Roberto Micheloud, Gustavo Ángel MaddonniAbstract:The implementation of two summer crops in the same growing season is a possible alternative for land intensification in areas with a long frost-free period. The aim of this study was to analyse the strategy of land intensification through the implementation of the maize-soybean succession at two locations (Reconquista, 29°09′S 59°40′W and Las Breñas, 27°05′S 61°5′W) of the humid Subtropical Region of Argentina. CERES-Maize and CROPGRO-Soybean models were used to evaluate the impact of inter-annual variability of climate (36 years) of both locations on rain-fed grain yields of the following productive alternatives: (i) monoculture of maize, (ii) monoculture of soybean and (iii) the succession of a short-cycle maize followed by soybean as the second summer crop (maize-soybean system). The maize-soybean system was evaluated by the method of land equivalent ratio (LER), based on the sum of the relative grain yields of its components. The impact of the inter-annual variability of climate and of “El Niño” or “La Niña” episodes (El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon (ENSO)) on LER values was analysed. Simulated yields of maize monoculture (5687 kg ha−1; CV = 49.7% and 5637 kg ha−1; CV = 57.6% at Reconquista and Las Breñas, respectively) were higher than those of the short-cycle maize, especially at Las Breñas (5448 kg ha−1; CV = 49.3% and 2322 kg ha−1; CV = 33.9% at Reconquista and Las Breñas, respectively). Simulated yields of the soybean monoculture were higher (3588 kg ha−1; CV = 26.1% and 2883 kg ha−1; CV = 20.7% at Reconquista and Las Breñas, respectively) that those of the soybean as the second crop (2634 kg ha−1; CV = 38.1% and 2456 kg ha−1; CV = 32.9% at Reconquista and Las Breñas, respectively) at both locations. Average LERs were 1.69 (CV = 11.4%) at Reconquista and 1.41 (CV = 26.1%) at Las Breñas, and the inter-annual variability of LER was mainly determined by grain yields of (i) soybean as the second crop at Reconquista and (ii) maize monoculture at Las Breñas. Soil water content after maize harvest and rainfalls during reproductive period of soybean as the second crop conditioned LER values, but they were generally greater than 1. At Reconquista, LER values were not affected by the different episodes of ENSO phenomenon. By contrast, at Las Breñas, LER values were higher during La Niña episodes (1.48; CV = 26.6%) than during El Niño episodes (1.32; CV = 23.7%) mainly by their effects on grain yields of maize monoculture. Therefore, crop simulation models demonstrate the possibility to intensify land use (40–70%) at two locations of the humid Subtropical Region of Argentina, by the implementation of the maize-soybean system.Fil: Giménez, Víctor David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Cerealicultura; ArgentinaFil: Micheloud, José Roberto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Cerealicultura; ArgentinaFil: Maddonni, Gustavo Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Cerealicultura; Argentin
Shinichi Watanabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mitigation of pedestrian heat stress using parasols in a humid Subtropical Region.
International journal of biometeorology, 2017Co-Authors: Shinichi Watanabe, Jin IshiiAbstract:Concerns over heat illness have been an increasing social problem in humid Subtropical Regions. One measure for avoiding excessive heat stress in hot outdoor environments is the use of parasols or umbrellas. The advantage of parasols is that they are a mobile and inexpensive way to provide personal shade outdoors. The objectives of this study were to compare the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) under parasols and at an unshaded point as a reference, and to quantify the reduction in WBGT from the use of parasols in a humid Subtropical Region. Measurements using three parasols of different colors and materials were conducted at the athletics field at Daido University, Nagoya, Japan, between 9:00 and 15:00 Japan Standard Time in August 2015. The WBGT was obtained at heights of 0.1 m (ankles), 1.1 m (abdomen), and 1.7 m (head) above ground, according to the measurement procedure described in ISO 7243. On a sunny and partly cloudy day, the use of a parasol lowered the average globe temperature by up to 6.2 °C, through blocking direct solar radiation. The average reduction in WBGT by the parasol was found to be 1.8 °C at head level in sunny conditions with solar radiation of over 800 W/m2. The reduction in WBGT at head level by the use of parasols in sunny conditions was greater than that in cloudy conditions. However, although parasols can reduce WBGT at the head level of the user regardless of solar radiation, they cannot reduce it at the level of the abdomen or ankles.
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effect of outdoor thermal environment on pedestrians behavior selecting a shaded area in a humid Subtropical Region
Building and Environment, 2016Co-Authors: Shinichi Watanabe, Jin IshiiAbstract:Abstract This study analyzes the effect of microclimatic conditions on pedestrians' behavior in selecting shaded places when standing at the traffic signals in a Subtropical Region of Nagoya, Japan. On-site microclimatic measurements and unobtrusive observations were performed 18 times in two periods, July to October, 2012, and May to August, 2013, in order to obtain physical data and the number of pedestrians in sunlit and shaded areas. The universal thermal climate index (UTCI) model was adopted for assessing the outdoor thermal environment in the sunlit and shaded places in this study. The average UTCI values in the sunlit and shade areas over the measured periods were 38.0 °C and 29.3 °C, respectively, and the difference was 8.7 °C. The number of pedestrians was hardly influenced by heat environment since the observations were conducted on weekdays, thus, almost all had to go out for their routine tasks or work regardless of the conditions. Male and female pedestrians tended to wear hats and parasols, respectively, in order to avoid excessive heat during the hot season. The analytical results indicate that half of the pedestrians select shaded areas when stopping at the traffic signals in a hot environment over 40 °C in UTCI. Female pedestrians are more careful to protect themselves from solar radiation including ultraviolet rays than males. “Shade Design in the City” will be a critical strategy to improve the safety, comfort, and attraction of cities in a hot environment.
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Evaluation of outdoor thermal comfort in sunlight, building shade, and pergola shade during summer in a humid Subtropical Region
Building and Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Shinichi Watanabe, Jin Ishii, Kazuo Nagano, Tetsumi HorikoshiAbstract:Abstract This study evaluated outdoor thermal comfort during summer in a humid Subtropical Region. Meteorological inspections were conducted in sunlight, building shade, and pergola shade. The participants included 42 collegiate male subjects who completed questionnaires on thermal sensation and thermal comfort. To evaluate the thermal environments, we used three thermal indices: the universal effective temperature (ETU), the universal thermal climate index (UTCI), and the outdoor standard effective temperature (OUT_SET*). We confirmed that the ETU model is a suitable index for evaluating outdoor thermal comfort in the range of this study. Thermal neutral temperatures, as measured by ETU, UTCI, and OUT_SET*, were 33.1 °C, 34.0 °C, and 28.9 °C, respectively. Under sunlight, intense solar radiation raised the ETU value considerably; however, humidity and air velocity lowered it due to increased skin wettedness from the hot environment. The ETU model can provide a more detailed understanding of the various parameters affecting thermal comfort in the outdoor environment. At 800 W/m2 of total solar radiation in sunlight, the building shade and pergola shade with plants provided cooler thermal environments with ETU reductions of 18.4 °C and 16.2 °C, respectively, compared with sunlight. In cloudy conditions with total solar radiation of 300 W/m2, the building and pergola shades had ETU reductions of 9.3 °C and 6.8 °C, respectively.
Jin Ishii - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mitigation of pedestrian heat stress using parasols in a humid Subtropical Region.
International journal of biometeorology, 2017Co-Authors: Shinichi Watanabe, Jin IshiiAbstract:Concerns over heat illness have been an increasing social problem in humid Subtropical Regions. One measure for avoiding excessive heat stress in hot outdoor environments is the use of parasols or umbrellas. The advantage of parasols is that they are a mobile and inexpensive way to provide personal shade outdoors. The objectives of this study were to compare the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) under parasols and at an unshaded point as a reference, and to quantify the reduction in WBGT from the use of parasols in a humid Subtropical Region. Measurements using three parasols of different colors and materials were conducted at the athletics field at Daido University, Nagoya, Japan, between 9:00 and 15:00 Japan Standard Time in August 2015. The WBGT was obtained at heights of 0.1 m (ankles), 1.1 m (abdomen), and 1.7 m (head) above ground, according to the measurement procedure described in ISO 7243. On a sunny and partly cloudy day, the use of a parasol lowered the average globe temperature by up to 6.2 °C, through blocking direct solar radiation. The average reduction in WBGT by the parasol was found to be 1.8 °C at head level in sunny conditions with solar radiation of over 800 W/m2. The reduction in WBGT at head level by the use of parasols in sunny conditions was greater than that in cloudy conditions. However, although parasols can reduce WBGT at the head level of the user regardless of solar radiation, they cannot reduce it at the level of the abdomen or ankles.
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effect of outdoor thermal environment on pedestrians behavior selecting a shaded area in a humid Subtropical Region
Building and Environment, 2016Co-Authors: Shinichi Watanabe, Jin IshiiAbstract:Abstract This study analyzes the effect of microclimatic conditions on pedestrians' behavior in selecting shaded places when standing at the traffic signals in a Subtropical Region of Nagoya, Japan. On-site microclimatic measurements and unobtrusive observations were performed 18 times in two periods, July to October, 2012, and May to August, 2013, in order to obtain physical data and the number of pedestrians in sunlit and shaded areas. The universal thermal climate index (UTCI) model was adopted for assessing the outdoor thermal environment in the sunlit and shaded places in this study. The average UTCI values in the sunlit and shade areas over the measured periods were 38.0 °C and 29.3 °C, respectively, and the difference was 8.7 °C. The number of pedestrians was hardly influenced by heat environment since the observations were conducted on weekdays, thus, almost all had to go out for their routine tasks or work regardless of the conditions. Male and female pedestrians tended to wear hats and parasols, respectively, in order to avoid excessive heat during the hot season. The analytical results indicate that half of the pedestrians select shaded areas when stopping at the traffic signals in a hot environment over 40 °C in UTCI. Female pedestrians are more careful to protect themselves from solar radiation including ultraviolet rays than males. “Shade Design in the City” will be a critical strategy to improve the safety, comfort, and attraction of cities in a hot environment.
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Evaluation of outdoor thermal comfort in sunlight, building shade, and pergola shade during summer in a humid Subtropical Region
Building and Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Shinichi Watanabe, Jin Ishii, Kazuo Nagano, Tetsumi HorikoshiAbstract:Abstract This study evaluated outdoor thermal comfort during summer in a humid Subtropical Region. Meteorological inspections were conducted in sunlight, building shade, and pergola shade. The participants included 42 collegiate male subjects who completed questionnaires on thermal sensation and thermal comfort. To evaluate the thermal environments, we used three thermal indices: the universal effective temperature (ETU), the universal thermal climate index (UTCI), and the outdoor standard effective temperature (OUT_SET*). We confirmed that the ETU model is a suitable index for evaluating outdoor thermal comfort in the range of this study. Thermal neutral temperatures, as measured by ETU, UTCI, and OUT_SET*, were 33.1 °C, 34.0 °C, and 28.9 °C, respectively. Under sunlight, intense solar radiation raised the ETU value considerably; however, humidity and air velocity lowered it due to increased skin wettedness from the hot environment. The ETU model can provide a more detailed understanding of the various parameters affecting thermal comfort in the outdoor environment. At 800 W/m2 of total solar radiation in sunlight, the building shade and pergola shade with plants provided cooler thermal environments with ETU reductions of 18.4 °C and 16.2 °C, respectively, compared with sunlight. In cloudy conditions with total solar radiation of 300 W/m2, the building and pergola shades had ETU reductions of 9.3 °C and 6.8 °C, respectively.
Huaizhou Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oxygen isotope signatures preserved in tree ring cellulose as a proxy for april september precipitation in fujian the Subtropical Region of southeast china
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2013Co-Authors: Huaizhou Zheng, Takeshi Nakatsuka, Masaki SanoAbstract:[1] A tree ring cellulose oxygen isotope (δ18O) chronology for the period 1870–2011 was established using samples from four Fokienia hodginsii trees with the aim of exploring the potential to use tree ring δ18O records to reconstruct climatic variations in Fujian, a Subtropical Region of southeast China. We believe that this is the first tree ring δ18O chronology from this area. Response analysis revealed that tree ring δ18O is significantly correlated with precipitation between April and September, relative humidity between August and October, and the Palmer drought severity index between April and October. Our δ18O chronology accounts for 37.4% (24.6%) of actual variation in precipitation between April and September during the period from 1951 to 2011 (1901 to 2011). Spatial correlation analysis revealed that tree ring cellulose δ18O is a suitable proxy for reconstructing April–September precipitation in Fujian, as well as in parts of Guangdong and Jiangxi, southeast China. In addition, significant correlations between δ18O chronology and the Indian summer monsoon index show that large-scale atmosphere circulation also influences tree ring δ18O. Comparisons between the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) and tree ring δ18O, during the period from 1895 to 2009, indicate that the tropical Pacific SST is positively correlated with tree ring δ18O in the study Region over the last 110 years, except between 1920 and 1960. Reduced El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variance from 1920 to 1960 may result in collapsed relationship between tree ring δ18O in Fujian and tropical Pacific SST.
Victor David Giménez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Climatic constraints for the maize-soybean system in the humid Subtropical Region of Argentina
Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2018Co-Authors: Victor David Giménez, José Roberto Micheloud, Gustavo Ángel MaddonniAbstract:The implementation of two summer crops in the same growing season is a possible alternative for land intensification in areas with a long frost-free period. The aim of this study was to analyse the strategy of land intensification through the implementation of the maize-soybean succession at two locations (Reconquista, 29°09′S 59°40′W and Las Breñas, 27°05′S 61°5′W) of the humid Subtropical Region of Argentina. CERES-Maize and CROPGRO-Soybean models were used to evaluate the impact of inter-annual variability of climate (36 years) of both locations on rain-fed grain yields of the following productive alternatives: (i) monoculture of maize, (ii) monoculture of soybean and (iii) the succession of a short-cycle maize followed by soybean as the second summer crop (maize-soybean system). The maize-soybean system was evaluated by the method of land equivalent ratio (LER), based on the sum of the relative grain yields of its components. The impact of the inter-annual variability of climate and of “El Niño” or “La Niña” episodes (El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon (ENSO)) on LER values was analysed. Simulated yields of maize monoculture (5687 kg ha^−1; CV = 49.7% and 5637 kg ha^−1; CV = 57.6% at Reconquista and Las Breñas, respectively) were higher than those of the short-cycle maize, especially at Las Breñas (5448 kg ha^−1; CV = 49.3% and 2322 kg ha^−1; CV = 33.9% at Reconquista and Las Breñas, respectively). Simulated yields of the soybean monoculture were higher (3588 kg ha^−1; CV = 26.1% and 2883 kg ha^−1; CV = 20.7% at Reconquista and Las Breñas, respectively) that those of the soybean as the second crop (2634 kg ha^−1; CV = 38.1% and 2456 kg ha^−1; CV = 32.9% at Reconquista and Las Breñas, respectively) at both locations. Average LERs were 1.69 (CV = 11.4%) at Reconquista and 1.41 (CV = 26.1%) at Las Breñas, and the inter-annual variability of LER was mainly determined by grain yields of (i) soybean as the second crop at Reconquista and (ii) maize monoculture at Las Breñas. Soil water content after maize harvest and rainfalls during reproductive period of soybean as the second crop conditioned LER values, but they were generally greater than 1. At Reconquista, LER values were not affected by the different episodes of ENSO phenomenon. By contrast, at Las Breñas, LER values were higher during La Niña episodes (1.48; CV = 26.6%) than during El Niño episodes (1.32; CV = 23.7%) mainly by their effects on grain yields of maize monoculture. Therefore, crop simulation models demonstrate the possibility to intensify land use (40–70%) at two locations of the humid Subtropical Region of Argentina, by the implementation of the maize-soybean system.
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Climatic constraints for the maize-soybean system in the humid Subtropical Region of Argentina
Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2017Co-Authors: Victor David Giménez, José Roberto Micheloud, Gustavo Ángel MaddonniAbstract:The implementation of two summer crops in the same growing season is a possible alternative for land intensification in areas with a long frost-free period. The aim of this study was to analyse the strategy of land intensification through the implementation of the maize-soybean succession at two locations (Reconquista, 29°09′S 59°40′W and Las Breñas, 27°05′S 61°5′W) of the humid Subtropical Region of Argentina. CERES-Maize and CROPGRO-Soybean models were used to evaluate the impact of inter-annual variability of climate (36 years) of both locations on rain-fed grain yields of the following productive alternatives: (i) monoculture of maize, (ii) monoculture of soybean and (iii) the succession of a short-cycle maize followed by soybean as the second summer crop (maize-soybean system). The maize-soybean system was evaluated by the method of land equivalent ratio (LER), based on the sum of the relative grain yields of its components. The impact of the inter-annual variability of climate and of “El Niño” or “La Niña” episodes (El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon (ENSO)) on LER values was analysed. Simulated yields of maize monoculture (5687 kg ha−1; CV = 49.7% and 5637 kg ha−1; CV = 57.6% at Reconquista and Las Breñas, respectively) were higher than those of the short-cycle maize, especially at Las Breñas (5448 kg ha−1; CV = 49.3% and 2322 kg ha−1; CV = 33.9% at Reconquista and Las Breñas, respectively). Simulated yields of the soybean monoculture were higher (3588 kg ha−1; CV = 26.1% and 2883 kg ha−1; CV = 20.7% at Reconquista and Las Breñas, respectively) that those of the soybean as the second crop (2634 kg ha−1; CV = 38.1% and 2456 kg ha−1; CV = 32.9% at Reconquista and Las Breñas, respectively) at both locations. Average LERs were 1.69 (CV = 11.4%) at Reconquista and 1.41 (CV = 26.1%) at Las Breñas, and the inter-annual variability of LER was mainly determined by grain yields of (i) soybean as the second crop at Reconquista and (ii) maize monoculture at Las Breñas. Soil water content after maize harvest and rainfalls during reproductive period of soybean as the second crop conditioned LER values, but they were generally greater than 1. At Reconquista, LER values were not affected by the different episodes of ENSO phenomenon. By contrast, at Las Breñas, LER values were higher during La Niña episodes (1.48; CV = 26.6%) than during El Niño episodes (1.32; CV = 23.7%) mainly by their effects on grain yields of maize monoculture. Therefore, crop simulation models demonstrate the possibility to intensify land use (40–70%) at two locations of the humid Subtropical Region of Argentina, by the implementation of the maize-soybean system.Fil: Giménez, Víctor David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Cerealicultura; ArgentinaFil: Micheloud, José Roberto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Cerealicultura; ArgentinaFil: Maddonni, Gustavo Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Cerealicultura; Argentin
