The Experts below are selected from a list of 6414 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Katsuhiro Hirakawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison of nasal nitric oxide levels between the inferior turbinate surface and the middle meatus in patients with symptomatic allergic rhinitis
Allergology International, 2014Co-Authors: Sachio Takeno, Haruka Yoshimura, Kazunori Kubota, Takayuki Taruya, Takashi Ishino, Katsuhiro HirakawaAbstract:ABSTRACT Background : Because of the anatomical complexity and the high output of the human nose, it has been unclear whether nasal nitric oxide (NO) serves as a reliable marker of allergic rhinitis (AR). We examined whether nasal NO levels in the inferior turbinate (IT) surface and the middle meatus (MM) differ in symptomatic AR patients. Methods : We measured fractional exhaled NO (FeNO) and nasal NO in normal subjects (n = 50) and AR patients with mild symptoms (n = 16) or moderate or severe symptoms (n = 27). Nasal NO measurements were obtained using an electrochemical analyzer connected to a catheter and an air-Suction Pump (flow rate 50 mL/ sec). Results : Compared to the normal subjects, the AR patients showed significantly higher nasal FeNO and nasal NO levels in the IT area. No significant difference in the MM area was observed among the three groups. The MM area showed higher NO levels than the IT area in all three groups. The ratio of nasal NO levels of the MM area to the IT area (MM/IT ratio) was significantly lower in the AR groups. The moderate/severe AR patients showed significantly higher nasal NO in the IT area (104.4 vs. 66.2 ppb) and lower MM/IT ratios than those in the mild AR patients. The analysis of nasal brushing cells revealed significantly higher eosinophil cationic protein and nitrotyrosine levels in the AR groups. Conclusions : Nasal NO assessment in the IT area directly reflects persistent eosinophilic inflammation and may be a valid marker to estimate the severity of AR.
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comparison of nasal nitric oxide levels between the inferior turbinate surface the middle meatus in patients with symptomatic allergic rhinitis
Allergology International, 2014Co-Authors: Sachio Takeno, Haruka Yoshimura, Kazunori Kubota, Takayuki Taruya, Takashi Ishino, Katsuhiro HirakawaAbstract:ABSTRACT Background : Because of the anatomical complexity and the high output of the human nose, it has been unclear whether nasal nitric oxide (NO) serves as a reliable marker of allergic rhinitis (AR). We examined whether nasal NO levels in the inferior turbinate (IT) surface and the middle meatus (MM) differ in symptomatic AR patients. Methods : We measured fractional exhaled NO (FeNO) and nasal NO in normal subjects (n = 50) and AR patients with mild symptoms (n = 16) or moderate or severe symptoms (n = 27). Nasal NO measurements were obtained using an electrochemical analyzer connected to a catheter and an air-Suction Pump (flow rate 50 mL/ sec). Results : Compared to the normal subjects, the AR patients showed significantly higher nasal FeNO and nasal NO levels in the IT area. No significant difference in the MM area was observed among the three groups. The MM area showed higher NO levels than the IT area in all three groups. The ratio of nasal NO levels of the MM area to the IT area (MM/IT ratio) was significantly lower in the AR groups. The moderate/severe AR patients showed significantly higher nasal NO in the IT area (104.4 vs. 66.2 ppb) and lower MM/IT ratios than those in the mild AR patients. The analysis of nasal brushing cells revealed significantly higher eosinophil cationic protein and nitrotyrosine levels in the AR groups. Conclusions : Nasal NO assessment in the IT area directly reflects persistent eosinophilic inflammation and may be a valid marker to estimate the severity of AR.
Nr Parsons - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of negative pressure wound therapy vs standard wound management on 12-month disability among adults with severe open fracture of the lower limb: The WOLLF randomized clinical trial
'American Medical Association (AMA)', 2018Co-Authors: Ml Costa, Achten J, Bruce J, Tutton E, Petrou S, Se Lamb, Nr ParsonsAbstract:Importance Open fractures of the lower limb occur when a broken bone penetrates the skin. There can be major complications from these fractures, which can be life-changing. Objectives To assess the disability, rate of deep infection, and quality of life in patients with severe open fracture of the lower limb treated with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) vs standard wound management after the first surgical debridement of the wound. Design, Setting, and Participants Multicenter randomized trial performed in the UK Major Trauma Network, recruiting 460 patients aged 16 years or older with a severe open fracture of the lower limb from July 2012 through December 2015. Final outcome data were collected through November 2016. Exclusions were presentation more than 72 hours after injury and inability to complete questionnaires. Interventions NPWT (n = 226) in which an open-cell solid foam or gauze was placed over the surface of the wound and connected to a Suction Pump, creating a partial vacuum over the dressing, vs standard dressings not involving application of negative pressure (n = 234). Main Outcomes and Measures Disability Rating Index score (range, 0 [no disability] to 100 [completely disabled]) at 12 months was the primary outcome measure, with a minimal clinically important difference of 8 points. Secondary outcomes were complications including deep infection and quality of life (score ranged from 1 [best possible] to −0.59 [worst possible]; minimal clinically important difference, 0.08) collected at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Results Among 460 patients who were randomized (mean age, 45.3 years; 74% men), 88% (374/427) of available study participants completed the trial. There were no statistically significant differences in the patients’ Disability Rating Index score at 12 months (mean score, 45.5 in the NPWT group vs 42.4 in the standard dressing group; mean difference, −3.9 [95% CI, −8.9 to 1.2]; P = .13), in the number of deep surgical site infections (16 [7.1%] in the NPWT group vs 19 [8.1%] in the standard dressing group; difference, 1.0% [95% CI, −4.2% to 6.3%]; P = .64), or in quality of life between groups (difference in EuroQol 5-dimensions questionnaire, 0.02 [95% CI, −0.05 to 0.08]; Short Form–12 Physical Component Score, 0.5 [95% CI, −3.1 to 4.1] and Mental Health Component Score, −0.4 [95% CI, −2.2 to 1.4]). Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with severe open fracture of the lower limb, use of NPWT compared with standard wound dressing did not improve self-rated disability at 12 months. The findings do not support this treatment for severe open fractures
Sachio Takeno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison of nasal nitric oxide levels between the inferior turbinate surface and the middle meatus in patients with symptomatic allergic rhinitis
Allergology International, 2014Co-Authors: Sachio Takeno, Haruka Yoshimura, Kazunori Kubota, Takayuki Taruya, Takashi Ishino, Katsuhiro HirakawaAbstract:ABSTRACT Background : Because of the anatomical complexity and the high output of the human nose, it has been unclear whether nasal nitric oxide (NO) serves as a reliable marker of allergic rhinitis (AR). We examined whether nasal NO levels in the inferior turbinate (IT) surface and the middle meatus (MM) differ in symptomatic AR patients. Methods : We measured fractional exhaled NO (FeNO) and nasal NO in normal subjects (n = 50) and AR patients with mild symptoms (n = 16) or moderate or severe symptoms (n = 27). Nasal NO measurements were obtained using an electrochemical analyzer connected to a catheter and an air-Suction Pump (flow rate 50 mL/ sec). Results : Compared to the normal subjects, the AR patients showed significantly higher nasal FeNO and nasal NO levels in the IT area. No significant difference in the MM area was observed among the three groups. The MM area showed higher NO levels than the IT area in all three groups. The ratio of nasal NO levels of the MM area to the IT area (MM/IT ratio) was significantly lower in the AR groups. The moderate/severe AR patients showed significantly higher nasal NO in the IT area (104.4 vs. 66.2 ppb) and lower MM/IT ratios than those in the mild AR patients. The analysis of nasal brushing cells revealed significantly higher eosinophil cationic protein and nitrotyrosine levels in the AR groups. Conclusions : Nasal NO assessment in the IT area directly reflects persistent eosinophilic inflammation and may be a valid marker to estimate the severity of AR.
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comparison of nasal nitric oxide levels between the inferior turbinate surface the middle meatus in patients with symptomatic allergic rhinitis
Allergology International, 2014Co-Authors: Sachio Takeno, Haruka Yoshimura, Kazunori Kubota, Takayuki Taruya, Takashi Ishino, Katsuhiro HirakawaAbstract:ABSTRACT Background : Because of the anatomical complexity and the high output of the human nose, it has been unclear whether nasal nitric oxide (NO) serves as a reliable marker of allergic rhinitis (AR). We examined whether nasal NO levels in the inferior turbinate (IT) surface and the middle meatus (MM) differ in symptomatic AR patients. Methods : We measured fractional exhaled NO (FeNO) and nasal NO in normal subjects (n = 50) and AR patients with mild symptoms (n = 16) or moderate or severe symptoms (n = 27). Nasal NO measurements were obtained using an electrochemical analyzer connected to a catheter and an air-Suction Pump (flow rate 50 mL/ sec). Results : Compared to the normal subjects, the AR patients showed significantly higher nasal FeNO and nasal NO levels in the IT area. No significant difference in the MM area was observed among the three groups. The MM area showed higher NO levels than the IT area in all three groups. The ratio of nasal NO levels of the MM area to the IT area (MM/IT ratio) was significantly lower in the AR groups. The moderate/severe AR patients showed significantly higher nasal NO in the IT area (104.4 vs. 66.2 ppb) and lower MM/IT ratios than those in the mild AR patients. The analysis of nasal brushing cells revealed significantly higher eosinophil cationic protein and nitrotyrosine levels in the AR groups. Conclusions : Nasal NO assessment in the IT area directly reflects persistent eosinophilic inflammation and may be a valid marker to estimate the severity of AR.
Harald W. Krenn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ORIGINAL PAPER Time management and nectar flow: flower handling and Suction feeding in long-proboscid flies
2015Co-Authors: Nemestrinidae Prosoeca, Florian Karolyi, Jonathan F. Colville, Brian D Metscher, Linde Morawetz, Stephan H, Harald W. KrennAbstract:Abstract Awell-developed Suction Pump in the head repre-sents an important adaptation for nectar-feeding insects, such as Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera. This Pumping organ creates a pressure gradient along the proboscis, which is responsible for nectar uptake. The extremely elongated proboscis of the genus Prosoeca (Nemestrinidae) evolved as an adaptation to feeding from long, tubular flowers. According to the functional constraint hypothesis, nectar up-take through a disproportionately elongated, straw-like pro-boscis increases flower handling time and consequently lowers the energy intake rate. Due to the conspicuous length variation of the proboscis of Prosoeca, individuals with lon-ger proboscides are hypothesised to have longer handling times. To test this hypothesis, we used field video analyses of flower-visiting behaviour, detailed examinations of the Suction Pump morphology and correlations of proboscis length with body length and Suction Pump dimensions. Using a biomechanical framework described for nectar-feeding Lepidoptera in relation to proboscis length and suc-tion Pumpmusculature, we describe and contrast the system in long-proboscid flies. Flies with longer proboscides spent sig-nificantly more time drinking from flowers. In addition, pro-boscis length and body length showed a positive allometric relationship. Furthermore, adaptations of the Suction Pump included an allometric relationship between proboscis length and Suction Pump muscle volume and a combination of two Pumping organs. Overall, the study gives detailed insight into the adaptations required for long-proboscid nectar feeding, and comparisons with other nectar-sucking insects allow fur-ther considerations of the evolution of the Suction Pump in insects with sucking mouthparts
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time management and nectar flow flower handling and Suction feeding in long proboscid flies nemestrinidae prosoeca
Naturwissenschaften, 2013Co-Authors: Florian Karolyi, Jonathan F. Colville, Stephan Handschuh, Brian D Metscher, Linde Morawetz, Harald W. KrennAbstract:A well-developed Suction Pump in the head represents an important adaptation for nectar-feeding insects, such as Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera. This Pumping organ creates a pressure gradient along the proboscis, which is responsible for nectar uptake. The extremely elongated proboscis of the genus Prosoeca (Nemestrinidae) evolved as an adaptation to feeding from long, tubular flowers. According to the functional constraint hypothesis, nectar uptake through a disproportionately elongated, straw-like proboscis increases flower handling time and consequently lowers the energy intake rate. Due to the conspicuous length variation of the proboscis of Prosoeca, individuals with longer proboscides are hypothesised to have longer handling times. To test this hypothesis, we used field video analyses of flower-visiting behaviour, detailed examinations of the Suction Pump morphology and correlations of proboscis length with body length and Suction Pump dimensions. Using a biomechanical framework described for nectar-feeding Lepidoptera in relation to proboscis length and Suction Pump musculature, we describe and contrast the system in long-proboscid flies. Flies with longer proboscides spent significantly more time drinking from flowers. In addition, proboscis length and body length showed a positive allometric relationship. Furthermore, adaptations of the Suction Pump included an allometric relationship between proboscis length and Suction Pump muscle volume and a combination of two Pumping organs. Overall, the study gives detailed insight into the adaptations required for long-proboscid nectar feeding, and comparisons with other nectar-sucking insects allow further considerations of the evolution of the Suction Pump in insects with sucking mouthparts.
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form function and evolution of the mouthparts of blood feeding arthropoda
Arthropod Structure & Development, 2012Co-Authors: Harald W. Krenn, Horst AspockAbstract:This review compares the mouthparts and their modes of operation in blood-feeding Arthropoda which have medical relevance to humans. All possess piercing blood-sucking proboscides which exhibit thin stylet-shaped structures to puncture the host's skin. The tips of the piercing structures are serrated to provide anchorage. Usually, the piercing organs are enveloped by a soft sheath-like part which is not inserted. The piercing process includes either back and forth movements of the piercing structures, or sideways cutting motions, or the apex of the proboscis bears teeth-like structures which execute drilling movements. Most piercing-proboscides have a food-canal which is separate from a salivary canal. The food-canal is functionally connected to a Suction Pump in the head that transports blood into the alimentary tract. The salivary canal conducts saliva to the tip of the proboscis, from where it is discharged into the host. Piercing blood-sucking proboscides evolved either from (1) generalized biting-chewing mouthparts, (2) from piercing mouthparts of predators, or plant sap or seed feeders, (3) from lapping or sponging mouthparts. Representatives of one taxon of Acari liquefy skin tissue by enzymatic action. During feeding, many blood-feeding arthropods inadvertently transmit pathogens, which mostly are transported through the discharged saliva into the host.
Ml Costa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of negative pressure wound therapy vs standard wound management on 12-month disability among adults with severe open fracture of the lower limb: The WOLLF randomized clinical trial
'American Medical Association (AMA)', 2018Co-Authors: Ml Costa, Achten J, Bruce J, Tutton E, Petrou S, Se Lamb, Nr ParsonsAbstract:Importance Open fractures of the lower limb occur when a broken bone penetrates the skin. There can be major complications from these fractures, which can be life-changing. Objectives To assess the disability, rate of deep infection, and quality of life in patients with severe open fracture of the lower limb treated with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) vs standard wound management after the first surgical debridement of the wound. Design, Setting, and Participants Multicenter randomized trial performed in the UK Major Trauma Network, recruiting 460 patients aged 16 years or older with a severe open fracture of the lower limb from July 2012 through December 2015. Final outcome data were collected through November 2016. Exclusions were presentation more than 72 hours after injury and inability to complete questionnaires. Interventions NPWT (n = 226) in which an open-cell solid foam or gauze was placed over the surface of the wound and connected to a Suction Pump, creating a partial vacuum over the dressing, vs standard dressings not involving application of negative pressure (n = 234). Main Outcomes and Measures Disability Rating Index score (range, 0 [no disability] to 100 [completely disabled]) at 12 months was the primary outcome measure, with a minimal clinically important difference of 8 points. Secondary outcomes were complications including deep infection and quality of life (score ranged from 1 [best possible] to −0.59 [worst possible]; minimal clinically important difference, 0.08) collected at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Results Among 460 patients who were randomized (mean age, 45.3 years; 74% men), 88% (374/427) of available study participants completed the trial. There were no statistically significant differences in the patients’ Disability Rating Index score at 12 months (mean score, 45.5 in the NPWT group vs 42.4 in the standard dressing group; mean difference, −3.9 [95% CI, −8.9 to 1.2]; P = .13), in the number of deep surgical site infections (16 [7.1%] in the NPWT group vs 19 [8.1%] in the standard dressing group; difference, 1.0% [95% CI, −4.2% to 6.3%]; P = .64), or in quality of life between groups (difference in EuroQol 5-dimensions questionnaire, 0.02 [95% CI, −0.05 to 0.08]; Short Form–12 Physical Component Score, 0.5 [95% CI, −3.1 to 4.1] and Mental Health Component Score, −0.4 [95% CI, −2.2 to 1.4]). Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with severe open fracture of the lower limb, use of NPWT compared with standard wound dressing did not improve self-rated disability at 12 months. The findings do not support this treatment for severe open fractures
