Sugar Intake

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Berthold Koletzko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Influence of total Sugar Intake on metabolic blood markers at 8 years of age in the Childhood Obesity Project
    European Journal of Nutrition, 2020
    Co-Authors: N. Aumueller, D. Gruszfeld, K. Gradowska, J. Escribano, F. Martin, P. Poncelet, E. Verduci, A. Redionigi, Natalia Ferré, Berthold Koletzko
    Abstract:

    Purpose We aimed to characterize the association of dietary Sugar Intake with blood lipids and glucose-related markers in childhood. Methods Data from the multicentric European Childhood Obesity Project Trial were used. Three-day weighed dietary records were obtained at 8 years of age along with serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose, and insulin. Total Sugar Intake comprised all mono- and disaccharides; different Sugar sources were defined. Linear regression models were applied to investigate the cross-sectional association of total Sugar Intake with blood lipids and glucose-related markers with adjustment for total energy Intake using the residual method. Results Data were available for 325 children. Children consumed on average 332 kcal (SD 110) and 21% (SD 6) of energy from total Sugar. In an energy-adjusted model, an increase of 100 kcal from total Sugar per day was significantly associated with a z score HDL-C decrease (− 0.14; 95% CI − 0.01, − 0.27; p value = 0.031). Concerning different food groups of total Sugar Intake, 100 kcal total Sugar from sweetened beverages was negatively associated with z score HDL-C (− 1.67; 95% CI − 0.42, − 2.91; p value = 0.009), while total Sugar from milk products was positively related to z score HDL-C (1.38, 95% CI 0.03, 2.72; p value = 0.045). None of the other blood lipids or glucose-related markers showed a significant relationship with total Sugar Intake. Conclusion Increasing dietary total Sugar Intake in children, especially from sweetened beverages, was associated with unfavorable effects on HDL-C, which might increase the long-term risk for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Clinical trial registry ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00338689; Registered: June 19, 2006. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00338689?term=NCT00338689&rank=1 .

  • Associations of Sugar Intake with anthropometrics in children from ages 2 until 8 years in the EU Childhood Obesity Project
    European Journal of Nutrition, 2019
    Co-Authors: N. Aumueller, D. Gruszfeld, K. Gradowska, J. Escribano, E. Verduci, A. Redionigi, Natalia Ferré, Déborah Rousseaux, Joana Hoyos, Berthold Koletzko
    Abstract:

    Purpose We determined the association of total Sugar Intake with body weight and fat mass in children on an energy-equivalent basis and potential changes in the association from 2 to 8 years of age. Methods Data were available from the Childhood Obesity Project Trial initiated in 2002. Sugar Intake was measured by 3-day weighed food protocols at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 years of age. Body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (FMI) were available at the same time points. To investigate the association of Sugar Intake with anthropometrics over time, linear mixed models were applied. Odds ratios for having a high BMI or FMI (above one standard deviation) were estimated by logistic random-effects models. To control for total energy Intake, the residual method was chosen and models were additionally adjusted for total energy Intake. Results Data were available for 809 children with in total 2846 observations. In an isocaloric model, an increase of 100 kcal from Sugar per day was significantly associated with lower zBMI (− 0.033; 95% CI −0.061, − 0.005) and zFMI (− 0.050; 95% CI − 0.089, − 0.011). In addition, a 100 kcal higher Sugar Intake was related to lower odds of having a high zBMI (OR 0.743; 95% CI 0.611, 0.903). Conclusion This study provides no indication that increased total Sugar Intake positively affects BMI on an energy-equivalent basis. Whether the negative association of Sugar is due to physiological effects or points more to macronutrient preferences or a reporting bias (lower Sugar Intake) in children with higher BMI can be debated. Clinical trial registry ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00338689; Registered: June 19, 2006. URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00338689?term=NCT00338689&rank=1 .

  • Associations of Sugar Intake with anthropometrics in children from ages 2 until 8 years in the EU Childhood Obesity Project
    European journal of nutrition, 2019
    Co-Authors: N. Aumueller, D. Gruszfeld, K. Gradowska, J. Escribano, E. Verduci, A. Redionigi, Natalia Ferré, Déborah Rousseaux, Joana Hoyos, Berthold Koletzko
    Abstract:

    We determined the association of total Sugar Intake with body weight and fat mass in children on an energy-equivalent basis and potential changes in the association from 2 to 8 years of age. Data were available from the Childhood Obesity Project Trial initiated in 2002. Sugar Intake was measured by 3-day weighed food protocols at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 years of age. Body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (FMI) were available at the same time points. To investigate the association of Sugar Intake with anthropometrics over time, linear mixed models were applied. Odds ratios for having a high BMI or FMI (above one standard deviation) were estimated by logistic random-effects models. To control for total energy Intake, the residual method was chosen and models were additionally adjusted for total energy Intake. Data were available for 809 children with in total 2846 observations. In an isocaloric model, an increase of 100 kcal from Sugar per day was significantly associated with lower zBMI (− 0.033; 95% CI −0.061, − 0.005) and zFMI (− 0.050; 95% CI − 0.089, − 0.011). In addition, a 100 kcal higher Sugar Intake was related to lower odds of having a high zBMI (OR 0.743; 95% CI 0.611, 0.903). This study provides no indication that increased total Sugar Intake positively affects BMI on an energy-equivalent basis. Whether the negative association of Sugar is due to physiological effects or points more to macronutrient preferences or a reporting bias (lower Sugar Intake) in children with higher BMI can be debated. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00338689; Registered: June 19, 2006. URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00338689?term=NCT00338689&rank=1 .

  • Total and Added Sugar Intake: Assessment in Eight Latin American Countries
    Nutrients, 2018
    Co-Authors: Mauro Fisberg, Irina Kovalskys, Georgina Gómez, Attilio Rigotti, Lilia Yadira Cortés Sanabria, Martha Cecilia Yépez García, Rossina Gabriella Pareja Torres, Marianella Herrera-cuenca, Ioná Zalcman Zimberg, Berthold Koletzko
    Abstract:

    Non-communicable diseases are growing at an alarming rate in Latin America. We assessed total and added Sugar Intake in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, to verify the adequacy of the World Health Organization’s recommendations, considering gender, socioeconomic level (SEL) and age. A total of 9218 non-institutionalized individuals living in urban areas (age range 15–65 years) were assessed in the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), a multicenter household population-based cross-sectional survey. Socio-demographic data were collected. Total and added Sugar Intakes were measured using two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. The prevalence of excessive Sugar Intake was estimated. A large proportion of individuals showed high consumption of total and added Sugar Intake, which reflected in the high prevalence of excessive Sugar Intake. With minimal differences across countries, in general, women, individuals with high SEL, and younger people had higher percentages of total energy Intake from total and added Sugar Intake, and of contribution of carbohydrates from total and added Sugars. Thus, there is high consumption of total and added Sugar Intake in the Latin American countries with some peculiarities considering socio-demographic variables, which should be considered in each country’s health intervention proposals.

  • Factors associated with Sugar Intake and Sugar sources in European children from 1 to 8 years of age.
    European journal of clinical nutrition, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ingrid Pawellek, E. Verduci, Veit Grote, Melissa A. Theurich, Ricardo Closa-monasterolo, Anna Stolarczyk, Annick Xhonneux, Berthold Koletzko
    Abstract:

    Factors associated with Sugar Intake and Sugar sources in European children from 1 to 8 years of age

Jill M. Norris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Bradley C. Johnston - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Scientific Basis of Guideline Recommendations on Sugar Intake.
    Annals of internal medicine, 2017
    Co-Authors: Behnam Sadeghirad, Bradley C. Johnston
    Abstract:

    This systematic review examines the consistency and quality of 9 guidelines on dietary Sugar Intake that offered 12 recommendations.

  • the scientific basis of guideline recommendations on Sugar Intake a systematic review
    Annals of Internal Medicine, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jennifer Erickson, Behnam Sadeghirad, Lyubov Lytvyn, Joanne L Slavin, Bradley C. Johnston
    Abstract:

    Background: The relationship between Sugar and health is affected by energy balance, macronutrient substitutions, and diet and lifestyle patterns. Several authoritative organizations have issued public health guidelines addressing dietary Sugars. Purpose: To systematically review guidelines on Sugar Intake and assess consistency of recommendations, methodological quality of guidelines, and the quality of evidence supporting each recommendation. Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science (1995 to September 2016); guideline registries; and gray literature (bibliographies, Google, and experts). Study Selection: Guidelines addressing Sugar Intake that reported their methods of development and were published in English between 1995 and 2016. Data Extraction: Three reviewers independently assessed guideline quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation, 2nd edition (AGREE II), instrument. To assess evidence quality, articles supporting recommendations were independently reviewed and their quality was determined by using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methods. Data Synthesis: The search identified 9 guidelines that offered 12 recommendations. Each of the reviewed guidelines indicated a suggested decrease in the consumption of foods containing nonintrinsic Sugars. The guidelines scored poorly on AGREE II criteria, specifically in rigor of development, applicability, and editorial independence. Seven recommendations provided nonquantitative guidance; 5 recommended less than 25% to less than 5% of total calories from nonintrinsic Sugars. The recommendations were based on various health concerns, including nutrient displacement, dental caries, and weight gain. Quality of evidence supporting recommendations was low to very low. Limitation: The authors conducted the study independent of the funding source, which is primarily supported by the food and agriculture industry. Conclusion: Guidelines on dietary Sugar do not meet criteria for trustworthy recommendations and are based on low-quality evidence. Public health officials (when promulgating these recommendations) and their public audience (when considering dietary behavior) should be aware of these limitations. Primary Funding Source: Technical Committee on Dietary Carbohydrates of the North American branch of the International Life Sciences Institute. (PROSPERO: CRD42015029182).

Barrie Margetts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • added Sugar Intake in south africa findings from the adult prospective urban and rural epidemiology cohort study
    The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2014
    Co-Authors: Hester H Vorster, Annamarie Kruger, Edelweiss Wentzelviljoen, Salome H Kruger, Barrie Margetts
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND Obesity and other noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors are increasing in low- and middle-income countries. There are few data on the association between increased added Sugar Intake and NCD risk in these countries. OBJECTIVE We assessed the relation between added Sugar Intake and NCD risk factors in an African cohort study. Added Sugars were defined as all monosaccharides and disaccharides added to foods and beverages during processing, cooking, and at the table. DESIGN We conducted a 5-y follow-up of a cohort of 2010 urban and rural men and women aged 30-70 y of age at recruitment in 2005 from the North West Province in South Africa. RESULTS Added Sugar Intake, particularly in rural areas, has increased rapidly in the past 5 y. In rural areas, the proportion of adults who consumed sucrose-sweetened beverages approximately doubled (for men, from 25% to 56%; for women, from 33% to 63%) in the past 5 y. After adjustment, subjects who consumed more added Sugars (≥10% energy from added Sugars) compared with those who consumed less added Sugars had a higher waist circumference [mean difference (95% CI): 1.07 cm (0.35, 1.79 cm)] and body mass index (in kg/m²) [0.43 (0.12, 0.74)] and lower HDL cholesterol [-0.08 mmol/L (-0.14, 0.002 mmol/L)]. CONCLUSIONS This cohort showed dramatic increases in added Sugars and sucrose-sweetened beverage consumption in both urban and rural areas. Increased consumption was associated with increased NCD risk factors. In addition, the study showed that the nutrition transition has reached a remote rural area in South Africa. Urgent action is needed to address these trends.

Satoshi Sasaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • association of free Sugar Intake estimated using a newly developed food composition database with lifestyles and parental characteristics among japanese children aged 3 6 years donguri study
    Journal of Epidemiology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Aya Fujiwara, Kentaro Murakami, Keiko Asakura, Ken Uechi, Minami Sugimoto, Han-chieh Wang, Shizuko Masayasu, Satoshi Sasaki
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND The lack of comprehensive food composition databases for Sugar contents in Japanese foods has led to the lack of nutritional epidemiologic studies on Sugar Intake in Japanese population. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association of free Sugar Intake estimated using a newly developed food composition database with the characteristics and lifestyles of Japanese children aged 3-6 years. METHODS The food composition database contained information on Sugars in 2,222 commonly consumed Japanese foods. Using this database, we estimated the Sugar (total, added, and free Sugars) Intakes derived from a 3-day weighed dietary record of 166 boys and 166 girls aged 3-6 years living in 24 prefectures in Japan. RESULTS The mean free Sugar Intake was 26.8 g/d (standard deviation [SD], 12.3 g/d), while the mean value for energy Intake was 7.8% (SD, 3.2%). The prevalence of excessive free Sugar Intake (≥10% of energy Intake) was 21.7%. Among the characteristics and lifestyles examined, screen time was most strongly associated with the prevalence of excessive free Sugar Intake: multivariate adjusted odds ratios for screen time <0.5, ≥0.5 to <1, and ≥1 h/d were 1.0 (reference), 3.81 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-13.98), and 4.36 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-16.35), respectively. Additionally, younger age, shorter sleep, and mothers with office work and service and sales jobs (compared with those with professional and managerial jobs) were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of excessive free Sugar Intake. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the Sugar Intake of Japanese children aged 3-6 years is positively associated with screen time.

  • Association of Free Sugar Intake Estimated Using a Newly-Developed Food Composition Database With Lifestyles and Parental Characteristics Among Japanese Children Aged 3–6 Years: DONGuRI Study
    Journal of epidemiology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Aya Fujiwara, Kentaro Murakami, Keiko Asakura, Ken Uechi, Minami Sugimoto, Han-chieh Wang, Shizuko Masayasu, Satoshi Sasaki
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND The lack of comprehensive food composition databases for Sugar contents in Japanese foods has led to the lack of nutritional epidemiologic studies on Sugar Intake in Japanese population. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association of free Sugar Intake estimated using a newly developed food composition database with the characteristics and lifestyles of Japanese children aged 3-6 years. METHODS The food composition database contained information on Sugars in 2,222 commonly consumed Japanese foods. Using this database, we estimated the Sugar (total, added, and free Sugars) Intakes derived from a 3-day weighed dietary record of 166 boys and 166 girls aged 3-6 years living in 24 prefectures in Japan. RESULTS The mean free Sugar Intake was 26.8 g/d (standard deviation [SD], 12.3 g/d), while the mean value for energy Intake was 7.8% (SD, 3.2%). The prevalence of excessive free Sugar Intake (≥10% of energy Intake) was 21.7%. Among the characteristics and lifestyles examined, screen time was most strongly associated with the prevalence of excessive free Sugar Intake: multivariate adjusted odds ratios for screen time

  • Estimation of Starch and Sugar Intake in a Japanese Population Based on a Newly Developed Food Composition Database.
    Nutrients, 2018
    Co-Authors: Aya Fujiwara, Kentaro Murakami, Keiko Asakura, Ken Uechi, Minami Sugimoto, Han-chieh Wang, Shizuko Masayasu, Satoshi Sasaki
    Abstract:

    Due to a lack of a food composition database on starch and Sugars, we developed a comprehensive database on starch and seven types of Sugars in commonly consumed foods (n = 2222) in Japan. Dietary record data of 368 toddlers (aged 18–35 months), 376 preschool children (aged 3–6 years), 915 schoolchildren (aged 8–14 years) and 392 adults (aged 20–69 years) were used. The mean starch Intake ranged from 55.6 g/day (female toddlers) to 206.0 g/day (male schoolchildren). Irrespective of age and sex, >50% of starch was provided by rice and grains. The mean total Sugar Intake ranged from 46.1 g/day (female toddlers) to 68.7 g/day (male schoolchildren). In all age and sex groups, the major contributors of total Sugar included sucrose (mean: 18.2–34.0 g/day), glucose (7.8–13.1 g/day), lactose (5.3–13.1 g/day) and fructose (7.6–11.1 g/day). The top food sources were dairy products (toddlers) and confectionaries (other age groups) for total Sugar, confectionaries for sucrose, fruits (toddlers) and vegetables (other age groups) for glucose, dairy products for lactose and fruits (toddlers and preschool children) and vegetables (schoolchildren and adults) for fructose. In conclusion, this study clarified the starch and Sugar Intake in Japan and provides a foundation for future research.

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