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Abrar A Qureshi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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history of severe Sunburn and risk of skin cancer among women and men in 2 prospective cohort studies
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2016Co-Authors: Eunyoung Cho, Martin A Weinstock, Jiali Han, Abrar A QureshiAbstract:Few studies have assessed the relationship between Sunburn and risk of different skin cancers (melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC)) in prospective studies simultaneously, and little is known about the association of severe Sunburns at different body sites with skin cancer risk. We used data on 87,166 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1982-2010) and 32,959 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1992-2010) to investigate skin cancer risk associated with history of severe Sunburns at different body sites (face/arms, trunk, and lower limbs). After adjustment for other risk factors, overall baseline history of severe Sunburn was more apparently associated with risk of melanoma than with risk of SCC and BCC in men (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were 2.41 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32, 4.41) for melanoma, 1.48 (95% CI: 1.08, 2.03) for SCC, and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.32) for BCC) but not in women. Sunburn on the trunk appeared to be more closely associated with melanoma risk, but not risk of SCC and BCC, when compared with Sunburns at other body sites (face/arms and lower limbs). These differences were more apparent in men than in women. Pending further investigation, our findings add novel insights to the existing literature on Sunburn history and skin cancer risk.
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long term ultraviolet flux other potential risk factors and skin cancer risk a cohort study
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2014Co-Authors: Shaowei Wu, Francine Laden, Abrar A QureshiAbstract:Background: Few prospective studies have examined the relationship between sun exposure, other potential risk factors, and risk of different skin cancers [including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma] simultaneously. Methods: We evaluated the association between a number of potential risk factors and skin cancer risk in a cohort of 108,916 US women, the Nurses' Health Study II (1989–2009). Results: During 2.05 million years of follow-up, we identified 6,955, 880, and 779 diagnoses of BCC, SCC, and melanoma, respectively. Compared with participants in the lowest quintile of cumulative ultraviolet flux in adulthood, participants in the highest quintile had multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RR) of 2.35 ( P trend < 0.0001) for BCC, 2.53 ( P trend = 0.009) for SCC, and 0.68 ( P trend = 0.38) for melanoma. In contrast, the RRs were 1.68 (95% CI, 1.55–1.82) for BCC, 1.68 (95% CI, 1.34–2.11) for SCC, and 1.80 (95% CI, 1.42–2.28) for melanoma for participants with ≥5 blistering Sunburns when compared with participants without Sunburn between ages 15 and 20 years. We found significant interactions between family history of melanoma, number of blistering Sunburns between ages 15 and 20 years and BCC risk, and between Sunburn reaction as a child/adolescent and SCC risk (all P interaction < 0.05). Conclusion: In a cohort of U.S. women, we found that sun exposures in both early life and adulthood were predictive of BCC and SCC risks, whereas melanoma risk was predominantly associated with sun exposure in early life. Impact: Our results may have potential implications for the prevention of skin cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(6); 1080–9. ©2014 AACR .
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basal cell carcinoma incidence and associated risk factors in us women and men
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2013Co-Authors: Jiali Han, Abrar A QureshiAbstract:There is a paucity of data on basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) in the United States, since most national registries do not collect information on BCC. We evaluated BCC incidence trends and associated risk factors for BCC in 140,171 participants from a U.S. female cohort, the Nurses' Health Study (1986-2006), and a U.S. male cohort, the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (1988-2006). Age-adjusted BCC incidence rates increased from 519 cases per 100,000 person-years to 1,019 cases per 100,000 person years for women and increased from 606 cases per 100,000 person-years to 1,488 cases per 100,000 person-years for men during the follow-up period. Cox proportional hazards analysis identified the following phenotypic risk factors for BCC in both cohorts: family history of melanoma, blond or red hair colors, higher number of extremity moles, higher susceptibility to Sunburn as a child/adolescent, and higher lifetime number of severe/blistering Sunburns. The multivariate-adjusted risk ratio for the highest quintile of cumulative midrange ultraviolet B flux exposure versus the lowest quintile was 3.18 (95% confidence interval: 2.70, 3.76) in women and 1.90 (95% confidence interval: 1.57, 2.29) in men. BCC incidence was generally higher in men than in women, and BCC risk was strongly associated with several phenotypic and exposure factors, including midrange ultraviolet B radiation, in our study populations.
Bruce K. Armstrong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sun exposure and melanoma risk at different latitudes: a pooled analysis of 5700 cases and 7216 controls
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2009Co-Authors: Yu-mei Chang, Bruce K. Armstrong, Marianne Berwick, Jennifer H. Barrett, Timothy Bishop, Veronique Bataille, Wilma Bergman, Paige M. Bracci, Mark Elwood, Marc S. ErnstoffAbstract:Background Melanoma risk is related to sun exposure; we have investigated risk variation by tumour site and latitude. Methods We performed a pooled analysis of 15 case-control studies (5700 melanoma cases and 7216 controls), correlating patterns of sun exposure, Sunburn and solar keratoses (three studies) with melanoma risk. Pooled odds ratios (pORs) and 95% Bayesian confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Bayesian unconditional polytomous logistic random-coefficients models. Results Recreational sun exposure was a risk factor for melanoma on the trunk (pOR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.4-2.2) and limbs (pOR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.7), but not head and neck (pOR 1.1; 95% CI: 0.8-1.4), across latitudes. Occupational sun exposure was associated with risk of melanoma on the head and neck at low latitudes (pOR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0-3.0). Total sun exposure was associated with increased risk of melanoma on the limbs at low latitudes (pOR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.2), but not at other body sites or other latitudes. The pORs for Sunburn in childhood were 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3-1.7), 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3-1.7) and 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1-1.7) for melanoma on the trunk, limbs, and head and neck, respectively, showing little variation across latitudes. The presence of head and neck solar keratoses was associated with increased risk of melanoma on the head and neck (pOR 4.0; 95% CI: 1.7-9.1) and limbs (pOR 4.0; 95% CI: 1.9-8.4). Conclusion Melanoma risk at different body sites is associated with different amounts and patterns of sun exposure. Recreational sun exposure and Sunburn are strong predictors of melanoma at all latitudes, whereas measures of occupational and total sun exposure appear to predict melanoma predominately at low latitudes. Keywords Melanoma, recreational sun exposure, occupational sun exposure, total sun exposure, Sunburn, solar keratoses
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a prospective study of pigmentation sun exposure and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma in women
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2003Co-Authors: Marit B. Veierød, Eiliv Lund, Elisabete Weiderpass, Bruce K. Armstrong, Magnus Thorn, Johan Hansson, Hansolov AdamiAbstract:Background: Although sun exposure is an established cause of cutaneous malignant melanoma, possible interactions with host factors remain incompletely understood. Here we report the first results from a large prospective cohort study of pigmentation factors and sun exposure in relation to melanoma risk. Methods: The Women's Lifestyle and Health Cohort Study included 106379 women from Norway and Sweden who were aged 30-50 years in 1991 or 1992 when they completed an extensive questionnaire on personal characteristics and exposures. Linkages to national registries ensured complete follow-up through December 31, 1999. Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: During an average follow-up of 8.1 years, 187 cases of melanoma were diagnosed. Risk of melanoma was statistically significantly associated with increasing body surface area (RR for ≥1.79 m 2 versus ≤1.61 m 2 = 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03 to 2.48; P trend =.02), number of large asymmetric nevi on the legs (RR for ≥7 nevi versus 0 nevi = 5.29, 95% CI = 2.33 to 12.01; P trend <.001), hair color (RR for red versus dark brown or black = 4.05, 95% CI = 2.11 to 7.76; P trend <.001), Sunburns per year at ages 10-19, 20-29, and 30-39 years (P trend <.001, P trend =.03, and P trend =.05, respectively), and use of a device that emits artificial light (solarium) one or more times per month (P =.04). Conclusions: Our results confirm previous findings that hair color, number of nevi on the legs, and history of Sunburn are risk factors for melanoma and suggest that use of a solarium is also associated with melanoma risk. Adolescence and early adulthood appear to be among the most sensitive age periods for the effects of Sunburn and solarium use on melanoma risk. However, it may be too early to see the full effect of adult exposures in this cohort.
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case control study of sun exposure and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
International Journal of Cancer, 1998Co-Authors: Dallas R English, Bruce K. Armstrong, Anne Kricker, Peter J Heenan, Michael G Winter, Peter RandellAbstract:We conducted a case-control study of sun exposure and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin within a population-based, longitudinal study of skin cancer. Cases had histopathologically confirmed SCC. Subjects were interviewed about their lifetime sun exposure, including exposure to the site of the SCC (sites for controls were assigned randomly). Analysis was restricted to 132 cases and 1,031 controls born in Australia and with no ancestors from southern Europe. The total site-specific exposure was strongly related to risk of SCC; the odds ratio increased to a maximum of 3.3 at 65,000 hr of exposure before falling slightly. Site-specific exposure during childhood and adolescence was more strongly associated with SCC than exposure during adulthood. An intermittent pattern of weekly sun exposure was not associated with SCC and the odds ratios for hours of exposure on vacation were close to unity. The number of blistering Sunburns to the site was positively associated with SCC. Use of sunscreens and hats showed inconsistent effects. Sun exposure, especially during childhood and adolescence, increases the risk of SCC. The pattern of exposure appears to be unimportant, despite the association with Sunburn, which may simply be an indicator of the skin's sensitivity to sunlight.
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does intermittent sun exposure cause basal cell carcinoma a case control study in western australia
International Journal of Cancer, 1995Co-Authors: Anne Kricker, Bruce K. Armstrong, Dallas R English, Peter J HeenanAbstract:Our report deals with the relationship of pattern and timing of sun exposure to basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in a population-based case-control study conducted in Western Australia in 1988. The main measure of intermittent exposure was based on the amount of exposure on non-working days relative to that over the whole week. Outdoor recreational activities, holidays and Sunburn were also considered to be markers of intermittent exposure. We observed a statistically significant increase in risk of BCC with increasing proportion of weekly sun exposure obtained at the weekend, especially in late teenage (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.9-7.8 for maximum intermittency of exposure), exposure of the site of skin cancer during holidays (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.1 for the highest exposure quarter) and Sunburn to the site (ORs of 1.8 for 3-10 and 1.5 for 11+ Sunburns in a lifetime). Risk of BCC increased substantially with increasing intermittency in poor tanners but not at all in good tanners. Our data suggest that a particular amount of sun exposure delivered in infrequent, probably intense increments will increase risk of BCC more than a similar dose delivered more continuously over the same total period of time.
Martin A Weinstock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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history of severe Sunburn and risk of skin cancer among women and men in 2 prospective cohort studies
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2016Co-Authors: Eunyoung Cho, Martin A Weinstock, Jiali Han, Abrar A QureshiAbstract:Few studies have assessed the relationship between Sunburn and risk of different skin cancers (melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC)) in prospective studies simultaneously, and little is known about the association of severe Sunburns at different body sites with skin cancer risk. We used data on 87,166 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1982-2010) and 32,959 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1992-2010) to investigate skin cancer risk associated with history of severe Sunburns at different body sites (face/arms, trunk, and lower limbs). After adjustment for other risk factors, overall baseline history of severe Sunburn was more apparently associated with risk of melanoma than with risk of SCC and BCC in men (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were 2.41 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32, 4.41) for melanoma, 1.48 (95% CI: 1.08, 2.03) for SCC, and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.32) for BCC) but not in women. Sunburn on the trunk appeared to be more closely associated with melanoma risk, but not risk of SCC and BCC, when compared with Sunburns at other body sites (face/arms and lower limbs). These differences were more apparent in men than in women. Pending further investigation, our findings add novel insights to the existing literature on Sunburn history and skin cancer risk.
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trends in Sunburns sun protection practices and attitudes toward sun exposure protection and tanning among us adolescents 1998 2004
Pediatrics, 2006Co-Authors: Vilma Cokkinides, Karen Glanz, Martin A Weinstock, Jessica D Albano, Elizabeth Ward, Michael J ThunAbstract:BACKGROUND. Sun exposure in childhood is an important risk factor for developing skin cancer as an adult. Despite extensive efforts to reduce sun exposure among the young, there are no population-based data on trends in Sunburns and sun protection practices in the young. The aim of this study was to describe nationally representative trend data on Sunburns, sun protection, and attitudes related to sun exposure among US youth. METHODS. Cross-sectional telephone surveys of youth aged 11 to 18 years in 1998 (N = 1196) and in 2004 (N = 1613) were conducted using a 2-stage sampling process to draw population-based samples. The surveys asked identical questions about sun protection, number of Sunburns experienced, and attitudes toward sun exposure. Time trends were evaluated using pooled logistic regression analysis. RESULTS. In 2004, 69% of subjects reported having been Sunburned during the summer, not significantly less than in 1998 (72%). There was a significant decrease in the percentage of those aged 11 to 15 years who reported Sunburns and a nonsignificant increase among the 16- to 18-year-olds. The proportion of youth who reported regular sunscreen use increased significantly from 31% to 39%. Little change occurred in other recommended sun protection practices. CONCLUSIONS. A small reduction in Sunburn frequency and modest increases in sun protection practices were observed among youth between 1998 and 2004, despite widespread sun protection campaigns. Nevertheless, the decrease in Sunburns among younger teens may be cause for optimism regarding future trends. Overall, there was rather limited progress in improving sun protection practices and reducing Sunburns among US youth between 1998 and 2004.
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summer Sunburn and sun exposure among us youths ages 11 to 18 national prevalence and associated factors
Pediatrics, 2002Co-Authors: Kourtney J Davis, Vilma Cokkinides, Martin A Weinstock, Mary C Oconnell, Phyllis A WingoAbstract:Objective. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that ultraviolet radiation (UVR), from sun exposure and Sunburns during early life, is associated with increased risk of melanoma and other skin cancers in adulthood. The objective of this study was to gather national, population-based data on sun exposure and protection behaviors among US youths ages 11 to 18 to quantify the magnitude and patterns of sun exposure and establish baselines for continued surveillance. Methods. A nationwide survey based on random-digit dialing and stratified, 2-stage national probability sampling was conducted of households with telephones in the 48 contiguous states of the United States during July through October of 1998; a population-based sample of 1192 youth ages 11 to 18 was studied to measure weighted prevalence estimates of summer Sunburn and sun exposure and adjusted prevalence odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from logistic regression analyses of Sunburn. Results. Among youths ages 11 to 18, 72% reported having had at least 1 summer Sunburn, 30% reported at least 3, and 12% reported at least 5 Sunburns. Before receiving their most serious summer Sunburn, 39% of youths reported having applied sunscreen. Factors associated with increased odds of Sunburn included greater sun sensitivity, white race, age younger than 16 years, more hours spent outdoors, and high desirability of a tan. Conclusions. Summer Sunburn was the norm among US youths ages 11 to 18. The high frequency of sunscreen use during the Sunburning episodes suggests the need to educate youth and parents better about proper use of these agents, as well as the importance of practicing other sun protection behaviors, such as wearing hats and protective clothing and avoiding the sun during peak exposure times. These data may serve as a baseline for tracking progress in skin cancer prevention efforts and will inform the crafting of future public health campaigns.
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risk factors for basal cell carcinoma of the skin in men results from the health professionals follow up study
American Journal of Epidemiology, 1999Co-Authors: Rob M Van Dam, Graham A Colditz, Martin A Weinstock, Zhiping Huang, Eric B Rimm, Donna Spiegelman, Walter C WiflettAbstract:The authors examined the relation of constitutional factors and sun exposure to risk of basal cell carcinoma of the skin (BCC) in a prospective cohort of 44,591 predominantly Caucasian US male health professionals, 40-75 years of age and free of cancer at enrollment in 1986. During 8 years of follow-up, 3,273 cases of self-reported BCC were documented. The following variables were each associated with an elevated risk of BCC: having red hair; green, hazel, or blue eyes; a tendency to Sunburn; and north European ancestry. The lifetime number of blistering Sunburns was also positively associated with BCC risk (p trend < 0.0001). Compared with men who as teenagers had been outside less than once a week, men who had been outside weekly (relative risk (RR) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14, 1.47) and daily (RR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.63) had an elevated risk of BCC. Living in a region of residence with high solar radiation as an adult was also associated with an increased risk of BCC (RR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.60), whereas living in such a region only in childhood did not increase BCC risk. These results confirm the role of constitutional factors and suggest that adult sun exposure increases BCC risk.
Walter C Wiflett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk factors for basal cell carcinoma of the skin in men results from the health professionals follow up study
American Journal of Epidemiology, 1999Co-Authors: Rob M Van Dam, Graham A Colditz, Martin A Weinstock, Zhiping Huang, Eric B Rimm, Donna Spiegelman, Walter C WiflettAbstract:The authors examined the relation of constitutional factors and sun exposure to risk of basal cell carcinoma of the skin (BCC) in a prospective cohort of 44,591 predominantly Caucasian US male health professionals, 40-75 years of age and free of cancer at enrollment in 1986. During 8 years of follow-up, 3,273 cases of self-reported BCC were documented. The following variables were each associated with an elevated risk of BCC: having red hair; green, hazel, or blue eyes; a tendency to Sunburn; and north European ancestry. The lifetime number of blistering Sunburns was also positively associated with BCC risk (p trend < 0.0001). Compared with men who as teenagers had been outside less than once a week, men who had been outside weekly (relative risk (RR) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14, 1.47) and daily (RR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.63) had an elevated risk of BCC. Living in a region of residence with high solar radiation as an adult was also associated with an increased risk of BCC (RR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.60), whereas living in such a region only in childhood did not increase BCC risk. These results confirm the role of constitutional factors and suggest that adult sun exposure increases BCC risk.
Graham A Colditz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sun protection practices among offspring of women with personal or family history of skin cancer
Pediatrics, 2006Co-Authors: Alan C. Geller, Graham A Colditz, Daniel R Brooks, Howard K Koh, Lindsay A FrazierAbstract:OBJECTIVE Family history of skin cancer is an important determinant of skin cancer risk for offspring. No previous study of the effect of personal or family history of skin cancer on the sun protection behaviors of the offspring has been published. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted of the sun protection behaviors of the adolescent participants in the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS), who were offspring of mothers from the Nurses Health Study II. Adolescents' surveys were matched with their mothers' reports of a personal or family history of skin cancer and compared with adolescents whose mothers did not report a personal or family history of skin cancer. The outcome measures were (1) occurrence of frequent Sunburns during the past summer, (2) use of a tanning bed during the past year, and (3) routine use of sunscreen. Frequent Sunburns were defined as the report of > or = 3 Sunburns during the past summer. We compared those who reported having used a tanning bed in the past year at least once with those who reported no tanning bed use in the past year. Routine use of sunscreen was defined as a respondent who replied that he or she "always" or "often" used sunscreen with sun protection factor of 15 or more when he or she was outside for > 15 minutes on a sunny day during the past summer. General estimating equations were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for gender, age, color of untanned skin, and number of friends who were tanned. We also conducted an additional analysis restricted to children whose mothers had received a diagnosis of skin cancer in which we assessed sun protection behaviors according to the child's age and mother's age at the time of the mother's diagnosis and the number of years that had passed since the diagnosis of the mother's skin cancer. RESULTS In 1999, 9943 children reported their sun protection behaviors; 8697 of their mothers had not received a diagnosis of skin cancer or reported a family history of melanoma, 463 participants' mothers had received a diagnosis of skin cancer, and 783 participants' mothers reported a family history of melanoma. Between 1989 and 1999, 371 mothers of GUTS participants received a diagnosis of skin cancer: melanoma (n = 44), squamous cell (n = 39), and basal cell cancer (n = 311); 23 mothers received a diagnosis of > 1 type of skin cancer. Because GUTS includes siblings from the same family, the 371 mothers with skin cancer had 463 offspring in GUTS. Offspring of mothers with skin cancer were slightly more likely to report frequent Sunburns in the past year compared with those with neither maternal diagnosis nor family history (39% vs 36%). Tanning bed use was not significantly different among those with either a maternal diagnosis of skin cancer or family history of melanoma as compared with nonaffected adolescents (8% vs 9% vs 10%). Sunscreen use among offspring of mothers with skin cancer was higher than among those whose mothers had a family history of melanoma or mothers with no personal history of skin cancer (42% vs 33% vs 34%). Tan-promoting attitudes were also similar across all groups. Only 25% thought that a natural skin color was most attractive, and on average, 25% in each group agreed that it was worth burning to get a tan. Children of mothers who had received a diagnosis > 2 years in the past were less likely to use sunscreen, more likely to Sunburn, and more likely to use tanning beds than children of mothers with a more recent diagnosis, although the results did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION Frequent Sunburns, suboptimal sunscreen use, and high rates of tanning bed use are commonplace even among the children of health professionals who are at risk for developing skin cancer themselves as a result of personal or family history. With new information on family risk, pediatricians can use the potential of a teachable moment to ensure optimal sun protection for children who are at risk.
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use of sunscreen Sunburning rates and tanning bed use among more than 10 000 us children and adolescents
Pediatrics, 2002Co-Authors: Alan C. Geller, Susan A Oliveria, Cynthia M Jorgensen, Gideon N Aweh, Graham A Colditz, Karen M Emmons, Lindsay A FrazierAbstract:Objectives. To describe the association of sunscreen use, Sunburning, and tanning bed use by age, sex, residence, and psychosocial variables associated with tan-seeking behaviors, and to compare these findings with sun protection recommendations from federal agencies and cancer organizations. Methods. A cross-sectional study, from all 50 states, of 10 079 boys and girls 12 to 18 years of age in 1999. Data were collected from self-report questionnaires with the children of the participants from the Nurses Health Study (Growing Up Today Study). Results. The prevalence of sunscreen use was 34.4% with girls more likely to use sunscreen than boys (40.0 vs 26.4, odds ratio: 1.86; 95% confidence interval: 1.70–2.03). Eighty-three percent of respondents had at least 1 Sunburn during the previous summer, and 36% had 3 or more Sunburns. Nearly 10% of respondents used a tanning bed during the previous year. Girls were far more likely than boys to report tanning bed use (14.4 vs 2.4), and older girls (ages 15–18) were far more likely than younger girls (ages 12–14) to report tanning bed use (24.6% vs 4.7). Tanning bed use increased from 7% among 14-year-old girls to 16% by age 15, and more than doubled again by age 17 (35%; N = 244). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that attitudes associated with tanning, such as the preference for tanned skin, having many friends who were tanned, and belief in the worth of burning to get a tan, were generally associated with sporadic sunscreen use, more frequent Sunburns, and increased use of tanning beds. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that many children are at subsequent risk of skin cancer because of suboptimal sunscreen use, high rates of Sunburning, and tanning bed use. Recommendations in the United States for improved sun protection and avoidance of tanning beds and Sunburning, which began in the early 1990s, have been primarily unheeded. Nationally coordinated campaigns with strong policy components must be developed and sustained to prevent skin cancer in a new generation of children and adolescents.
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risk factors for basal cell carcinoma of the skin in men results from the health professionals follow up study
American Journal of Epidemiology, 1999Co-Authors: Rob M Van Dam, Graham A Colditz, Martin A Weinstock, Zhiping Huang, Eric B Rimm, Donna Spiegelman, Walter C WiflettAbstract:The authors examined the relation of constitutional factors and sun exposure to risk of basal cell carcinoma of the skin (BCC) in a prospective cohort of 44,591 predominantly Caucasian US male health professionals, 40-75 years of age and free of cancer at enrollment in 1986. During 8 years of follow-up, 3,273 cases of self-reported BCC were documented. The following variables were each associated with an elevated risk of BCC: having red hair; green, hazel, or blue eyes; a tendency to Sunburn; and north European ancestry. The lifetime number of blistering Sunburns was also positively associated with BCC risk (p trend < 0.0001). Compared with men who as teenagers had been outside less than once a week, men who had been outside weekly (relative risk (RR) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14, 1.47) and daily (RR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.63) had an elevated risk of BCC. Living in a region of residence with high solar radiation as an adult was also associated with an increased risk of BCC (RR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.60), whereas living in such a region only in childhood did not increase BCC risk. These results confirm the role of constitutional factors and suggest that adult sun exposure increases BCC risk.
