The Experts below are selected from a list of 48711 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Erin O’callaghan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reasons for and Experiences of Sexual Assault Nondisclosure in a Diverse Community Sample
Journal of Family Violence, 2020Co-Authors: Sarah E. Ullman, Erin O’callaghan, Veronica Shepp, Casey HarrisAbstract:After a sexual assault (SA), victims often disclose their SA to an informal Support Provider (SP) to receive social Support; however, many survivors do not disclose or wait months or years to tell anyone. While research exists on disclosure, social reactions of informal SPs to disclosure, and how those reactions affect the victim both positively and negatively, little research exists on reasons for and impact of adult SA survivors’ nondisclosure to informal social network members. This qualitative interview study examined 42 ethnically diverse women who had disclosed SA to an informal SP (e.g., friend, family, significant other). For this study, nondisclosure of SA mentioned by survivors was examined. Various reasons for not telling people in their lives and/or delaying doing so were uncovered including fear of negative social reactions, lack of perceived available Support and fear of burdening others, family and social norms expectations, and anticipated problematic gendered responses by both men (e.g., violence) and women (e.g., overwhelmed) SPs. Implications for future SA disclosure research and Supporting survivors in their choice to selectively/not disclose are discussed.
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Navigating Sex and Sexuality After Sexual Assault: A Qualitative Study of Survivors and Informal Support Providers.
Journal of sex research, 2018Co-Authors: Erin O’callaghan, Sarah E. Ullman, Veronica Shepp, Anne KirknerAbstract:Qualitative interview data from 45 matched pairs of survivors disclosing sexual assaults and their primary informal Support Providers (e.g., friend, family member, significant other) were used to explore survivor and Support Provider perspectives on changes in sexuality postassault and how those close to them have been affected as a result. Changes in sexuality included loss of interest in sex, increase or change in sexual partners, engaging in sex work, and increased sexual behavior. Support Providers generally regarded promiscuity as a risky sexual behavior. If the Support Provider was the survivor's sexual partner, he or she discussed exercising caution when navigating sexual intimacy with the survivor. Not all sexual encounters with romantic partners were positive; some survivors discussed being triggered (i.e., with post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] flashbacks) or experiencing the dissolution of their relationships due to the sexual impacts of their assault. Counseling implications are discussed in the context of improving survivors' sexual experiences in general and in romantic relationships postassault. Implications can also be applied to prevention, scholarship on sex work, and sexuality research.
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Risk Avoidance Strategies after Sexual Assault: A Dyadic Study of Survivors and Informal Support Providers
Victims & Offenders, 2018Co-Authors: Sarah E. Ullman, Katherine Lorenz, Erin O’callaghanAbstract:Interview data from 45 matched pairs of survivors disclosing sexual assaults and their primary informal Support Provider (friend, family, significant other) were used to explore survivor-Support Provider perspectives on self-protective behaviors survivors and those close to them take to protect themselves from future assaults. Strategies for reducing risk taken by survivors included behavioral changes, security measures, self-defense strategies, avoiding alcohol/drugs, and protecting others. Support Providers play critical roles by encouraging survivors to pursue risk avoidance strategies, and employing these strategies themselves. Counseling and prevention implications are drawn in the context of risks facing survivors trying to avoid further sexual victimization.
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Postassault Substance Use and Coping: A Qualitative Study of Sexual Assault Survivors and Informal Support Providers.
Alcoholism treatment quarterly, 2018Co-Authors: Sarah E. Ullman, Katherine Lorenz, Anne Kirkner, Erin O’callaghanAbstract:ABSTRACTThis qualitative interview study examined 45 informal Support dyads where a sexual assault was disclosed. Data from matched pairs of survivors and their primary informal Support Provider (e.g., friend, family, significant other) were used to explore the survivor–Support Provider (SP) perspectives of coping with assault-related distress via substance use and the effects of survivor substance use on the survivor-SP relationship. Results revealed that survivors’ use of drinking and/or drugs to cope had positive and negative effects on survivor-SP relationships. Findings also showed that SPs play various roles in providing Support to survivors who cope via substance use, including engaging in substance use with the survivor and efforts to help get help in their recovery from the assault and substance abuse. Suggestions are made for how safe spaces can be provided where survivors and Supporters can get information and treatment, whether formal or informal, that addresses sexual assault, posttraumatic s...
Sarah E. Ullman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reasons for and Experiences of Sexual Assault Nondisclosure in a Diverse Community Sample
Journal of Family Violence, 2020Co-Authors: Sarah E. Ullman, Erin O’callaghan, Veronica Shepp, Casey HarrisAbstract:After a sexual assault (SA), victims often disclose their SA to an informal Support Provider (SP) to receive social Support; however, many survivors do not disclose or wait months or years to tell anyone. While research exists on disclosure, social reactions of informal SPs to disclosure, and how those reactions affect the victim both positively and negatively, little research exists on reasons for and impact of adult SA survivors’ nondisclosure to informal social network members. This qualitative interview study examined 42 ethnically diverse women who had disclosed SA to an informal SP (e.g., friend, family, significant other). For this study, nondisclosure of SA mentioned by survivors was examined. Various reasons for not telling people in their lives and/or delaying doing so were uncovered including fear of negative social reactions, lack of perceived available Support and fear of burdening others, family and social norms expectations, and anticipated problematic gendered responses by both men (e.g., violence) and women (e.g., overwhelmed) SPs. Implications for future SA disclosure research and Supporting survivors in their choice to selectively/not disclose are discussed.
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Navigating Sex and Sexuality After Sexual Assault: A Qualitative Study of Survivors and Informal Support Providers.
Journal of sex research, 2018Co-Authors: Erin O’callaghan, Sarah E. Ullman, Veronica Shepp, Anne KirknerAbstract:Qualitative interview data from 45 matched pairs of survivors disclosing sexual assaults and their primary informal Support Providers (e.g., friend, family member, significant other) were used to explore survivor and Support Provider perspectives on changes in sexuality postassault and how those close to them have been affected as a result. Changes in sexuality included loss of interest in sex, increase or change in sexual partners, engaging in sex work, and increased sexual behavior. Support Providers generally regarded promiscuity as a risky sexual behavior. If the Support Provider was the survivor's sexual partner, he or she discussed exercising caution when navigating sexual intimacy with the survivor. Not all sexual encounters with romantic partners were positive; some survivors discussed being triggered (i.e., with post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] flashbacks) or experiencing the dissolution of their relationships due to the sexual impacts of their assault. Counseling implications are discussed in the context of improving survivors' sexual experiences in general and in romantic relationships postassault. Implications can also be applied to prevention, scholarship on sex work, and sexuality research.
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Risk Avoidance Strategies after Sexual Assault: A Dyadic Study of Survivors and Informal Support Providers
Victims & Offenders, 2018Co-Authors: Sarah E. Ullman, Katherine Lorenz, Erin O’callaghanAbstract:Interview data from 45 matched pairs of survivors disclosing sexual assaults and their primary informal Support Provider (friend, family, significant other) were used to explore survivor-Support Provider perspectives on self-protective behaviors survivors and those close to them take to protect themselves from future assaults. Strategies for reducing risk taken by survivors included behavioral changes, security measures, self-defense strategies, avoiding alcohol/drugs, and protecting others. Support Providers play critical roles by encouraging survivors to pursue risk avoidance strategies, and employing these strategies themselves. Counseling and prevention implications are drawn in the context of risks facing survivors trying to avoid further sexual victimization.
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Postassault Substance Use and Coping: A Qualitative Study of Sexual Assault Survivors and Informal Support Providers.
Alcoholism treatment quarterly, 2018Co-Authors: Sarah E. Ullman, Katherine Lorenz, Anne Kirkner, Erin O’callaghanAbstract:ABSTRACTThis qualitative interview study examined 45 informal Support dyads where a sexual assault was disclosed. Data from matched pairs of survivors and their primary informal Support Provider (e.g., friend, family, significant other) were used to explore the survivor–Support Provider (SP) perspectives of coping with assault-related distress via substance use and the effects of survivor substance use on the survivor-SP relationship. Results revealed that survivors’ use of drinking and/or drugs to cope had positive and negative effects on survivor-SP relationships. Findings also showed that SPs play various roles in providing Support to survivors who cope via substance use, including engaging in substance use with the survivor and efforts to help get help in their recovery from the assault and substance abuse. Suggestions are made for how safe spaces can be provided where survivors and Supporters can get information and treatment, whether formal or informal, that addresses sexual assault, posttraumatic s...
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Do Social Reactions to Sexual Assault Victims Vary by Support Provider
Violence and victims, 1996Co-Authors: Sarah E. UllmanAbstract:The present study investigated whether the type of social reaction(s) experienced by sexual assault victims varies according to the type of social Support Provider told about the assault in a convenience sample of victims (N = 155) completing a mail survey. Both closed-ended data and open-ended written responses were analyzed to determine the types of social reactions victims experienced from a variety of informal and formal Support Providers. Tangible aid/information Support was reported more often from women disclosing to rape crisis centers, police, and physicians, whereas emotional Support/validation was commonly reported by those telling rape crisis centers. Being blamed, treated differently, distracted, and discouraged from talking about the assault were more common responses for women telling physicians or police. Analyses exploring whether the impact of social reactions on victim adjustment varied according to Support Provider type showed that, as hypothesized, emotional Support from friends was related to better recovery than emotional Support from other Support sources. However, contrary to expectation, the impact of victim blame on adjustment did not vary according to type of Support Provider. Implications for research on social Support and clinical treatment of sexual assault victims are discussed. Language: en
Heather L. Gainforth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Informing behavioural interventions for family Support Providers of people with spinal cord injury: A scoping review
2019Co-Authors: Rhyann C Mckay, Kelsey R Wuerstl, Shelia Casemore, Teren Y Clarke, Christopher B. Mcbride, Heather L. GainforthAbstract:Introduction: Being a family Support Provider to someone with an SCI may negatively impact one's ability to engage in a range of health-promoting behaviours such as physical activity, self-care, or socializing. However, few interventions exist to promote health-promoting behaviours in this population. Objective: To conduct a scoping review to identify the components necessary to develop behavioural interventions for family Support Providers from peer-reviewed literature using the behaviour change wheel (BCW). Methods: Electronic databases were searched in May 2017 and articles relating to family Support Providers of people with SCI were identified. Necessary data for intervention development outlined by the BCW were extracted from these articles, including behaviours, behavioural determinants, intervention content, and evaluation methods. Results: Data was extracted from 59 articles. The most commonly identified behaviours included engaging in leisure time/daily activities (e.g., physical activity, self-care), problem-solving, and providing Support. Individuals' physical and social environments most often influenced these behaviours. Barriers varied between behaviours and contexts. Only six interventions were identified, none were based on behaviour change theory, and all were based on the technique of problem-solving. Conclusion: This scoping review was the first to review the SCI family Support Provider literature through a behaviour change theory lens. The results of this study suggest that a promising intervention approach may be to use a theory which promotes change in Support Providers' contexts while encouraging behavioural strategies to overcome individual barriers. Future research should consider a theory-based approach to intervention design to examine additional intervention methods which may be effective.
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Guidance for behavioural interventions aiming to Support family Support Providers of people with spinal cord injury: A scoping review.
Social science & medicine (1982), 2019Co-Authors: Rhyann C Mckay, Kelsey R Wuerstl, Shelia Casemore, Teren Y Clarke, Christopher B. Mcbride, Heather L. GainforthAbstract:Abstract Rationale Research has extensively examined the adverse outcomes of being family Support Provider also known as a family caregiver, of someone with spinal cord injury (SCI) such as psychological distress, poor health, and burden. Despite clear evidence of the negative impact of this social role, few interventions exist aiming to Support family Support Providers of people with SCI. Objective This scoping review aimed to guide future intervention development by identifying the components necessary to develop an intervention to Support SCI family Support Providers using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW). Methods Electronic databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline, Embase) were searched in May 2017. Articles relating to outcomes and/or behaviours of Support Providers of people with SCI were identified. Intervention components of the BCW, including behaviours, factors influencing behaviours, intervention content, and evaluation methods, were extracted from included articles. Results Of the 59 included articles, most emphasized the outcomes of being a Support Provider but provided little evidence of behaviours, which may influence such outcomes. The most commonly identified behaviours included engaging in leisure time or daily activities, problem-solving, and providing Support. Very few measures were used to measure engagement in behaviours objectively. The literature suggests that behaviours are often influenced by family Support Providers' physical and social environments. However, barriers may vary between behaviours and contexts. Conclusion The results of this review show that there are many viable behavioural targets for intervention. Therefore, intervention efforts may need to be tailored to individuals' needs. A promising intervention approach may be to use a theory which promotes change in the ecological context of family Support Providers while encouraging behavioural strategies to overcome individual barriers. Future research should further examine the factors that influence specific behaviours to more comprehensively understand the context of the behaviour as well as effective intervention strategies to promote change.
Kathryn A. Boschen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experiential Outcomes of the SCI Support Provider Role
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 2009Co-Authors: Kathryn A. Boschen, Judith GargaroAbstract:This article presents the qualitative results of a 2-year mixed methodology study (quantitative and qualitative) examining the personal impact of being a Support Provider (SP) to a person living in the community with a spinal cord injury (SCI). A subsample of 46 out of the original 100 SPs from the quantitative phase participated in qualitative focus groups to further explore the personal impact of being an SP. The findings indicate that Supporting a person with an SCI brings about a significant life change that requires ongoing adjustment, the degree and duration of which is dependent on individual circumstances. The respondents felt underserved and unprepared both emotionally and cognitively for their new unanticipated role. During the focus groups, many suggestions were made for how SPs could be better prepared for their roles. The ways in which research can be used to change practice are discussed.
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Community Integration and Quality of Life Comparisons Among Spinal Cord Injured, Support Provider, and Comparative Samples
Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 2005Co-Authors: Kathryn A. Boschen, Judith Gargaro, Mark TonackAbstract:This large cross-sectional survey study compared the community integration and quality of life of Support Providers (n = 100) with those of individuals with a spinal cord injury (n = 100) as well as those of a non-SCI, non-Support-Provider sample from the general population (n = 102). Variables quantitatively examined were locus of control, environmental facilitators and barriers, productivity status, community integration, and quality of life. ANOVA and regression analysis confirmed the research hypotheses that Support Providers would have higher scores on the study variables than persons with SCI but would have lower scores than the comparative sample, demonstrating the impact of this role on the individual.
Anne Kirkner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Navigating Sex and Sexuality After Sexual Assault: A Qualitative Study of Survivors and Informal Support Providers.
Journal of sex research, 2018Co-Authors: Erin O’callaghan, Sarah E. Ullman, Veronica Shepp, Anne KirknerAbstract:Qualitative interview data from 45 matched pairs of survivors disclosing sexual assaults and their primary informal Support Providers (e.g., friend, family member, significant other) were used to explore survivor and Support Provider perspectives on changes in sexuality postassault and how those close to them have been affected as a result. Changes in sexuality included loss of interest in sex, increase or change in sexual partners, engaging in sex work, and increased sexual behavior. Support Providers generally regarded promiscuity as a risky sexual behavior. If the Support Provider was the survivor's sexual partner, he or she discussed exercising caution when navigating sexual intimacy with the survivor. Not all sexual encounters with romantic partners were positive; some survivors discussed being triggered (i.e., with post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] flashbacks) or experiencing the dissolution of their relationships due to the sexual impacts of their assault. Counseling implications are discussed in the context of improving survivors' sexual experiences in general and in romantic relationships postassault. Implications can also be applied to prevention, scholarship on sex work, and sexuality research.
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Postassault Substance Use and Coping: A Qualitative Study of Sexual Assault Survivors and Informal Support Providers.
Alcoholism treatment quarterly, 2018Co-Authors: Sarah E. Ullman, Katherine Lorenz, Anne Kirkner, Erin O’callaghanAbstract:ABSTRACTThis qualitative interview study examined 45 informal Support dyads where a sexual assault was disclosed. Data from matched pairs of survivors and their primary informal Support Provider (e.g., friend, family, significant other) were used to explore the survivor–Support Provider (SP) perspectives of coping with assault-related distress via substance use and the effects of survivor substance use on the survivor-SP relationship. Results revealed that survivors’ use of drinking and/or drugs to cope had positive and negative effects on survivor-SP relationships. Findings also showed that SPs play various roles in providing Support to survivors who cope via substance use, including engaging in substance use with the survivor and efforts to help get help in their recovery from the assault and substance abuse. Suggestions are made for how safe spaces can be provided where survivors and Supporters can get information and treatment, whether formal or informal, that addresses sexual assault, posttraumatic s...