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Peláez Salvador, Juan Alexander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Diseño de un sistema de video vigilancia IP para la Corte Superior de Justicia - La Libertad
    Universidad Privada del Norte, 2014
    Co-Authors: Peláez Salvador, Juan Alexander
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT We conducted a technical study for the Superior Court of Justice - Freedom, aimed at designing a system of IP Video Surveillance, which is a visual Surveillance technology that combines the benefits of traditional analog CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) with advantages of digital communication networks, IP (Internet Protocol), which allows local monitoring and / or remote images, and audio and digital treatment of images. There is a wide range of cameras with different features to suit all needs and budgets. Both, Analysis and Design of the network were developed by adopting the methodology proposed by CISCO TOP DOWN, which is divided in stages. The objective is to design an IP video Surveillance system, which allows the monitoring and controlling all personnel in order to reduce losses of assets. 1. Designing an IP Video Surveillance system for continuous monitoring of the data sent by the IP camera. 2. Designing the logical and physical network of IP Video Surveillance. 3. Proposal of a training plan of personnel involved in handling of IP video Surveillance Equipment. Below is a summary of all the chapters of this present thesis project: Chapter I: Research plan will focus on the current problem situation Superior Court of Justice - the Liberty, which is the loss of assets and judicial case files the problem is formulated, then the hypothesis and finally identify the main objectives. Chapter II: Theoretical Framework, all information is captured under Title of this thesis project, taking into account the most important in terms sought by the Thesist research, such as What is IP Video Surveillance?, How many types IP Cameras models exist, What model should I use? and How much bandwidth is consumed?. Chapter III: Stating the hypothesis, identify the independent and dependent variables, then it can form a table operationalization of the variables, the description of the indicators with their respective formula and operability. Chapter IV: Institutional Framework, focusing on business description, business address, business organization, geographic map and the functional areas that comprise the CSJLL, that content is information, study, analysis of this thesis project. Chapter V: It will focus primarily on the development of the proposed Technical Methodology, the methodology of Network Design TOP DOWN - 3rd Edition, so whats divided into 4 phases: - Product Design - Phase I: Identifying customer needs and objectives, this phase begins with the identification of business goals and technical requirements - Phase II: Logical Network Design The network designer develops a network topology, depending on the size of the network characteristics and traffic, the topology can vary from simple to complex, requiring the hierarchy and modularity. The network designer also designs a model of network layer routing and switching and selecting routing protocols. The most relevant in this phase are: - Interconnection Campus Design - Sizing of the link capacity - Traffic - Bandwidth required for links - Phase III: Physical Network Design WAN, it is the selection of technologies and devices for campus networks, including wired switches, Ethernet, wireless access points, wireless bridges and routers. - Phase IV: WAN design, the final steps in the design of the top-down network, implement a test plan, build a prototype pilot, optimize network design, and document their work with a proposal network design. - Proposal Development It will focus on the development of the present Thesis, applying the four phases of the TOP DOWN, by a respective network analysis, how will the bandwidth consumption of the IP cameras on the Samsung brand?, And design the physical and logical network, IP routing, horizontal and vertical wiring, and the methodology used for the design of architecture, writing software NET-i ware and wEB NET-i Viewer, protocols to use, among others. Chapter VI: Materials and methods, the type of research (Purpose and research), and research design (population and sample) and finally the techniquesprocedures and instruments to use (student t-test and Z) Chapter VII: Are the results obtained in the matching are statistical tests for each quantitative and qualitative indicator. The two statistical tests to be applied are T-student and Z. Chapter VIII: It focuses mainly on the Discussion of Results, making the respective analysis with each of the indicators, both quantitative and qualitative raising them, displaying them in tables and graphs respectively. And finally the final conclusions of this thesis project mentioned, highlighting the most important because using the Video IP Surveillance and future that will be obtained?, Who will?. Recommendations for Thesis’s proposal, which would be the most recommended items according to whether it is understandable for the user to apply the Peruvian IP Video Surveillance System for the Superior Court of Justice - the Liberty. The bibliographical sources that are a list of websites visited by the Thesis, putting the day I visited, the web address, adding the topic, Books, Theses, Electronic addresses. The glossary of terms, selecting new words throughout this thesis, listing their meaning writing. The Annexes: logical planes IP video Surveillance network, network wiring of the 4 floors, plus physical figures and roof wiring, Economic Feasibility, installing the “well grounded” and technical specifications of each IP camera, among others.TesisSe realizó un estudio técnico para la Corte Superior de Justicia - La Libertad, orientado a diseñar un sistema de Video Vigilancia IP, lo cual es una tecnología de vigilancia visual que combina los beneficios analógicos de los tradicionales CCTV (Circuito Cerrado de Televisión) con las ventajas digitales de las redes de comunicación IP (Internet Protocol), lo cual permite la supervisión local y/o remota de imágenes y audio así como el tratamiento digital de las imágenes. Existe una gama muy amplia de cámaras con diferentes funcionalidades para satisfacer todas las necesidades y presupuestos. Tanto el análisis y diseño de la red se han desarrollado adoptando la metodología propuesta por CISCO TOP DOWN, que se divide en etapas: El objetivo es diseñar un sistema de Video Vigilancia IP, el cuál permita vigilar y controlar a todo el personal para así poder disminuir las pérdidas de los activos. 1. Diseñar un sistema de Video Vigilancia IP para una supervisión continua de los datos enviados por la cámara IP. 2. Diseñar la red lógica y física de la Video Vigilancia IP. 3. Propuesta de un plan de capacitación de personal involucrado en el manejo de los equipos de video vigilancia IP. A continuación presentamos un resumen de todos los capítulos de este presente Proyecto de Tesis: Capítulo I: El plan de Investigación, se enfocará en la situación problemática actual de la Corte Superior de Justicia de la Libertad, que es la pérdida de activos y de expedientes judiciales, se formulará el problema, luego la hipótesis y por último se identificará los objetivos principales. Capítulo II: Marco Teórico, es toda la información capturada de acuerdo al Título del presente Proyecto de Tesis, tomando en cuenta los puntos más importantes en cuanto a la investigación buscada por el Tesista, como por ejemplo ¿Qué es la Video vigilancia IP?, ¿cuantos tipos de modelos de Cámaras IP existen?, ¿Qué modelo debo usar? y ¿Cuánto de ancho de banda se consumirá?. Capítulo III: Planteamiento de la hipótesis, identificamos las variables independientes e dependientes, luego lo plasmamos a una tabla la operacionalización de las variables, la descripción de los indicadores con su respectiva fórmula y operatividad. Capítulo IV: Marco Institucional, enfocándose en la descripción de la empresa, dirección empresarial, organización empresarial, mapa geográfico y las áreas funcionales que la conforman en la CSJLL, dicho contenido es la información, estudio, análisis del presente proyecto de tesis. Capítulo V: Se enfocará principalmente en el desarrollo de la propuesta Técnico Metodológica, la metodología del Diseño de redes TOP DOWN - 3ra Edición, lo cuál está dividida en 4 Fases: - Diseño del producto - Fase I: Identificación de las necesidades de los clientes y objetivos, esta fase comienza con la identificación de los objetivos de negocio y de sus requerimientos técnicos.- Fase II: Diseño de la Red Lógica, el diseñador de la red desarrolla una topología de red, dependiendo del tamaño de las características de la red y del tráfico, la topología puede variar desde simples a complejos, requiriendo la jerarquía y modularidad. El diseñador de la red también diseña un modelo de capa de direccionamiento de red y selecciona la conmutación y los protocolos de enrutamiento. Los puntos más relevantes en esta fase son: - Diseño de la Interconexión de los campus - Dimensionamiento de la capacidad de los enlaces - Tráfico - Ancho de banda requerido para los enlaces - Fase III: Diseño de la Red Física WAN, se hace la selección de las tecnologías y dispositivos para redes de campus, incluyendo interruptores de cableado, Ethernet, puntos de accesos inalámbricos, puentes inalámbricos y routers. - Fase IV: Diseño de la red WAN, los pasos finales en el diseño de la red Top Down, poner en práctica un plan de pruebas, construir un prototipo piloto, optimizar el diseño de la red, y documentar su trabajo con una propuesta de diseño de la red. - Desarrollo de la Propuesta Se enfocará en el Desarrollo de la presente Tesis, aplicando las 4 fases de la red TOP DOWN, haciendo un respectivo análisis de la red, ¿cuánto será el consumo de ancho de banda de las cámaras IP en la marca Samsung?, además diseñaremos la red física y lógico, el direccionamiento IP, el cableado horizontal y vertical, y de la metodología utilizada para el diseño de la arquitectura, el software de grabación NET-i ware y NET-i WEB Viewer, los protocolos a usar, entre otros. Capítulo VI: Materiales y métodos, el tipo de investigación (Propósito y investigación), además del diseño de la investigación (Población y muestra) y finalmente de las técnicas, procedimientos e instrumentos a usar (Prueba T student y Z). Capítulo VII: Son los Resultados obtenidos en la contrastación, son las pruebas estadísticas por cada indicador cuantitativo y cualitativo. Las dos pruebas estadísticas a aplicar son T-student y Z. Capítulo VIII: Se enfoca principalmente en la Discusión de los Resultados, haciendo el respectivo análisis con cada uno de los indicadores tanto cuantitativo y cualitativo planteándolos, mostrándolos en tablas y gráficos respectivamente. Y finalmente las conclusiones finales del presente Proyecto de Tesis mencionado, destacando lo más importante del porque usar la Video vigilancia IP y a futuro que se obtendrá?, que pasará?. Las recomendaciones para está propuesta de Tesis, que puntos serian lo más recomendable teniendo en cuenta si es entendible para el usuario peruano al aplicar dicho Sistema de Video Vigilancia IP para la Corte Superior de Justicia - La Libertad. Las fuentes bibliográficas, que son una lista de las páginas web visitadas por el Tesista, poniendo el día que lo visitó, la dirección web, agregando el tema, Libros o Tesis, Direcciones electrónicas. El glosario de términos, seleccionando las palabras nuevas de toda la presente Tesis, haciendo una lista escribiendo su significado. Los anexos, planos lógicos de la red video vigilancia IP, cableado de la red de los 4 pisos, además de las figuras físicas y del cableado de la Azotea, la Factibilidad Económica, la instalación del “pozo a tierra” y de las especificaciones técnicas de cada cámara IP, entre otros

  • Diseño de un sistema de Video Vigilancia IP para la Corte Superior de Justicia - La Libertad
    Universidad Privada del Norte, 2013
    Co-Authors: Peláez Salvador, Juan Alexander
    Abstract:

    RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio técnico para la Corte Superior de Justicia - La Libertad, orientado a diseñar un sistema de Video Vigilancia IP, lo cual es una tecnología de vigilancia visual que combina los beneficios analógicos de los tradicionales CCTV (Circuito Cerrado de Televisión) con las ventajas digitales de las redes de comunicación IP (Internet Protocol), lo cual permite la supervisión local y/o remota de imágenes y audio así como el tratamiento digital de las imágenes. Existe una gama muy amplia de cámaras con diferentes funcionalidades para satisfacer todas las necesidades y presupuestos. Tanto el análisis y diseño de la red se han desarrollado adoptando la metodología propuesta por CISCO TOP DOWN, que se divide en etapas: El objetivo es diseñar un sistema de Video Vigilancia IP, el cuál permita vigilar y controlar a todo el personal para así poder disminuir las pérdidas de los activos. 1. Diseñar un sistema de Video Vigilancia IP para una supervisión continua de los datos enviados por la cámara IP. 2. Diseñar la red lógica y física de la Video Vigilancia IP. 3. Propuesta de un plan de capacitación de personal involucrado en el manejo de los equipos de video vigilancia IP. A continuación presentamos un resumen de todos los capítulos de este presente Proyecto de Tesis: Capítulo I: El plan de Investigación, se enfocará en la situación problemática actual de la Corte Superior de Justicia de la Libertad, que es la pérdida de activos y de expedientes judiciales, se formulará el problema, luego la hipótesis y por último se identificará los objetivos principales. Capítulo II: Marco Teórico, es toda la información capturada de acuerdo al Título del presente Proyecto de Tesis, tomando en cuenta los puntos más importantes en cuanto a la investigación buscada por el Tesista, como por ejemplo ¿Qué es la Video vigilancia IP?, ¿cuantos tipos de modelos de Cámaras IP existen?, ¿Qué modelo debo usar? y ¿Cuánto de ancho de banda se consumirá?. Capítulo III: Planteamiento de la hipótesis, identificamos las variables independientes e dependientes, luego lo plasmamos a una tabla la operacionalización de las variables, la descripción de los indicadores con su respectiva fórmula y operatividad. Capítulo IV: Marco Institucional, enfocándose en la descripción de la empresa, dirección empresarial, organización empresarial, mapa geográfico y las áreas funcionales que la conforman en la CSJLL, dicho contenido es la información, estudio, análisis del presente proyecto de tesis. Capítulo V: Se enfocará principalmente en el desarrollo de la propuesta Técnico Metodológica, la metodología del Diseño de redes TOP DOWN - 3ra Edición, lo cuál está dividida en 4 Fases: - Diseño del producto - Fase I: Identificación de las necesidades de los clientes y objetivos, esta fase comienza con la identificación de los objetivos de negocio y de sus requerimientos técnicos.- Fase II: Diseño de la Red Lógica, el diseñador de la red desarrolla una topología de red, dependiendo del tamaño de las características de la red y del tráfico, la topología puede variar desde simples a complejos, requiriendo la jerarquía y modularidad. El diseñador de la red también diseña un modelo de capa de direccionamiento de red y selecciona la conmutación y los protocolos de enrutamiento. Los puntos más relevantes en esta fase son: - Diseño de la Interconexión de los campus - Dimensionamiento de la capacidad de los enlaces - Tráfico - Ancho de banda requerido para los enlaces - Fase III: Diseño de la Red Física WAN, se hace la selección de las tecnologías y dispositivos para redes de campus, incluyendo interruptores de cableado, Ethernet, puntos de accesos inalámbricos, puentes inalámbricos y routers. - Fase IV: Diseño de la red WAN, los pasos finales en el diseño de la red Top Down, poner en práctica un plan de pruebas, construir un prototipo piloto, optimizar el diseño de la red, y documentar su trabajo con una propuesta de diseño de la red. - Desarrollo de la Propuesta Se enfocará en el Desarrollo de la presente Tesis, aplicando las 4 fases de la red TOP DOWN, haciendo un respectivo análisis de la red, ¿cuánto será el consumo de ancho de banda de las cámaras IP en la marca Samsung?, además diseñaremos la red física y lógico, el direccionamiento IP, el cableado horizontal y vertical, y de la metodología utilizada para el diseño de la arquitectura, el software de grabación NET-i ware y NET-i WEB Viewer, los protocolos a usar, entre otros. Capítulo VI: Materiales y métodos, el tipo de investigación (Propósito y investigación), además del diseño de la investigación (Población y muestra) y finalmente de las técnicas, procedimientos e instrumentos a usar (Prueba T student y Z). Capítulo VII: Son los Resultados obtenidos en la contrastación, son las pruebas estadísticas por cada indicador cuantitativo y cualitativo. Las dos pruebas estadísticas a aplicar son T-student y Z. Capítulo VIII: Se enfoca principalmente en la Discusión de los Resultados, haciendo el respectivo análisis con cada uno de los indicadores tanto cuantitativo y cualitativo planteándolos, mostrándolos en tablas y gráficos respectivamente. Y finalmente las conclusiones finales del presente Proyecto de Tesis mencionado, destacando lo más importante del porque usar la Video vigilancia IP y a futuro que se obtendrá?, que pasará?. Las recomendaciones para está propuesta de Tesis, que puntos serian lo más recomendable teniendo en cuenta si es entendible para el usuario peruano al aplicar dicho Sistema de Video Vigilancia IP para la Corte Superior de Justicia - La Libertad. Las fuentes bibliográficas, que son una lista de las páginas web visitadas por el Tesista, poniendo el día que lo visitó, la dirección web, agregando el tema, Libros o Tesis, Direcciones electrónicas. El glosario de términos, seleccionando las palabras nuevas de toda la presente Tesis, haciendo una lista escribiendo su significado. Los anexos, planos lógicos de la red video vigilancia IP, cableado de la red de los 4 pisos, además de las figuras físicas y del cableado de la Azotea, la Factibilidad Económica, la instalación del “pozo a tierra” y de las especificaciones técnicas de cada cámara IP, entre otros.ABSTRACT We conducted a technical study for the Superior Court of Justice - Freedom, aimed at designing a system of IP Video Surveillance, which is a visual Surveillance technology that combines the benefits of traditional analog CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) with advantages of digital communication networks, IP (Internet Protocol), which allows local monitoring and / or remote images, and audio and digital treatment of images. There is a wide range of cameras with different features to suit all needs and budgets. Both, Analysis and Design of the network were developed by adopting the methodology proposed by CISCO TOP DOWN, which is divided in stages. The objective is to design an IP video Surveillance system, which allows the monitoring and controlling all personnel in order to reduce losses of assets. 1. Designing an IP Video Surveillance system for continuous monitoring of the data sent by the IP camera. 2. Designing the logical and physical network of IP Video Surveillance. 3. Proposal of a training plan of personnel involved in handling of IP video Surveillance Equipment. Below is a summary of all the chapters of this present thesis project: Chapter I: Research plan will focus on the current problem situation Superior Court of Justice - the Liberty, which is the loss of assets and judicial case files the problem is formulated, then the hypothesis and finally identify the main objectives. Chapter II: Theoretical Framework, all information is captured under Title of this thesis project, taking into account the most important in terms sought by the Thesist research, such as What is IP Video Surveillance?, How many types IP Cameras models exist, What model should I use? and How much bandwidth is consumed?. Chapter III: Stating the hypothesis, identify the independent and dependent variables, then it can form a table operationalization of the variables, the description of the indicators with their respective formula and operability. Chapter IV: Institutional Framework, focusing on business description, business address, business organization, geographic map and the functional areas that comprise the CSJLL, that content is information, study, analysis of this thesis project. Chapter V: It will focus primarily on the development of the proposed Technical Methodology, the methodology of Network Design TOP DOWN - 3rd Edition, so whats divided into 4 phases: - Product Design - Phase I: Identifying customer needs and objectives, this phase begins with the identification of business goals and technical requirements - Phase II: Logical Network Design The network designer develops a network topology, depending on the size of the network characteristics and traffic, the topology can vary from simple to complex, requiring the hierarchy and modularity. The network designer also designs a model of network layer routing and switching and selecting routing protocols. The most relevant in this phase are: - Interconnection Campus Design - Sizing of the link capacity - Traffic - Bandwidth required for links - Phase III: Physical Network Design WAN, it is the selection of technologies and devices for campus networks, including wired switches, Ethernet, wireless access points, wireless bridges and routers. - Phase IV: WAN design, the final steps in the design of the top-down network, implement a test plan, build a prototype pilot, optimize network design, and document their work with a proposal network design. - Proposal Development It will focus on the development of the present Thesis, applying the four phases of the TOP DOWN, by a respective network analysis, how will the bandwidth consumption of the IP cameras on the Samsung brand?, And design the physical and logical network, IP routing, horizontal and vertical wiring, and the methodology used for the design of architecture, writing software NET-i ware and wEB NET-i Viewer, protocols to use, among others. Chapter VI: Materials and methods, the type of research (Purpose and research), and research design (population and sample) and finally the techniquesprocedures and instruments to use (student t-test and Z) Chapter VII: Are the results obtained in the matching are statistical tests for each quantitative and qualitative indicator. The two statistical tests to be applied are T-student and Z. Chapter VIII: It focuses mainly on the Discussion of Results, making the respective analysis with each of the indicators, both quantitative and qualitative raising them, displaying them in tables and graphs respectively. And finally the final conclusions of this thesis project mentioned, highlighting the most important because using the Video IP Surveillance and future that will be obtained?, Who will?. Recommendations for Thesis’s proposal, which would be the most recommended items according to whether it is understandable for the user to apply the Peruvian IP Video Surveillance System for the Superior Court of Justice - the Liberty. The bibliographical sources that are a list of websites visited by the Thesis, putting the day I visited, the web address, adding the topic, Books, Theses, Electronic addresses. The glossary of terms, selecting new words throughout this thesis, listing their meaning writing. The Annexes: logical planes IP video Surveillance network, network wiring of the 4 floors, plus physical figures and roof wiring, Economic Feasibility, installing the “well grounded” and technical specifications of each IP camera, among others

Catherine Crump - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Surveillance policy making by procurement
    Washington Law Review, 2016
    Co-Authors: Catherine Crump
    Abstract:

    INTRODUCTIONOne day some of us showed up [to] committee and there were some objects on [the] table. It turns out they were drones. We didn't even know we owned drones. We looked at each other [and asked], where did these come from? And then someone said, oh, you approved it two years ago.1-Seattle City Council Member Nick LicataThe heavily militarized response to those protesting the police shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri generated real shock among members of the public, who did not realize that the federal government provided military-grade weapons and Equipment to local law enforcement agencies. In the aftermath, the White House conducted a top-to-bottom review of federal support for local law enforcement Equipment acquisition.2 It concluded that "training has not been institutionalized, specifically with respect to civil rights and civil liberties protections[.]"3 It also found that "[l]ocal elected officials are frequently not involved in the decision-making" about what technology their police forces acquire, and the general public is "unaware of what their [law enforcement agencies] possess."4These statements are equally true of federal programs promoting the acquisition of Surveillance Equipment. The primary difference is that while the public does eventually witness the use of force, Surveillance, by its nature, remains largely invisible. Yet Surveillance Equipment is also susceptible to abuse. The federal government's role in promoting its use merits close attention. This Article begins that work.Federal agencies make considerable funds available to local law enforcement agencies, in the form of grants, to acquire Surveillance technologies. Congress substantially increased the amount of funding available in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks, reflecting the view that local cooperation was essential to prevent future incidents of terrorism. 5 its interest in enhancing the capabilities of local law enforcement agencies is likely to increase because anti-terrorism experts are convinced that Orlando and San Bernardino-style "home-grown" terrorist incidents are now a substantial threat to our security and safety.6By influencing the process of procurement, the federal government can entice local police departments-over which it has no formal control-to enhance their Surveillance capabilities in line with federal priorities. But this approach, which this Article refers to as Surveillance policy making by procurement, has a variety of additional consequences. For the most part, local law enforcement agencies are directed and controlled by locally elected government officials, who are in turn subject to the pressures of local public opinion. Surveillance policy making by procurement can short-circuit this process when elected officials and the public are left without a meaningful understanding of what technologies their law enforcement agency is acquiring. This can create a governance void, in which law enforcement agencies deploy powerful Surveillance technologies in ways that may conflict with local political preferences. Moreover, because the same Surveillance technologies that are useful in investigating terrorism are also useful in investigating more routine forms of criminal conduct, federal programs created with the War on Terror in mind can have significant effects on standard law enforcement work.To better understand Surveillance policy making by procurement, this Article develops three case studies: Seattle's acquisition of a drone and deployment of a "mesh network"; Oakland's construction of a "domain awareness center"; and San Diego's rollout of facial recognition technology. The technologies that Seattle, Oakland, and San Diego acquired are not marginal improvements on existing tools.7 All substantially increase the capacity of a law enforcement agency to collect, store, analyze, and share information about individuals, with a potentially significant, negative impact on privacy. …

  • Surveillance policy making by procurement
    Social Science Research Network, 2016
    Co-Authors: Catherine Crump
    Abstract:

    The Seattle police obtained a Surveillance drone with the approval of a city council that did not realize what it was doing. Following a council review that lasted literally two minutes, Oakland created a data integration center that networked together all of the city’s existing Surveillance infrastructure. In San Diego, elected representatives were only dimly aware that the law enforcement agency they supervised had built and deployed innovative facial recognition technology.In an age of heightened concern about the militarization of local police and Surveillance technology, how is it possible for local law enforcement agencies to obtain cutting edge and potentially intrusive Surveillance Equipment without elected leaders and the general public understanding what they are doing? The answer lies in the multi-billion-dollar process of federal procurement, through which the federal government, often in the name of combatting terrorism, funnels resources to local law enforcement agencies to purchase Surveillance Equipment. But the federal government does not take steps to ensure that local elected representatives and members of the public are involved in decisions about what technologies to acquire, or that anyone develops a protocol to constrain how the technologies are used. Surveillance policy making by procurement thus raises a host of questions related to accountability for policy choices when the federal government influences local policing through grants but does not address all relevant concerns, and how to deal with the inevitable spillover effects of the federal government’s national security initiatives on the ways local law enforcement agents carry out their more routine policing functions.This article is the first to comprehensively consider the intersection of procurement and local Surveillance policy making. Using case studies from Seattle, Oakland, and San Diego, it exposes the practice of Surveillance policy making by procurement. The case studies highlight the structural and institutional factors that lead to Surveillance policy making by procurement, and elected representatives’ responses to it point the way towards policy solutions that would bring a greater measure of transparency and accountability to local Surveillance policy making. The case studies also provide fodder for thinking through the way federal spending programs can generate confusion over who is responsible for policy choices, and how the federal government’s national security policies have spillover effects on the conduct of routine policing. Local communities vary greatly, in their crime rates, the competence and trustworthiness of their police departments, and in their political convictions. This article draws on the case studies to suggest that local governments have a valuable role to play in tailoring Surveillance policy to local conditions. It concludes by proposing politically feasible steps to strengthen local democratic input regarding what Surveillance technology should be adopted and the conditions under which it should be deployed.

Touradj Ebrahimi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Scrambling for Privacy Protection in Video Surveillance Systems
    2010
    Co-Authors: Frederic Dufaux, Touradj Ebrahimi
    Abstract:

    Abstract—In this paper, we address the problem of privacy protection in video Surveillance. We introduce two efficient approaches to conceal regions of interest (ROIs) based on transform-domain or codestream-domain scrambling. In the first technique, the sign of selected transform coefficients is pseudorandomly flipped during encoding. In the second method, some bits of the codestream are pseudorandomly inverted. We address more specifically the cases of MPEG-4 as it is today the prevailing standard in video Surveillance Equipment. Simulations show that both techniques successfully hide private data in ROIs while the scene remains comprehensible. Additionally, the amount of noise introduced by the scrambling process can be adjusted. Finally, the impact on coding efficiency performance is small, and the required computational complexity is negligible. Index Terms—Privacy, selective encryption, Surveillance, video processing

  • Scrambling for Privacy Protection in Video Surveillance Systems
    IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Frederic Dufaux, Touradj Ebrahimi
    Abstract:

    In this paper, we address the problem of privacy protection in video Surveillance. We introduce two efficient approaches to conceal regions of interest (ROIs) based on transform-domain or codestream-domain scrambling. In the first technique, the sign of selected transform coefficients is pseudorandomly flipped during encoding. In the second method, some bits of the codestream are pseudorandomly inverted. We address more specifically the cases of MPEG-4 as it is today the prevailing standard in video Surveillance Equipment. Simulations show that both techniques successfully hide private data in ROIs while the scene remains comprehensible. Additionally, the amount of noise introduced by the scrambling process can be adjusted. Finally, the impact on coding efficiency performance is small, and the required computational complexity is negligible.

Schubert Brian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Unmanned Aerial Systems (Semester Unknown) IPRO 312: UnmannedAerialSystemsIPRO312BrochureSp11
    2011
    Co-Authors: Cheng Lidens, Samala Nishanth, Simpson Matt, Traylor Kay, Zhou Yaofu, Lan Jiang, Mendez Bernie, Perez Artemio, Nair Tushar, Schubert Brian
    Abstract:

    The use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) for intelligence, Surveillance, reconnaissance as well as in search and rescue is rapidly expanding in both civilian and military applications at an unprecedented rate which was not foreseen a decade ago. Accordingly, there are significant job opportunities in this field and it is expected that this will continue to grow in the next decade. The design of UAS is truly an interdisciplinary task as it requires team work with expertise in diverse areas ranging from aircraft design to autonomous flight, video and data transmission to visual object recognition, the operation of a ground station such as real time data analysis and antenna tracking. In this IPRO project, we are developing an electric powered low cost UAS solution that utilizes larger autonomy than most current UAS designs. The goal is to design and build a small‐scale UAS that is capable of (i) autonomous flight and navigation through way points within a mission zone of 2 km radius with fail‐safe functions such as “return‐to‐home” and “flight termination” in case of radio and/or video transmission loss and (ii) target recognition through real‐time video and telemetry transmission and data analysis. This is to be done by using image processing algorithms coupled with position determination from GPS receivers and other onboard sensors. The data acquired will then be transmitted to a ground station for post processing and prioritization. The design of the UAS would require the selection or construction of a stable airframe with the flight characteristics required for high quality images and video as well as a decent endurance and range for the Surveillance of large areas. Furthermore signal transmission, reception and processing methods will need to be developed to ensure functionality at a multitude of ranges and conditions, with provisions being made for overlapping signal coverage. The focus this semester will be placed on smooth system integration as each one of these tasks is closely related to others. This IPRO project will also be an excellent platform to get hands‐on exposure to rapidly developing and commonly available technologies such as GPS receiver modules, gyroscopes, infrared (IR) sensors, inertial measurement units (IMU), pressure sensors, auto‐piloting systems and software development, lithium polymer (LiPo) battery powered electric propulsion systems, wireless telemetry and audio/video transmission, diversity antennas and antenna tracking systems, etc. The IPRO team will also address broader issues concerning (i) the testing and use of UAS in national air space for flight operations (provided by the FAA) and remote observing (both federal and state policies), and (ii) the use of Surveillance Equipment by private observers or even local government offices to observe private property. To this end, IPRO team will analyze government documents to establish limits of current civilian UAS usage with the objective of (i) identifying specific areas where technology can be expanded quickly, and (ii) creation of a document specifying the policy limitations and technical requirements for UAS flight operations and remote observing, which will be extremely valuable beyond this project and serve as a guide for future development.Deliverable

  • Unmanned Aerial Systems (Semester Unknown) IPRO 312
    2011
    Co-Authors: Cheng Lidens, Samala Nishanth, Simpson Matt, Traylor Kay, Zhou Yaofu, Lan Jiang, Mendez Bernie, Perez Artemio, Nair Tushar, Schubert Brian
    Abstract:

    The use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) for intelligence, Surveillance, reconnaissance as well as in search and rescue is rapidly expanding in both civilian and military applications at an unprecedented rate which was not foreseen a decade ago. Accordingly, there are significant job opportunities in this field and it is expected that this will continue to grow in the next decade. The design of UAS is truly an interdisciplinary task as it requires team work with expertise in diverse areas ranging from aircraft design to autonomous flight, video and data transmission to visual object recognition, the operation of a ground station such as real time data analysis and antenna tracking. In this IPRO project, we are developing an electric powered low cost UAS solution that utilizes larger autonomy than most current UAS designs. The goal is to design and build a small‐scale UAS that is capable of (i) autonomous flight and navigation through way points within a mission zone of 2 km radius with fail‐safe functions such as “return‐to‐home” and “flight termination” in case of radio and/or video transmission loss and (ii) target recognition through real‐time video and telemetry transmission and data analysis. This is to be done by using image processing algorithms coupled with position determination from GPS receivers and other onboard sensors. The data acquired will then be transmitted to a ground station for post processing and prioritization. The design of the UAS would require the selection or construction of a stable airframe with the flight characteristics required for high quality images and video as well as a decent endurance and range for the Surveillance of large areas. Furthermore signal transmission, reception and processing methods will need to be developed to ensure functionality at a multitude of ranges and conditions, with provisions being made for overlapping signal coverage. The focus this semester will be placed on smooth system integration as each one of these tasks is closely related to others. This IPRO project will also be an excellent platform to get hands‐on exposure to rapidly developing and commonly available technologies such as GPS receiver modules, gyroscopes, infrared (IR) sensors, inertial measurement units (IMU), pressure sensors, auto‐piloting systems and software development, lithium polymer (LiPo) battery powered electric propulsion systems, wireless telemetry and audio/video transmission, diversity antennas and antenna tracking systems, etc. The IPRO team will also address broader issues concerning (i) the testing and use of UAS in national air space for flight operations (provided by the FAA) and remote observing (both federal and state policies), and (ii) the use of Surveillance Equipment by private observers or even local government offices to observe private property. To this end, IPRO team will analyze government documents to establish limits of current civilian UAS usage with the objective of (i) identifying specific areas where technology can be expanded quickly, and (ii) creation of a document specifying the policy limitations and technical requirements for UAS flight operations and remote observing, which will be extremely valuable beyond this project and serve as a guide for future development.Deliverable

Soriguera Martí Francesc - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Highway travel time estimation with data fusion
    'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2016
    Co-Authors: Soriguera Martí Francesc
    Abstract:

    This monograph presents a simple, innovative approach for the measurement and short-term prediction of highway travel times based on the fusion of inductive loop detector and toll ticket data. The methodology is generic and not technologically captive, allowing it to be easily generalized for other equivalent types of data. The book shows how Bayesian analysis can be used to obtain fused estimates that are more reliable than the original inputs, overcoming some of the drawbacks of travel-time estimations based on unique data sources. The developed methodology adds value and obtains the maximum (in terms of travel time estimation) from the available data, without recurrent and costly requirements for additional data. The application of the algorithms to empirical testing in the AP-7 toll highway in Barcelona proves that it is possible to develop an accurate real-time, travel-time information system on closed-toll highways with the existing Surveillance Equipment, suggesting that highway operators might provide their customers with such an added value with little additional investment in technology

  • Highway travel time estimation with data fusion
    'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2016
    Co-Authors: Soriguera Martí Francesc
    Abstract:

    Travel time information is the key indicator of highway management performance and one of the most appreciated inputs for highway users. Despite this relevance, the interest of highway operators in providing approximate travel time information is quite recent. Besides, highway administrations have only recently begun to gather such information as a means to measure the accessibility service provided by the road, in terms of quality and reliability. In the last century, magnetic loop detectors played a fundamental role in providing traffic volume information and also, with less accuracy, information on average speed and highway occupancy. New traffic monitoring technologies (intelligent cameras, GPS or cell phone tracking, Bluetooth identification, new MeMS detectors, etc.) have appeared in the recent decades and permit considerable improvement in travel time data gathering. Some of the new technologies are cheap (Bluetooth), others are not (cameras); but in any case most of the main highways are still monitored by magnetic loop detectors. It makes sense to use their basic information and enrich it, when needed, with new data sources. This monograph presents a simple approach for the measurement and short term prediction of highway travel times based on the fusion of inductive loop detector and toll ticket data. The methodology is generic and it is not technologically captive: it could be easily generalized to other equivalent types of data. Bayesian analysis makes it possible to obtain fused estimates that are more reliable than the original inputs, overcoming some drawbacks of travel time estimations based on unique data sources. The developed methodology adds value and obtains the maximum (in terms of travel time estimation) of the available data, without falling in the recurrent and costly request of additional data needs. The application of the algorithms to empirical testing in the AP-7 toll highway in Barcelona proves that it is possible to develop an accurate real-time travel time information system on closed toll highways with the existing Surveillance Equipment. Therefore, highway operators could give this added value to their customers at almost no extra investment.Peer Reviewe

  • Highway travel time estimation with data fusion
    'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2016
    Co-Authors: Soriguera Martí Francesc
    Abstract:

    Travel time information is the key indicator of highway management performance and one of the most appreciated inputs for highway users. Despite this relevance, the interest of highway operators in providing approximate travel time information is quite recent. Besides, highway administrations have only recently begun to gather such information as a means to measure the accessibility service provided by the road, in terms of quality and reliability. In the last century, magnetic loop detectors played a fundamental role in providing traffic volume information and also, with less accuracy, information on average speed and highway occupancy. New traffic monitoring technologies (intelligent cameras, GPS or cell phone tracking, Bluetooth identification, new MeMS detectors, etc.) have appeared in the recent decades and permit considerable improvement in travel time data gathering. Some of the new technologies are cheap (Bluetooth), others are not (cameras); but in any case most of the main highways are still monitored by magnetic loop detectors. It makes sense to use their basic information and enrich it, when needed, with new data sources. This monograph presents a simple approach for the measurement and short term prediction of highway travel times based on the fusion of inductive loop detector and toll ticket data. The methodology is generic and it is not technologically captive: it could be easily generalized to other equivalent types of data. Bayesian analysis makes it possible to obtain fused estimates that are more reliable than the original inputs, overcoming some drawbacks of travel time estimations based on unique data sources. The developed methodology adds value and obtains the maximum (in terms of travel time estimation) of the available data, without falling in the recurrent and costly request of additional data needs. The application of the algorithms to empirical testing in the AP-7 toll highway in Barcelona proves that it is possible to develop an accurate real-time travel time information system on closed toll highways with the existing Surveillance Equipment. Therefore, highway operators could give this added value to their customers at almost no extra investment.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version