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Megan T. Debettencourt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sustained Attention and spatial Attention distinctly influence long term memory encoding
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2021Co-Authors: Megan T. Debettencourt, Stephanie D. Williams, Edward K. Vogel, Edward AwhAbstract:Our Attention is critically important for what we remember. Prior measures of the relationship between Attention and memory, however, have largely treated "Attention" as a monolith. Here, across three experiments, we provide evidence for two dissociable aspects of Attention that influence encoding into long-term memory. Using spatial cues together with a sensitive continuous report procedure, we find that long-term memory response error is affected by both trial-by-trial fluctuations of Sustained Attention and prioritization via covert spatial Attention. Furthermore, using multivariate analyses of EEG, we track both Sustained Attention and spatial Attention before stimulus onset. Intriguingly, even during moments of low Sustained Attention, there is no decline in the representation of the spatially attended location, showing that these two aspects of Attention have robust but independent effects on long-term memory encoding. Finally, Sustained and spatial Attention predicted distinct variance in long-term memory performance across individuals. That is, the relationship between Attention and long-term memory suggests a composite model, wherein distinct Attentional subcomponents influence encoding into long-term memory. These results point toward a taxonomy of the distinct Attentional processes that constrain our memories.
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pupillometry signatures of Sustained Attention and working memory
bioRxiv, 2021Co-Authors: Paul A Keene, Megan T. Debettencourt, Edward Awh, Edward K. VogelAbstract:There exists an intricate relationship between Attention and working memory. Recent work has further established that Attention and working memory fluctuate synchronously, by tightly interleaving Sustained Attention and working memory tasks. This work has raised many open questions about physiological signatures underlying these behavioral fluctuations. Across two experiments, we explore pupil dynamics using real-time triggering in conjunction with an interleaved Sustained Attention and working memory task. In Experiment 1, we use behavioral real-time triggering and replicate recent findings from our lab (deBettencourt et al., 2019) that Sustained Attention fluctuates concurrently with the number of items maintained in working memory. Furthermore, highly attentive moments, detected via behavior, also exhibited larger pupil sizes. In Experiment 2, we develop a novel real-time pupil triggering technique to track pupil size fluctuations in real time and trigger working memory probes. We reveal that this pupil triggering procedure elicits differences in Sustained Attention, as indexed by response time. These experiments reflect methodological advances in real-time triggering and further characterize an important biomarker of Sustained Attention.
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Sustained Attention and spatial Attention distinctly influence long-term memory encoding
2020Co-Authors: Megan T. Debettencourt, Stephanie D. Williams, Edward K. Vogel, Edward AwhAbstract:Abstract Our Attention is critically important for what we remember. Prior measures of the relationship between Attention and memory, however, have largely treated “Attention” as a monolith. Here, across three experiments, we provide evidence for two dissociable aspects of Attention that influence encoding into long-term memory. Using spatial cues together with a sensitive continuous report procedure, we find that long-term memory response error is affected by both trial-by-trial fluctuations of Sustained Attention and prioritization via covert spatial Attention. Furthermore, using multivariate analyses of EEG, we track both Sustained Attention and spatial Attention prior to stimulus onset. Intriguingly, even during moments of low Sustained Attention, there is no decline in the representation of the spatially attended location, showing that these two aspects of Attention have robust but independent effects on long term memory encoding. Finally, Sustained and spatial Attention predicted distinct variance in long-term memory performance across individuals. That is, the relationship between Attention and long-term memory suggests a composite model, wherein distinct Attentional subcomponents influence encoding into long-term memory. These results point towards a taxonomy of the distinct Attentional processes that constrain our memories.
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forgetting from lapses of Sustained Attention
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2018Co-Authors: Megan T. Debettencourt, Kenneth A Norman, Nicholas B TurkbrowneAbstract:When performing any task for an extended period of time, Attention fluctuates between good and bad states. These fluctuations affect performance in the moment, but may also have lasting consequences for what gets encoded into memory. Experiment 1 establishes this relationship between Attentional states and memory, by showing that subsequent memory for an item was predicted by a response time index of Sustained Attention (average response time during the three trials prior to stimulus onset). Experiment 2 strengthens the causal interpretation of this predictive relationship by treating the Sustained Attention index as an independent variable to trigger the appearance of an encoding trial. Subsequent memory was better when items were triggered from good versus bad Attentional states. Together, these findings suggest that Sustained Attention can have downstream consequences for what we remember, and they highlight the inferential utility of adaptive experimental designs. By continuously monitoring Attention, we can influence what will later be remembered.
Edward Awh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sustained Attention and spatial Attention distinctly influence long term memory encoding
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2021Co-Authors: Megan T. Debettencourt, Stephanie D. Williams, Edward K. Vogel, Edward AwhAbstract:Our Attention is critically important for what we remember. Prior measures of the relationship between Attention and memory, however, have largely treated "Attention" as a monolith. Here, across three experiments, we provide evidence for two dissociable aspects of Attention that influence encoding into long-term memory. Using spatial cues together with a sensitive continuous report procedure, we find that long-term memory response error is affected by both trial-by-trial fluctuations of Sustained Attention and prioritization via covert spatial Attention. Furthermore, using multivariate analyses of EEG, we track both Sustained Attention and spatial Attention before stimulus onset. Intriguingly, even during moments of low Sustained Attention, there is no decline in the representation of the spatially attended location, showing that these two aspects of Attention have robust but independent effects on long-term memory encoding. Finally, Sustained and spatial Attention predicted distinct variance in long-term memory performance across individuals. That is, the relationship between Attention and long-term memory suggests a composite model, wherein distinct Attentional subcomponents influence encoding into long-term memory. These results point toward a taxonomy of the distinct Attentional processes that constrain our memories.
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pupillometry signatures of Sustained Attention and working memory
bioRxiv, 2021Co-Authors: Paul A Keene, Megan T. Debettencourt, Edward Awh, Edward K. VogelAbstract:There exists an intricate relationship between Attention and working memory. Recent work has further established that Attention and working memory fluctuate synchronously, by tightly interleaving Sustained Attention and working memory tasks. This work has raised many open questions about physiological signatures underlying these behavioral fluctuations. Across two experiments, we explore pupil dynamics using real-time triggering in conjunction with an interleaved Sustained Attention and working memory task. In Experiment 1, we use behavioral real-time triggering and replicate recent findings from our lab (deBettencourt et al., 2019) that Sustained Attention fluctuates concurrently with the number of items maintained in working memory. Furthermore, highly attentive moments, detected via behavior, also exhibited larger pupil sizes. In Experiment 2, we develop a novel real-time pupil triggering technique to track pupil size fluctuations in real time and trigger working memory probes. We reveal that this pupil triggering procedure elicits differences in Sustained Attention, as indexed by response time. These experiments reflect methodological advances in real-time triggering and further characterize an important biomarker of Sustained Attention.
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Sustained Attention and spatial Attention distinctly influence long-term memory encoding
2020Co-Authors: Megan T. Debettencourt, Stephanie D. Williams, Edward K. Vogel, Edward AwhAbstract:Abstract Our Attention is critically important for what we remember. Prior measures of the relationship between Attention and memory, however, have largely treated “Attention” as a monolith. Here, across three experiments, we provide evidence for two dissociable aspects of Attention that influence encoding into long-term memory. Using spatial cues together with a sensitive continuous report procedure, we find that long-term memory response error is affected by both trial-by-trial fluctuations of Sustained Attention and prioritization via covert spatial Attention. Furthermore, using multivariate analyses of EEG, we track both Sustained Attention and spatial Attention prior to stimulus onset. Intriguingly, even during moments of low Sustained Attention, there is no decline in the representation of the spatially attended location, showing that these two aspects of Attention have robust but independent effects on long term memory encoding. Finally, Sustained and spatial Attention predicted distinct variance in long-term memory performance across individuals. That is, the relationship between Attention and long-term memory suggests a composite model, wherein distinct Attentional subcomponents influence encoding into long-term memory. These results point towards a taxonomy of the distinct Attentional processes that constrain our memories.
Stephanie D. Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sustained Attention and spatial Attention distinctly influence long term memory encoding
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2021Co-Authors: Megan T. Debettencourt, Stephanie D. Williams, Edward K. Vogel, Edward AwhAbstract:Our Attention is critically important for what we remember. Prior measures of the relationship between Attention and memory, however, have largely treated "Attention" as a monolith. Here, across three experiments, we provide evidence for two dissociable aspects of Attention that influence encoding into long-term memory. Using spatial cues together with a sensitive continuous report procedure, we find that long-term memory response error is affected by both trial-by-trial fluctuations of Sustained Attention and prioritization via covert spatial Attention. Furthermore, using multivariate analyses of EEG, we track both Sustained Attention and spatial Attention before stimulus onset. Intriguingly, even during moments of low Sustained Attention, there is no decline in the representation of the spatially attended location, showing that these two aspects of Attention have robust but independent effects on long-term memory encoding. Finally, Sustained and spatial Attention predicted distinct variance in long-term memory performance across individuals. That is, the relationship between Attention and long-term memory suggests a composite model, wherein distinct Attentional subcomponents influence encoding into long-term memory. These results point toward a taxonomy of the distinct Attentional processes that constrain our memories.
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Sustained Attention and spatial Attention distinctly influence long-term memory encoding
2020Co-Authors: Megan T. Debettencourt, Stephanie D. Williams, Edward K. Vogel, Edward AwhAbstract:Abstract Our Attention is critically important for what we remember. Prior measures of the relationship between Attention and memory, however, have largely treated “Attention” as a monolith. Here, across three experiments, we provide evidence for two dissociable aspects of Attention that influence encoding into long-term memory. Using spatial cues together with a sensitive continuous report procedure, we find that long-term memory response error is affected by both trial-by-trial fluctuations of Sustained Attention and prioritization via covert spatial Attention. Furthermore, using multivariate analyses of EEG, we track both Sustained Attention and spatial Attention prior to stimulus onset. Intriguingly, even during moments of low Sustained Attention, there is no decline in the representation of the spatially attended location, showing that these two aspects of Attention have robust but independent effects on long term memory encoding. Finally, Sustained and spatial Attention predicted distinct variance in long-term memory performance across individuals. That is, the relationship between Attention and long-term memory suggests a composite model, wherein distinct Attentional subcomponents influence encoding into long-term memory. These results point towards a taxonomy of the distinct Attentional processes that constrain our memories.
Ian H Robertson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sustained Attention, Attentional selectivity, and Attentional capacity across the lifespan
Attention Perception & Psychophysics, 2012Co-Authors: Laura P. Mcavinue, Thomas Habekost, Katherine A. Johnson, Søren Kyllingsbæk, Signe Vangkilde, Claus Bundesen, Ian H RobertsonAbstract:Changes in Sustained Attention, Attentional selectivity, and Attentional capacity were examined in a sample of 113 participants between the ages of 12 and 75. To measure Sustained Attention, we employed the Sustained-Attention-to-response task (Robertson, Manly, Andrade, Baddeley, & Yiend, Neuropsychologia 35:747–58, 1997 ), a short continuous-performance test designed to capture fluctuations in Sustained Attention. To measure Attentional selectivity and capacity, we employed a paradigm based on the theory of visual Attention (Bundesen, Psychological Review 97:523–547, 1990 ), which enabled the estimation of parameters related to Attentional selection, perceptual threshold, visual short-term memory capacity, and processing capacity. We found evidence of age-related decline in each of the measured variables, but the declines varied markedly in terms of magnitude and lifespan trajectory. Variables relating to Attentional capacity showed declines of very large effect sizes, while variables relating to Attentional selectivity and Sustained Attention showed declines of medium to large effect sizes, suggesting that Attentional control is relatively preserved in older adults. The variables relating to Sustained Attention followed a U-shaped, curvilinear trend, and the variables relating to Attentional selectivity and capacity showed linear decline from early adulthood, providing further support for the differentiation of Attentional functions.
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dissociation in performance of children with adhd and high functioning autism on a task of Sustained Attention
Neuropsychologia, 2007Co-Authors: Katherine A. Johnson, Ian H Robertson, Simon P Kelly, Timothy J Silk, Edwina Barry, Aoife Daibhis, Amy Watchorn, Michelle Keavey, Michael FitzgeraldAbstract:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism are two neurodevelopmental disorders associated with prominent executive dysfunction, which may be underpinned by disruption within fronto-striatal and fronto-parietal circuits. We probed executive function in these disorders using a Sustained Attention task with a validated brain-behaviour basis. Twenty-three children with ADHD, 21 children with high-functioning autism (HFA) and 18 control children were tested on the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART). In a fixed sequence version of the task, children were required to withhold their response to a predictably occurring no-go target (3) in a 1-9 digit sequence; in the random version the sequence was unpredictable. The ADHD group showed clear deficits in response inhibition and Sustained Attention, through higher errors of commission and omission on both SART versions. The HFA group showed no Sustained Attention deficits, through a normal number of omission errors on both SART versions. The HFA group showed dissociation in response inhibition performance, as indexed by commission errors. On the Fixed SART, a normal number of errors was made, however when the stimuli were randomised, the HFA group made as many commission errors as the ADHD group. Greater slow-frequency variability in response time and a slowing in mean response time by the ADHD group suggested impaired arousal processes. The ADHD group showed greater fast-frequency variability in response time, indicative of impaired top-down control, relative to the HFA and control groups. These data imply involvement of fronto-parietal Attentional networks and sub-cortical arousal systems in the pathology of ADHD and prefrontal cortex dysfunction in children with HFA.
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cognitive remediation in adhd effects of periodic non contingent alerts on Sustained Attention to response
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2006Co-Authors: Redmond G Oconnell, Mark A Bellgrove, Paul M Dockree, Ian H RobertsonAbstract:Few studies have attempted direct cognitive remediation of Attention deficits in Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study investigated the efficacy of periodic non-informative alerting Cues for improving sustaining Attention in ADHD. This technique is known to improve Sustained Attention in right frontal injury patients and may be effective in ADHD, given that this disorder has also been linked with right frontal dysfunction. Fifteen children with ADHD and 15 matched controls completed four blocks of a modified version of the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART). Eight random non-contingent alerts were introduced on two of these blocks as a cue for participants to adopt a more supervisory stance to their performance. While the alerting cues did not alter the total number of commission errors committed by ADHD children over a task block, they did produce a significant short-term reduction in commission errors in the period immediately following an alerting cue. Our data demonstrate that Sustained Attention performance can be enhanced in children with ADHD using a simple cognitive training strategy. Methods from the field of cognitive rehabilitation may be viably applied to the remediation of Attention deficits in ADHD.
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behavioural and physiological impairments of Sustained Attention after traumatic brain injury
Cognitive Brain Research, 2004Co-Authors: Paul M Dockree, Simon P Kelly, Richard A P Roche, Michael Hogan, Richard B Reilly, Ian H RobertsonAbstract:Sustaining Attention under conditions of low external demand taxes our ability to stay on task and to avoid more appealing trains of thought or environmental distractions. By contrast, a stimulating, novel environment engages Attention far more freely without the subjective feeling of having to override monotony. Our ability to maintain a goal-directed focus without support from the environment requires the endogenous control of behaviour. This control can be modulated by fronto–parietal circuits and this ability is compromised following traumatic brain injury (TBI) leading to increased lapses of Attention. In this paper, we further explore a laboratory paradigm that we argue is particularly sensitive to Sustained Attention as opposed to other aspects of Attentional control involving the selection and management of goals in working memory. The paradigm (fixed sequence Sustained Attention to Response Task—SARTfixed) involves withholding a key press to an infrequent no-go target embedded within a predictable sequence of numbers. We demonstrate that TBI patients in this study make disproportionately more errors than controls on this task. An analysis of response times (RTs) and EEG alpha power across the task demonstrates group differences preceding the critical no-go trial. Controls demonstrate a lengthening of RTs accompanied by desynchronization of power within the alpha band (∼10 Hz) preceding the no-go trial. Conversely, the TBI group showed a shortening of RTs during this period with no evidence of alpha desynchronization. These findings suggest that TBI patients may have dysfunctional alpha generators as a consequence of their injury that impairs endogenous control during the task.
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the absent mind further investigations of Sustained Attention to response
Neuropsychologia, 1999Co-Authors: Tom Manly, Ian H Robertson, Maria Galloway, Kari HawkinsAbstract:We have previously demonstrated that performance on a brief and conceptually simple laboratory task (the Sustained Attention to Response Test: SART) was predictive of everyday Attentional failures and action slips in brain injured patients and normal control participants. The SART is a go-no-go paradigm in which the no-go target appears rarely and unpredictably. Performance on this measure was previously interpreted as requiring Sustained Attention to response rather than a putative 'response inhibition' capacity. Three further studies are presented which support this claim. They demonstrate that performance is crucially determined by the duration of time over which Attention must be maintained on one's own actions that this demand underpins the task's relationship to everyday Attentional lapses. In keeping with a number of recent studies it suggests that inefficiencies in the maintenance of Attentional control may be apparent over much briefer periods than is traditionally considered using vigilance measures and analysis.
Edward K. Vogel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sustained Attention and spatial Attention distinctly influence long term memory encoding
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2021Co-Authors: Megan T. Debettencourt, Stephanie D. Williams, Edward K. Vogel, Edward AwhAbstract:Our Attention is critically important for what we remember. Prior measures of the relationship between Attention and memory, however, have largely treated "Attention" as a monolith. Here, across three experiments, we provide evidence for two dissociable aspects of Attention that influence encoding into long-term memory. Using spatial cues together with a sensitive continuous report procedure, we find that long-term memory response error is affected by both trial-by-trial fluctuations of Sustained Attention and prioritization via covert spatial Attention. Furthermore, using multivariate analyses of EEG, we track both Sustained Attention and spatial Attention before stimulus onset. Intriguingly, even during moments of low Sustained Attention, there is no decline in the representation of the spatially attended location, showing that these two aspects of Attention have robust but independent effects on long-term memory encoding. Finally, Sustained and spatial Attention predicted distinct variance in long-term memory performance across individuals. That is, the relationship between Attention and long-term memory suggests a composite model, wherein distinct Attentional subcomponents influence encoding into long-term memory. These results point toward a taxonomy of the distinct Attentional processes that constrain our memories.
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pupillometry signatures of Sustained Attention and working memory
bioRxiv, 2021Co-Authors: Paul A Keene, Megan T. Debettencourt, Edward Awh, Edward K. VogelAbstract:There exists an intricate relationship between Attention and working memory. Recent work has further established that Attention and working memory fluctuate synchronously, by tightly interleaving Sustained Attention and working memory tasks. This work has raised many open questions about physiological signatures underlying these behavioral fluctuations. Across two experiments, we explore pupil dynamics using real-time triggering in conjunction with an interleaved Sustained Attention and working memory task. In Experiment 1, we use behavioral real-time triggering and replicate recent findings from our lab (deBettencourt et al., 2019) that Sustained Attention fluctuates concurrently with the number of items maintained in working memory. Furthermore, highly attentive moments, detected via behavior, also exhibited larger pupil sizes. In Experiment 2, we develop a novel real-time pupil triggering technique to track pupil size fluctuations in real time and trigger working memory probes. We reveal that this pupil triggering procedure elicits differences in Sustained Attention, as indexed by response time. These experiments reflect methodological advances in real-time triggering and further characterize an important biomarker of Sustained Attention.
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Sustained Attention and spatial Attention distinctly influence long-term memory encoding
2020Co-Authors: Megan T. Debettencourt, Stephanie D. Williams, Edward K. Vogel, Edward AwhAbstract:Abstract Our Attention is critically important for what we remember. Prior measures of the relationship between Attention and memory, however, have largely treated “Attention” as a monolith. Here, across three experiments, we provide evidence for two dissociable aspects of Attention that influence encoding into long-term memory. Using spatial cues together with a sensitive continuous report procedure, we find that long-term memory response error is affected by both trial-by-trial fluctuations of Sustained Attention and prioritization via covert spatial Attention. Furthermore, using multivariate analyses of EEG, we track both Sustained Attention and spatial Attention prior to stimulus onset. Intriguingly, even during moments of low Sustained Attention, there is no decline in the representation of the spatially attended location, showing that these two aspects of Attention have robust but independent effects on long term memory encoding. Finally, Sustained and spatial Attention predicted distinct variance in long-term memory performance across individuals. That is, the relationship between Attention and long-term memory suggests a composite model, wherein distinct Attentional subcomponents influence encoding into long-term memory. These results point towards a taxonomy of the distinct Attentional processes that constrain our memories.
