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Faming Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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measurements of clothing evaporative resistance using a Sweating thermal manikin an overview
Industrial Health, 2017Co-Authors: Faming WangAbstract:: Evaporative resistance has been widely used to describe the evaporative heat transfer property of clothing. It is also a critical variable in heat stress models for predicting human physiological responses in various environmental conditions. At present, Sweating thermal manikins provide a fast and cost-effective way to determine clothing evaporative resistance. Unfortunately, the measurement repeatability and reproducibility of evaporative resistance are rather low due to the complicated moisture transfer processes through clothing. This review article presents a systematical overview on major influential factors affecting the measurement precision of clothing evaporative resistance measurements. It also illustrates the state-of-the-art knowledge on the development of test protocol to measure clothing evaporative resistance by means of a Sweating manikin. Some feasible and robust test procedures for measurement of clothing evaporative resistance using a Sweating manikin are described. Recommendations on how to improve the measurement accuracy of clothing evaporative resistance are addressed and expected future trends on development of advanced Sweating thermal manikins are finally presented.
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measurements of clothing evaporative resistance using a Sweating thermal manikin an overview
Industrial Health, 2017Co-Authors: Faming WangAbstract:: Evaporative resistance has been widely used to describe the evaporative heat transfer property of clothing. It is also a critical variable in heat stress models for predicting human physiological responses in various environmental conditions. At present, Sweating thermal manikins provide a fast and cost-effective way to determine clothing evaporative resistance. Unfortunately, the measurement repeatability and reproducibility of evaporative resistance are rather low due to the complicated moisture transfer processes through clothing. This review article presents a systematical overview on major influential factors affecting the measurement precision of clothing evaporative resistance measurements. It also illustrates the state-of-the-art knowledge on the development of test protocol to measure clothing evaporative resistance by means of a Sweating manikin. Some feasible and robust test procedures for measurement of clothing evaporative resistance using a Sweating manikin are described. Recommendations on how to improve the measurement accuracy of clothing evaporative resistance are addressed and expected future trends on development of advanced Sweating thermal manikins are finally presented.
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effect of Sweating set rate on clothing real evaporative resistance determined on a Sweating thermal manikin in a so called isothermal condition t manikin t a t r
International Journal of Biometeorology, 2016Co-Authors: Yehu Lu, Faming Wang, Hui Peng, Guowen SongAbstract:The ASTM F2370 (2010) is the only standard with regard to measurement of clothing real evaporative resistance by means of a Sweating manikin. However, the Sweating set-point is not recommended in the standard. In this study, the effect of Sweating rate on clothing real evaporative resistance was investigated on a 34-zone “Newton” Sweating thermal manikin in a so-called isothermal condition (Tmanikin = Ta = Tr). Four different Sweating set rates (i.e., all segments had a Sweating rate of 400, 800, 1200 ml/hr∙m2, respectively, and different Sweating rates were assigned to different segments) were applied to determine the clothing real evaporative resistance of five clothing ensembles and the boundary air layer. The results indicated that the Sweating rate did not affect the real evaporative resistance of clothing ensembles with the absence of strong moisture absorbent layers. For the clothing ensemble with tight cotton underwear, a Sweating rate of lower than 400 ml/hr∙m2 is not recommended. This is mainly because the wet fabric “skin” might not be fully saturated and thus led to a lower evaporative heat loss and thereby a higher real evaporative resistance. For vapor permeable clothing, the real evaporative resistance determined in the so-called isothermal condition should be corrected before being used in thermal comfort or heat strain models. However, the reduction of wet thermal insulation due to moisture absorption in different test scenarios had a limited contribution to the effect of Sweating rate on the real evaporative resistance.
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physiological model controlled Sweating thermal manikin can it replace human subjects
Journal of ergonomics, 2011Co-Authors: Faming WangAbstract:Sweating thermal manikins are extensively used to assess clothing before performing human trials. Because thermal manikins cannot simulate human physiological responses and psychological perceptions, a recent hot research on incorporating various physiological models with thermal manikins has been highlighted. Can such physiological model regulated Sweating manikins replace human subjects? A thermal manikin is an instrument which simulates an average human being in terms of body dimensions. The first thermal manikin was introduced in 1940s by the US Army [1]. It was a one-segment copper manikin. Afterwards, more advanced ones such as multisegment, Sweating and moveable male and female manikins have been developed as new technologiesadvance [2-5]. The idea of incorporating a human physiological model with a Sweating manikin was first proposed in 2005 [6]. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Golden, CO) designed such a physiological model controlled manikin ADAM and used it to evaluate liquid cooling garments. The controlling system is comprised of three units: the Sweating manikin, the physiological control model and the empirical thermal comfort model. In this study, the comparison of data from model controlled manikin and physiological data from subject tests was not accomplished due to various reasons such as different test conditions were used. Nevertheless, the comfort and thermal sensations obtained from the model controlled manikin showed expected trends.
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physiological model controlled Sweating thermal manikin can it replace human subjects
Journal of ergonomics, 2011Co-Authors: Faming WangAbstract:Sweating thermal manikins are extensively used to assess clothing before performing human trials. Because thermal manikins cannot simulate human physiological responses and psychological perceptions, a recent hot research on incorporating various physiological models with thermal manikins has been highlighted. Can such physiological model regulated Sweating manikins replace human subjects? A thermal manikin is an instrument which simulates an average human being in terms of body dimensions. The first thermal manikin was introduced in 1940s by the US Army [1]. It was a one-segment copper manikin. Afterwards, more advanced ones such as multisegment, Sweating and moveable male and female manikins have been developed as new technologiesadvance [2-5]. The idea of incorporating a human physiological model with a Sweating manikin was first proposed in 2005 [6]. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Golden, CO) designed such a physiological model controlled manikin ADAM and used it to evaluate liquid cooling garments. The controlling system is comprised of three units: the Sweating manikin, the physiological control model and the empirical thermal comfort model. In this study, the comparison of data from model controlled manikin and physiological data from subject tests was not accomplished due to various reasons such as different test conditions were used. Nevertheless, the comfort and thermal sensations obtained from the model controlled manikin showed expected trends.
B Bonan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recurrent gustatory Sweating frey syndrome after intracutaneous injection of botulinum toxin type a incidence management and outcome
Archives of Otolaryngology-head & Neck Surgery, 1999Co-Authors: Ollivier Laccourreye, Raimundo Gutierrezfonseca, Dominique Garcia, Daniel Brasnu, B BonanAbstract:Objective To evaluate the duration of effectiveness of intracutaneous injection of botulinum toxin type A for gustatory Sweating as well as the incidence, severity, management, and outcome of recurrent gustatory Sweating. Design An inception cohort with a minimum of 18 months of follow-up. Setting A tertiary care center and university teaching hospital. Patients Thirty-three patients with severe gustatory Sweating. Intervention Intracutaneous injection of 25 to 175 IU (mean, 86 IU) of botulinum toxin type A. Main Outcome Measures Analysis of the effectiveness of the intracutaneous injection of botulinum toxin type A using the Kaplan-Meier actuarial life-table method; completion of the Minor starch-iodine test in patients without symptomatic recurrent gustatory Sweating; and the patients' self-assessment of the severity of the recurrent gustatory Sweating. Results The 1-, 2-, and 3-year actuarial estimate for symptomatic recurrent gustatory Sweating was 27%, 63%, and 92%, respectively. In the 7 patients without symptomatic recurrent gustatory Sweating, the Minor starch-iodine test revealed persistent gustatory Sweating in 6, resulting in an overall 97% rate (32 of 33 patients) for recurrent gustatory Sweating. No statistical relationship could be demonstrated between the duration of effectiveness, the incidence of recurrent gustatory Sweating, the severity of recurrent gustatory Sweating, and the following variables: age, sex, cause of gustatory Sweating, skin surface involved, and dose of botulinum toxin type A injection. Within the group of 26 patients with symptomatic recurrent gustatory Sweating, (1) the severity of the recurrent gustatory Sweating was always reduced when compared with the severity of the initial gustatory Sweating, and (2) the recurrent gustatory Sweating always remained amenable to reinjection of botulinum toxin type A. Conclusions The present series demonstrated a linear regression in the effectiveness of the intracutaneous injection of botulinum toxin type A in patients with gustatory Sweating, while no factors appeared to be statistically related to the duration of effectiveness and/or the incidence of recurrent gustatory Sweating. However, because the severity of recurrent gustatory Sweating is reduced when compared with the severity of the initial gustatory Sweating and because recurrent gustatory Sweating remains amenable to reinjection of botulinum toxin type A, we believe that the intracutaneous injection of botulinum toxin type A should become the first-line treatment option in patients with gustatory Sweating.
Claudia Schonebeck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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up to date report of botulinum toxin type a treatment in patients with gustatory Sweating frey s syndrome
Laryngoscope, 1998Co-Authors: Rainer Laskawi, Christian Drobik, Claudia SchonebeckAbstract:Several therapeutic approaches exist to treat gustatory Sweating (Frey's syndrome) following parotidectomy. Because of the lack of effective treatment, a new therapeutic modality using botulinum toxin injections was presented previously by our group. The duration of the demonstrated positive effect was essentially unknown so far. Based on our experiences using this technique since December 1993, the purpose of this clinical investigation was to make an up-to-date report and demonstrate the duration of effect of BOTOX injections in patients with severe gustatory Sweating. Nineteen patients with severe gustatory Sweating have been treated with BOTOX by intracutaneous injections into the affected skin areas. The maximal follow-up time was 33 months. The results were obtained by interviews and controls using Minor's starch iodine test. In all treated cases (n = 19 patients, 22 treated sides) gustatory Sweating ceased completely within 2 days. Side effects were absent. In 12 patients gustatory Sweating reappeared. The mean duration of effect was 17.3 months (subjective personal communication of 18 patients). Findings show that intracutaneous injection of BOTOX is a highly effective, safe, and minimally invasive treatment of Frey's syndrome with long-lasting therapeutic effect.
Axel Bohring - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sweating ability and genotype in individuals with x linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Journal of Medical Genetics, 2011Co-Authors: Holm Schneider, Johanna Hammersen, Sabine Preisleradams, Kenneth M Huttner, Wolfgang Rascher, Axel BohringAbstract:Background X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), the most common type of ectodermal dysplasia, is caused by EDA gene mutations. Reduced Sweating contributes substantially to XLHED associated morbidity and mortality. To characterise the genotypeephenotype relationship, sweat gland function was assessed non-invasively in XLHED patients and healthy controls. Subjects and methods In 36 genotyped XLHED patients and 29 control subjects aged 0e57 years, pilocarpine-induced sweat volume, palmar sweat pore density, and palmar skin conductance before and after stimulation were determined. Results Among 31 XLHED males, 14 had neither detectable sweat pores nor inducible Sweating, 10 showed a few sweat pores but absent Sweating, and 7 produced reduced sweat volumes (1e11 ml) as compared with controls (38e93 ml). Two of the low Sweating XLHED subjects had normal sweat pore counts. In all 5 heterozygous females, some sweat was detected, but generally less than in female controls. Basal and stimulated skin conductance readings were reduced in 23 of 24 non-Sweating, but only in 3 of 12 low-Sweating XLHED subjects. There was no correlation between sweat production and number of missing teeth. Conclusions In contrast to prior reports on nongenotyped hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia populations, this study confirmed a consistent, quantifiable defect of sweat gland function in male XLHED subjects as a disease biomarker. Among 26 different EDA genotypes, specific mutations were shown to be consistently associated with anhidrosis, implying that systematic mapping of EDA mutations together with the analysis of objective clinical data may help to distinguish functionally crucial mutations from those allowing residual activity of the gene product.
Hubert Zirngibl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for severe hyperhidrosis impact of restrictive denervation on compensatory Sweating
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 2006Co-Authors: J Schmidt, Falk G Bechara, P Altmeyer, Hubert ZirngiblAbstract:Background Compensatory Sweating is noted frequently after sympathectomy and may be difficult to control in some patients. This prospective trial was projected to measure the impact of limited denervation on compensatory Sweating while performing endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. Methods One hundred seventy-eight patients (127 female and 51 male) with severe primary hyperhidrosis unsuccessfully treated by conservative means entered the study. Group A was treated with sympathectomy from T2 to T4. In group B sympathectomy was performed from T3 to T5. Physical condition was measured after 1, 6, and 24 months by means of the SF-36 Health Survey Test. Results Evaluation rate was 94.9%. Horner's syndrome was not detected, recurrence rate was 0.6%, and rate of persistent pneumothorax was 2.3%. Compensatory Sweating was reported with 17.1% in group A and diminished to 4.9% in group B. Gustatory Sweating was comparable in both groups (4.3% versus 4.9%). Satisfaction rate was 97% in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis, 95% for axillary hyperhidrosis, and 87% for facial hyperhidrosis. Discomfort originating from compensatory Sweating was less than symptoms from primary hyperhidrosis 24 months after endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy in more than 90%. Only 7.1% of the entire group was not satisfied. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that limiting denervation beyond T2 ganglion offers good clinical results in axillary as well as palmar hyperhidrosis and may reduce the risk for compensatory Sweating. In women, reduction was as high as 75% and in men, near 50%. Our impression is that severe compensatory Sweating and the majority of stellate ganglion lesions occur as a result of starting sympathectomy at level T2.
