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Ronald M. Weigel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spatial and genotypic clustering of Salmonella over time in a Swine Production unit.
Preventive veterinary medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Sangeeta Rao, Uriel Kitron, Ronald M. WeigelAbstract:Transmission patterns of Salmonella in a Swine Production unit were investigated by statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of isolates and the clustering of genotypes over a 12-week period. The study unit was a breeding-gestation building in a single-site farrow-to-finish Swine Production system. During the summer of 2003, 1746 pen floor samples were collected during 6 visits conducted at 2-week intervals. Genotyping was performed on the 107 Salmonella isolates obtained using repetitive sequence PCR (3 primers: REP, BOX, ERIC). Genetic similarity was evaluated by DNA fragment matching and hierarchical cluster analysis based on genetic similarities. For each visit, the distance at which spatial clustering of Salmonella isolates occurred was estimated using second order analyses. Significant spatial clustering of Salmonella up to a distance of 15.2m was identified for 4 of the 6 farm visits, those for which the prevalence of Salmonella was the highest. Cluster analysis of genetic similarities identified 4 groups of Salmonella isolates at the level of at least 85% similarity in rep-PCR fragment matching patterns. Genetic clusters were relatively homogeneous for time of visit, with each genetic cluster consisting of isolates from the same or temporally adjacent visits. The correlation between genetic similarity and spatial proximity between pairs of Salmonella isolates, and the correlation between these measures and differences in time of sampling, were evaluated using Mantel's r. There was a strong positive correlation (r=0.62, p
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Testing an ecological model for transmission of Salmonella enterica in Swine Production ecosystems using genotyping data
Preventive veterinary medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Ronald M. Weigel, David A. Barber, Peter B. Bahnson, Richard E. Isaacson, Daniele Nucera, Baozhen Qiao, Belete Teferedegne, Dong Kyun Suh, Bryan A. WhiteAbstract:An ecological model for transmission of Salmonella enterica in Swine Production ecosystems was developed, identifying host species, environmental reservoirs, and temporal, spatial, and functional (i.e., stage of Production) dimensions. It was hypothesized that transmission was most likely within spatial and functional compartments, between hosts of the same species and abiotic compartments of the same type. Eighteen Swine Production systems in Illinois, USA, were sampled in four collection cycles (1998, 1999, 2000, 2003). There were 11,873 samples collected, including feces from Swine and other mammals and birds, and samples from insects, pen floors, boots, feed, and water. The 460 Salmonella isolates obtained were genotyped using repetitive sequence PCR with three primers-REP, BOX, and ERIC. All isolates from 2000 and 2003 were serotyped, as well as a subsample from 1998 and 1998. Genetic relatedness was estimated from the similarity of fragmentation patterns after gel electrophoresis of PCR products. Cluster analysis identified genetically related isolates. Linking of isolates in tight clusters (similarity >or=85%) was viewed as evidence for transmission. Five farms had a sufficient number of tight clusters for hypothesis testing. The factors most differentiating isolates genetically were farm of origin and time of sampling. Isolates were also differentiated genetically by site, building, room, and pen. There was no consistent association of genotype with stage of Production or host/environment reservoir. Serotype analysis confirmed that Salmonella lineages were differentiated by visit and site. Thus, Salmonella transmission was primarily over short distances, i.e., within the same pen or room, with some transmission between rooms and buildings on the same site, but with limited transmission between sites. Transmission was observed across a variety of ecological niches represented by different host species and environmental reservoirs. Genetic differences over time reflected multiple introductions into the ecosystem of different Salmonella genotypes, as well as evolutionary changes within lineages. Intervention strategies to reduce Salmonella prevalence within Swine Production ecosystems would be best targeted at maintaining spatial barriers to transmission, whereas intervention targeted at specific biological hosts or environmental reservoirs is less likely to be effective.
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Distribution of Salmonella in Swine Production ecosystems.
Journal of food protection, 2002Co-Authors: David A. Barber, Peter B. Bahnson, Richard E. Isaacson, Carl J. Jones, Ronald M. WeigelAbstract:The objective of this 2-year field survey was to sample multiple ecological compartments within Swine Production systems to identify potential sources of Salmonella infection for Swine. Twelve single-site Production systems within Illinois were identified by slaughter sampling to have detectable Salmonella in Swine and therefore selected for study. There were four visits to each farm during a 5-month period. Fecal samples were obtained from Swine and other wild and domestic mammals. Arthropods and environmental samples of feed, water, pen floors, boots, and bird feces were also collected. All 8,066 samples obtained were cultured to detect Salmonella. Salmonella was detected on 11 of the 12 farms. There were 206 positive cultures, including samples from Swine (83), pen floors (54), boots (32), flies (16), mice (9), cats (3), and birds (3). Swine shedding Salmonella in feces were detected on 9 of the 12 farms. The more Salmonella-abundant ecological compartments were cats (12% of samples positive), boots (11%), bird feces (8%), flies (6%), and mice (5%); 2.1% of 4,024 Swine samples were positive. All 221 feed samples were negative for Salmonella. There was a correlation between a farm having a high prevalence of shedding Salmonella in pigs and a high abundance on pen floors, flies, and boots. The most common serotypes detected were Derby, Agona, Worthington, and Uganda, which were distributed throughout the ecosystem, suggesting widespread transmission across ecological compartments. The ubiquitous distribution of Salmonella suggests that an effective control strategy must target multiple compartments of the Swine Production ecosystem.
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distribution of salmonella in Swine Production ecosystems
Journal of Food Protection, 2002Co-Authors: David A. Barber, Peter B. Bahnson, Richard E. Isaacson, Carl J. Jones, Ronald M. WeigelAbstract:The objective of this 2-year field survey was to sample multiple ecological compartments within Swine Production systems to identify potential sources of Salmonella infection for Swine. Twelve single-site Production systems within Illinois were identified by slaughter sampling to have detectable Salmonella in Swine and therefore selected for study. There were four visits to each farm during a 5-month period. Fecal samples were obtained from Swine and other wild and domestic mammals. Arthropods and environmental samples of feed, water, pen floors, boots, and bird feces were also collected. All 8,066 samples obtained were cultured to detect Salmonella. Salmonella was detected on 11 of the 12 farms. There were 206 positive cultures, including samples from Swine (83), pen floors (54), boots (32), flies (16), mice (9), cats (3), and birds (3). Swine shedding Salmonella in feces were detected on 9 of the 12 farms. The more Salmonella-abundant ecological compartments were cats (12% of samples positive), boots (1...
Peter R. Davies - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Temporal patterns of colonization and infection with Mycoplasma hyorhinis in two Swine Production systems in the USA.
Veterinary microbiology, 2019Co-Authors: Maria J. Clavijo, Peter R. Davies, Robert B Morrison, Laura Bruner, Steve Olson, Everett L. Rosey, Albert RoviraAbstract:Control of Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) associated disease is currently hindered by limited knowledge of the epidemiology and ecology of this organism. A prospective longitudinal investigation was conducted to determine the dynamics of M. hyorhinis colonization in two Swine Production systems. In each system (A, B), 51 young sows (parities 1, 2) and 56 older sows (>parity 2) were selected at farrowing and tested by qPCR of nasal swabs and for antibodies by serum ELISA. From each sow, a piglet was randomly selected, and nasal and serum samples were collected at birth, weaning, and 10 days post-weaning. Two further samplings were performed in the nursery and finishing stages during the high-risk periods for M. hyorhinis-associated disease, and 12 pigs were euthanized and necropsied at these later sampling events. The prevalence of M. hyorhinis colonization in sows was low (
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Intensive Swine Production and pork safety.
Foodborne pathogens and disease, 2010Co-Authors: Peter R. DaviesAbstract:Abstract Major structural changes in livestock Production in developed countries, particularly intensive confinement Production and increases in herd and flock sizes, have raised several societal concerns about the future directions and implications of livestock food Production, including the safety of meat products. This review of the major parasitic and bacterial foodborne pathogens associated with pork Production indicates that pork safety in the United States has improved demonstrably over recent decades. Most notably, changes in Swine Production methods have been associated with virtual elimination of risk of the foodborne parasites Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, and Toxoplasma gondii from pigs reared on modern intensive farms. This represents a substantial public health achievement that has gone largely unheralded. Regulatory changes have led to demonstrably lower prevalence of Salmonella on pork carcasses, but control of bacterial foodborne pathogens on farms remains a significant challenge. ...
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Longitudinal study of Salmonella enterica in growing pigs reared in multiple-site Swine Production systems
Veterinary microbiology, 2001Co-Authors: Julie A. Funk, Peter R. Davies, M A. NicholsAbstract:Intensive longitudinal investigations of breeding and growing pig populations in two multiple-site Swine Production systems were conducted in NC, USA. Five cohorts of sows and individually identified growing pigs from their litters were serially sampled in order to determine the prevalence and serotypes of Salmonella enterica in each stage of Production based on fecal culture. In addition to fecal samples, feed and environmental samples were obtained. Fifteen different serotypes were isolated from the two systems, the most frequently isolated serotypes were S. typhimurium var Mbandaka and S. typhimurium var Copenhagen. Pig prevalence estimates ranged from 0 to 48.1%. Environmental contamination was frequently encountered despite cleaning and disinfection. Feed was rarely (2/800, 0.25%) identified as S. enterica positive. We observed highly variable patterns of S. enterica prevalence and serotype profiles within cohorts over time and among cohorts within systems. These observations indicate that point estimates of S. enterica prevalence and serotypes cannot be considered as reliable indicators of the S. enterica status of farms, and that uncontrolled studies of interventions to control S. enterica may yield misleading results. These findings are critical to the design of epidemiological studies of S. enterica on Swine farms and may suggest that cohort level, as opposed to farm or company level events or management practices, may be important as potential risk factors for S. enterica fecal shedding in market age pigs.
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Risk factors associated with Salmonella enterica prevalence in three-site Swine Production systems in North Carolina, USA.
Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 2001Co-Authors: Julie A. Funk, Peter R. Davies, Wondwossen A. GebreyesAbstract:The goal of this study was to identify risk factors associated with increased fecal shedding of Salmonella enterica (SE) in groups of market Swine reared in large three-site Production units. We conducted an intensive, long-term investigation of potential management and environmental risk factors operating during the growing phase of pig Production. Data regarding finisher site characteristics, biosecurity protocols, group growth performance, medication usage, and environmental temperature were collected. Results indicate that SE infection is common. Risk factors were identified at both the finisher site and group level. Biosecurity and hygiene practices (absence of a toilet, more than 2 people present at a finisher site daily, and other domestic species at the site), environmental temperature (winter and spring seasons, increased temperature variability, and below median high temperature the day of sampling), and Production performance (above median feed conversion) were associated with elevated SE prevalence. In addition, an association between the floor space allowances per pig at the time of sampling (a measure of the number of pigs sold prior to sampling) was identified, with greater space allowance associated with decreased prevalence. The results of this study identify potential management practices for evaluation for SE control and suggest caution in interpretation of fecal culture results when sampling from different marketing groups in Swine Production systems.
Julie A. Funk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seroprevalence of Trichinella, Toxoplasma, and Salmonella in antimicrobial-free and conventional Swine Production systems.
Foodborne pathogens and disease, 2008Co-Authors: Wondwossen A. Gebreyes, Peter B. Bahnson, Julie A. Funk, James D. Mckean, Prapas PatchaneeAbstract:There has been a growing niche-market, outdoor, antimicrobial-free (ABF) Swine Production system in the last few years prompted by consumers' demand for a more "natural" pork product. The impact of such Production systems on reemergence of current and historically significant Swine-associated pathogens has not been determined. The objectives of the current study were to determine and compare Salmonella, Toxoplasma, and Trichinella seropositivity in two Swine Production systems: outdoor ABF and intensive indoor Production systems. These three foodborne pathogens represent those with the highest importance for pork consumption. A total of 675 serum samples from three participating states, Wisconsin, North Carolina, and Ohio, were investigated. We found significantly higher seroprevalence of Salmonella and Toxoplasma from ABF herds (54% and 7%, respectively) than conventional (39% and 1%, respectively) (p = 0.001). Two pigs, both from ABF herds, were found to be seropositive for Trichinella. The results from this preliminary study suggest that all three pathogens were more commonly present in pigs that were reared in an ABF, outdoor, niche-market type of environment than the conventional, indoor-reared herds though there were some geographical variation in Salmonella. This warrants a robust epidemiologic study to determine the role of various risk factors in the two Production systems that may lead to persistence of bacterial (Salmonella) pathogens and reemergence of parasites (such as Trichinella) of historical significance.
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Longitudinal study of Salmonella enterica in growing pigs reared in multiple-site Swine Production systems
Veterinary microbiology, 2001Co-Authors: Julie A. Funk, Peter R. Davies, M A. NicholsAbstract:Intensive longitudinal investigations of breeding and growing pig populations in two multiple-site Swine Production systems were conducted in NC, USA. Five cohorts of sows and individually identified growing pigs from their litters were serially sampled in order to determine the prevalence and serotypes of Salmonella enterica in each stage of Production based on fecal culture. In addition to fecal samples, feed and environmental samples were obtained. Fifteen different serotypes were isolated from the two systems, the most frequently isolated serotypes were S. typhimurium var Mbandaka and S. typhimurium var Copenhagen. Pig prevalence estimates ranged from 0 to 48.1%. Environmental contamination was frequently encountered despite cleaning and disinfection. Feed was rarely (2/800, 0.25%) identified as S. enterica positive. We observed highly variable patterns of S. enterica prevalence and serotype profiles within cohorts over time and among cohorts within systems. These observations indicate that point estimates of S. enterica prevalence and serotypes cannot be considered as reliable indicators of the S. enterica status of farms, and that uncontrolled studies of interventions to control S. enterica may yield misleading results. These findings are critical to the design of epidemiological studies of S. enterica on Swine farms and may suggest that cohort level, as opposed to farm or company level events or management practices, may be important as potential risk factors for S. enterica fecal shedding in market age pigs.
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Risk factors associated with Salmonella enterica prevalence in three-site Swine Production systems in North Carolina, USA.
Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 2001Co-Authors: Julie A. Funk, Peter R. Davies, Wondwossen A. GebreyesAbstract:The goal of this study was to identify risk factors associated with increased fecal shedding of Salmonella enterica (SE) in groups of market Swine reared in large three-site Production units. We conducted an intensive, long-term investigation of potential management and environmental risk factors operating during the growing phase of pig Production. Data regarding finisher site characteristics, biosecurity protocols, group growth performance, medication usage, and environmental temperature were collected. Results indicate that SE infection is common. Risk factors were identified at both the finisher site and group level. Biosecurity and hygiene practices (absence of a toilet, more than 2 people present at a finisher site daily, and other domestic species at the site), environmental temperature (winter and spring seasons, increased temperature variability, and below median high temperature the day of sampling), and Production performance (above median feed conversion) were associated with elevated SE prevalence. In addition, an association between the floor space allowances per pig at the time of sampling (a measure of the number of pigs sold prior to sampling) was identified, with greater space allowance associated with decreased prevalence. The results of this study identify potential management practices for evaluation for SE control and suggest caution in interpretation of fecal culture results when sampling from different marketing groups in Swine Production systems.
Peter B. Bahnson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seroprevalence of Trichinella, Toxoplasma, and Salmonella in antimicrobial-free and conventional Swine Production systems.
Foodborne pathogens and disease, 2008Co-Authors: Wondwossen A. Gebreyes, Peter B. Bahnson, Julie A. Funk, James D. Mckean, Prapas PatchaneeAbstract:There has been a growing niche-market, outdoor, antimicrobial-free (ABF) Swine Production system in the last few years prompted by consumers' demand for a more "natural" pork product. The impact of such Production systems on reemergence of current and historically significant Swine-associated pathogens has not been determined. The objectives of the current study were to determine and compare Salmonella, Toxoplasma, and Trichinella seropositivity in two Swine Production systems: outdoor ABF and intensive indoor Production systems. These three foodborne pathogens represent those with the highest importance for pork consumption. A total of 675 serum samples from three participating states, Wisconsin, North Carolina, and Ohio, were investigated. We found significantly higher seroprevalence of Salmonella and Toxoplasma from ABF herds (54% and 7%, respectively) than conventional (39% and 1%, respectively) (p = 0.001). Two pigs, both from ABF herds, were found to be seropositive for Trichinella. The results from this preliminary study suggest that all three pathogens were more commonly present in pigs that were reared in an ABF, outdoor, niche-market type of environment than the conventional, indoor-reared herds though there were some geographical variation in Salmonella. This warrants a robust epidemiologic study to determine the role of various risk factors in the two Production systems that may lead to persistence of bacterial (Salmonella) pathogens and reemergence of parasites (such as Trichinella) of historical significance.
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Testing an ecological model for transmission of Salmonella enterica in Swine Production ecosystems using genotyping data
Preventive veterinary medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Ronald M. Weigel, David A. Barber, Peter B. Bahnson, Richard E. Isaacson, Daniele Nucera, Baozhen Qiao, Belete Teferedegne, Dong Kyun Suh, Bryan A. WhiteAbstract:An ecological model for transmission of Salmonella enterica in Swine Production ecosystems was developed, identifying host species, environmental reservoirs, and temporal, spatial, and functional (i.e., stage of Production) dimensions. It was hypothesized that transmission was most likely within spatial and functional compartments, between hosts of the same species and abiotic compartments of the same type. Eighteen Swine Production systems in Illinois, USA, were sampled in four collection cycles (1998, 1999, 2000, 2003). There were 11,873 samples collected, including feces from Swine and other mammals and birds, and samples from insects, pen floors, boots, feed, and water. The 460 Salmonella isolates obtained were genotyped using repetitive sequence PCR with three primers-REP, BOX, and ERIC. All isolates from 2000 and 2003 were serotyped, as well as a subsample from 1998 and 1998. Genetic relatedness was estimated from the similarity of fragmentation patterns after gel electrophoresis of PCR products. Cluster analysis identified genetically related isolates. Linking of isolates in tight clusters (similarity >or=85%) was viewed as evidence for transmission. Five farms had a sufficient number of tight clusters for hypothesis testing. The factors most differentiating isolates genetically were farm of origin and time of sampling. Isolates were also differentiated genetically by site, building, room, and pen. There was no consistent association of genotype with stage of Production or host/environment reservoir. Serotype analysis confirmed that Salmonella lineages were differentiated by visit and site. Thus, Salmonella transmission was primarily over short distances, i.e., within the same pen or room, with some transmission between rooms and buildings on the same site, but with limited transmission between sites. Transmission was observed across a variety of ecological niches represented by different host species and environmental reservoirs. Genetic differences over time reflected multiple introductions into the ecosystem of different Salmonella genotypes, as well as evolutionary changes within lineages. Intervention strategies to reduce Salmonella prevalence within Swine Production ecosystems would be best targeted at maintaining spatial barriers to transmission, whereas intervention targeted at specific biological hosts or environmental reservoirs is less likely to be effective.
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Distribution of Salmonella in Swine Production ecosystems.
Journal of food protection, 2002Co-Authors: David A. Barber, Peter B. Bahnson, Richard E. Isaacson, Carl J. Jones, Ronald M. WeigelAbstract:The objective of this 2-year field survey was to sample multiple ecological compartments within Swine Production systems to identify potential sources of Salmonella infection for Swine. Twelve single-site Production systems within Illinois were identified by slaughter sampling to have detectable Salmonella in Swine and therefore selected for study. There were four visits to each farm during a 5-month period. Fecal samples were obtained from Swine and other wild and domestic mammals. Arthropods and environmental samples of feed, water, pen floors, boots, and bird feces were also collected. All 8,066 samples obtained were cultured to detect Salmonella. Salmonella was detected on 11 of the 12 farms. There were 206 positive cultures, including samples from Swine (83), pen floors (54), boots (32), flies (16), mice (9), cats (3), and birds (3). Swine shedding Salmonella in feces were detected on 9 of the 12 farms. The more Salmonella-abundant ecological compartments were cats (12% of samples positive), boots (11%), bird feces (8%), flies (6%), and mice (5%); 2.1% of 4,024 Swine samples were positive. All 221 feed samples were negative for Salmonella. There was a correlation between a farm having a high prevalence of shedding Salmonella in pigs and a high abundance on pen floors, flies, and boots. The most common serotypes detected were Derby, Agona, Worthington, and Uganda, which were distributed throughout the ecosystem, suggesting widespread transmission across ecological compartments. The ubiquitous distribution of Salmonella suggests that an effective control strategy must target multiple compartments of the Swine Production ecosystem.
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distribution of salmonella in Swine Production ecosystems
Journal of Food Protection, 2002Co-Authors: David A. Barber, Peter B. Bahnson, Richard E. Isaacson, Carl J. Jones, Ronald M. WeigelAbstract:The objective of this 2-year field survey was to sample multiple ecological compartments within Swine Production systems to identify potential sources of Salmonella infection for Swine. Twelve single-site Production systems within Illinois were identified by slaughter sampling to have detectable Salmonella in Swine and therefore selected for study. There were four visits to each farm during a 5-month period. Fecal samples were obtained from Swine and other wild and domestic mammals. Arthropods and environmental samples of feed, water, pen floors, boots, and bird feces were also collected. All 8,066 samples obtained were cultured to detect Salmonella. Salmonella was detected on 11 of the 12 farms. There were 206 positive cultures, including samples from Swine (83), pen floors (54), boots (32), flies (16), mice (9), cats (3), and birds (3). Swine shedding Salmonella in feces were detected on 9 of the 12 farms. The more Salmonella-abundant ecological compartments were cats (12% of samples positive), boots (1...
David A. Barber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Testing an ecological model for transmission of Salmonella enterica in Swine Production ecosystems using genotyping data
Preventive veterinary medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Ronald M. Weigel, David A. Barber, Peter B. Bahnson, Richard E. Isaacson, Daniele Nucera, Baozhen Qiao, Belete Teferedegne, Dong Kyun Suh, Bryan A. WhiteAbstract:An ecological model for transmission of Salmonella enterica in Swine Production ecosystems was developed, identifying host species, environmental reservoirs, and temporal, spatial, and functional (i.e., stage of Production) dimensions. It was hypothesized that transmission was most likely within spatial and functional compartments, between hosts of the same species and abiotic compartments of the same type. Eighteen Swine Production systems in Illinois, USA, were sampled in four collection cycles (1998, 1999, 2000, 2003). There were 11,873 samples collected, including feces from Swine and other mammals and birds, and samples from insects, pen floors, boots, feed, and water. The 460 Salmonella isolates obtained were genotyped using repetitive sequence PCR with three primers-REP, BOX, and ERIC. All isolates from 2000 and 2003 were serotyped, as well as a subsample from 1998 and 1998. Genetic relatedness was estimated from the similarity of fragmentation patterns after gel electrophoresis of PCR products. Cluster analysis identified genetically related isolates. Linking of isolates in tight clusters (similarity >or=85%) was viewed as evidence for transmission. Five farms had a sufficient number of tight clusters for hypothesis testing. The factors most differentiating isolates genetically were farm of origin and time of sampling. Isolates were also differentiated genetically by site, building, room, and pen. There was no consistent association of genotype with stage of Production or host/environment reservoir. Serotype analysis confirmed that Salmonella lineages were differentiated by visit and site. Thus, Salmonella transmission was primarily over short distances, i.e., within the same pen or room, with some transmission between rooms and buildings on the same site, but with limited transmission between sites. Transmission was observed across a variety of ecological niches represented by different host species and environmental reservoirs. Genetic differences over time reflected multiple introductions into the ecosystem of different Salmonella genotypes, as well as evolutionary changes within lineages. Intervention strategies to reduce Salmonella prevalence within Swine Production ecosystems would be best targeted at maintaining spatial barriers to transmission, whereas intervention targeted at specific biological hosts or environmental reservoirs is less likely to be effective.
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Distribution of Salmonella in Swine Production ecosystems.
Journal of food protection, 2002Co-Authors: David A. Barber, Peter B. Bahnson, Richard E. Isaacson, Carl J. Jones, Ronald M. WeigelAbstract:The objective of this 2-year field survey was to sample multiple ecological compartments within Swine Production systems to identify potential sources of Salmonella infection for Swine. Twelve single-site Production systems within Illinois were identified by slaughter sampling to have detectable Salmonella in Swine and therefore selected for study. There were four visits to each farm during a 5-month period. Fecal samples were obtained from Swine and other wild and domestic mammals. Arthropods and environmental samples of feed, water, pen floors, boots, and bird feces were also collected. All 8,066 samples obtained were cultured to detect Salmonella. Salmonella was detected on 11 of the 12 farms. There were 206 positive cultures, including samples from Swine (83), pen floors (54), boots (32), flies (16), mice (9), cats (3), and birds (3). Swine shedding Salmonella in feces were detected on 9 of the 12 farms. The more Salmonella-abundant ecological compartments were cats (12% of samples positive), boots (11%), bird feces (8%), flies (6%), and mice (5%); 2.1% of 4,024 Swine samples were positive. All 221 feed samples were negative for Salmonella. There was a correlation between a farm having a high prevalence of shedding Salmonella in pigs and a high abundance on pen floors, flies, and boots. The most common serotypes detected were Derby, Agona, Worthington, and Uganda, which were distributed throughout the ecosystem, suggesting widespread transmission across ecological compartments. The ubiquitous distribution of Salmonella suggests that an effective control strategy must target multiple compartments of the Swine Production ecosystem.
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distribution of salmonella in Swine Production ecosystems
Journal of Food Protection, 2002Co-Authors: David A. Barber, Peter B. Bahnson, Richard E. Isaacson, Carl J. Jones, Ronald M. WeigelAbstract:The objective of this 2-year field survey was to sample multiple ecological compartments within Swine Production systems to identify potential sources of Salmonella infection for Swine. Twelve single-site Production systems within Illinois were identified by slaughter sampling to have detectable Salmonella in Swine and therefore selected for study. There were four visits to each farm during a 5-month period. Fecal samples were obtained from Swine and other wild and domestic mammals. Arthropods and environmental samples of feed, water, pen floors, boots, and bird feces were also collected. All 8,066 samples obtained were cultured to detect Salmonella. Salmonella was detected on 11 of the 12 farms. There were 206 positive cultures, including samples from Swine (83), pen floors (54), boots (32), flies (16), mice (9), cats (3), and birds (3). Swine shedding Salmonella in feces were detected on 9 of the 12 farms. The more Salmonella-abundant ecological compartments were cats (12% of samples positive), boots (1...
