The Experts below are selected from a list of 258 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Benjamin F. Matthews - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A gene expression analysis of syncytia laser microdissected from the roots of the Glycine max (soybean) genotype PI 548402 (Peking) undergoing a resistant reaction after infection by Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode)
Plant Molecular Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Vincent P. Klink, Parsa Hosseini, Prachi Matsye, Nadim W. Alkharouf, Benjamin F. MatthewsAbstract:The Syncytium is a nurse cell formed within the roots of Glycine max by the plant parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines . Its development and maintenance are essential for nematode survival. The Syncytium appears to undergo two developmental phases during its maturation into a functional nurse cell. The first phase is a parasitism phase where the nematode establishes the molecular circuitry that during the second phase ensures a compatible interaction with the plant cell. The cytological features of syncytia undergoing susceptible or resistant reactions appear the same during the parasitism phase. Depending on the outcome of any defense response, the second phase is a period of Syncytium maintenance (susceptible reaction) or failure (resistant reaction). In the analyses presented here, the localized gene expression occurring at the Syncytium during the resistant reaction was studied. This was accomplished by isolating syncytial cells from Glycine max genotype Peking (PI 548402) by laser capture microdissection. Microarray analyses using the Affymetrix^® soybean GeneChip^® directly compared Peking syncytia undergoing a resistant reaction to those undergoing a susceptible reaction during the parasitism phase of the resistant reaction. Those analyses revealed lipoxygenase-9 and lipoxygenase-4 as the most highly induced genes in the resistant reaction. The analysis also identified induced levels of components of the phenylpropanoid pathway. These genes included phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chalcone isomerase, isoflavone reductase, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase and caffeic acid O -methyltransferase. The presence of induced levels of these genes implies the importance of jasmonic acid and phenylpropanoid signaling pathways locally at the site of the Syncytium during the resistance phase of the resistant reaction. The analysis also identified highly induced levels of four S -adenosylmethionine synthetase genes, the EARLY-RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 2 gene and the 14-3-3 gene known as GENERAL REGULATORY FACTOR 2. Subsequent analyses studied microdissected syncytial cells at 3, 6 and 9 days post infection (dpi) during the course of the resistant reaction, resulting in the identification of signature gene expression profiles at each time point in a single G. max genotype, Peking.
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laser capture microdissection lcm and expression analyses of glycine max soybean Syncytium containing root regions formed by the plant pathogen heterodera glycines soybean cyst nematode
Plant Molecular Biology, 2005Co-Authors: Vincent P. Klink, Nadim W. Alkharouf, Margaret H Macdonald, Benjamin F. MatthewsAbstract:Roots of soybean, Glycine max cv. Kent L. Merr., plants susceptible to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, were inoculated and allowed to develop feeding sites (syncytia) for 8 days. Root samples enriched in syncytial cells were collected using laser capture microdissection (LCM). RNA was extracted and used to make a cDNA library and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were produced and used for a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. RT-PCR results indicated enhanced expression of an aquaporin (GmPIP2,2), α-tubulin (GmTubA1), β-tubulin (GmTubB4) and several other genes in Syncytium-enriched samples as compared to samples extracted from whole roots. While RT-PCR data showed increased transcript levels of GmPIP2,2 from LCM tissue enriched in syncytial cells, in situ hybridization showed prominent GmPIP2,2 hybridization to RNA in the parenchymal cells tightly juxtaposed to the Syncytium. Immunolocalization indicated stronger α-tubulin signal within the Syncytium as compared to surrounding tissue. However, α-tubulin labeling appeared diffuse or clumped. Thus, LCM allowed for the isolation of tissue enriched for syncytial cells, providing material suitable for a variety of molecular analyses.
Tetsuya Higashiyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spatiotemporal deep imaging of Syncytium induced by the soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines
Protoplasma, 2017Co-Authors: Mina Ohtsu, Yoshikatsu Sato, Daisuke Kurihara, Takuya Suzaki, Masayoshi Kawaguchi, Daisuke Maruyama, Tetsuya HigashiyamaAbstract:Parasite infections cause dramatic anatomical and ultrastructural changes in host plants. Cyst nematodes are parasites that invade host roots and induce a specific feeding structure called a Syncytium. A Syncytium is a large multinucleate cell formed by cell wall dissolution-mediated cell fusion. The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is a major soybean pathogen. To investigate SCN infection and the Syncytium structure, we established an in planta deep imaging system using a clearing solution ClearSee and two-photon excitation microscopy (2PEM). Using this system, we found that several cells were incorporated into the Syncytium; the nuclei increased in size and the cell wall openings began to be visible at 2 days after inoculation (DAI). Moreover, at 14 DAI, in the Syncytium developed in the cortex, there were thickened concave cell wall pillars that resembled “Parthenon pillars.” In contrast, there were many thick board-like cell walls and rarely Parthenon pillars in the Syncytium developed in the stele. We revealed that the syncytia were classified into two types based on the pattern of the cell wall structures, which appeared to be determined by the position of the Syncytium inside roots. Our results provide new insights into the developmental process of Syncytium induced by cyst nematode and a better understanding of the three-dimensional structure of the Syncytium in host roots.
Vincent P. Klink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A gene expression analysis of syncytia laser microdissected from the roots of the Glycine max (soybean) genotype PI 548402 (Peking) undergoing a resistant reaction after infection by Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode)
Plant Molecular Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Vincent P. Klink, Parsa Hosseini, Prachi Matsye, Nadim W. Alkharouf, Benjamin F. MatthewsAbstract:The Syncytium is a nurse cell formed within the roots of Glycine max by the plant parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines . Its development and maintenance are essential for nematode survival. The Syncytium appears to undergo two developmental phases during its maturation into a functional nurse cell. The first phase is a parasitism phase where the nematode establishes the molecular circuitry that during the second phase ensures a compatible interaction with the plant cell. The cytological features of syncytia undergoing susceptible or resistant reactions appear the same during the parasitism phase. Depending on the outcome of any defense response, the second phase is a period of Syncytium maintenance (susceptible reaction) or failure (resistant reaction). In the analyses presented here, the localized gene expression occurring at the Syncytium during the resistant reaction was studied. This was accomplished by isolating syncytial cells from Glycine max genotype Peking (PI 548402) by laser capture microdissection. Microarray analyses using the Affymetrix^® soybean GeneChip^® directly compared Peking syncytia undergoing a resistant reaction to those undergoing a susceptible reaction during the parasitism phase of the resistant reaction. Those analyses revealed lipoxygenase-9 and lipoxygenase-4 as the most highly induced genes in the resistant reaction. The analysis also identified induced levels of components of the phenylpropanoid pathway. These genes included phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chalcone isomerase, isoflavone reductase, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase and caffeic acid O -methyltransferase. The presence of induced levels of these genes implies the importance of jasmonic acid and phenylpropanoid signaling pathways locally at the site of the Syncytium during the resistance phase of the resistant reaction. The analysis also identified highly induced levels of four S -adenosylmethionine synthetase genes, the EARLY-RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 2 gene and the 14-3-3 gene known as GENERAL REGULATORY FACTOR 2. Subsequent analyses studied microdissected syncytial cells at 3, 6 and 9 days post infection (dpi) during the course of the resistant reaction, resulting in the identification of signature gene expression profiles at each time point in a single G. max genotype, Peking.
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laser capture microdissection lcm and expression analyses of glycine max soybean Syncytium containing root regions formed by the plant pathogen heterodera glycines soybean cyst nematode
Plant Molecular Biology, 2005Co-Authors: Vincent P. Klink, Nadim W. Alkharouf, Margaret H Macdonald, Benjamin F. MatthewsAbstract:Roots of soybean, Glycine max cv. Kent L. Merr., plants susceptible to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, were inoculated and allowed to develop feeding sites (syncytia) for 8 days. Root samples enriched in syncytial cells were collected using laser capture microdissection (LCM). RNA was extracted and used to make a cDNA library and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were produced and used for a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. RT-PCR results indicated enhanced expression of an aquaporin (GmPIP2,2), α-tubulin (GmTubA1), β-tubulin (GmTubB4) and several other genes in Syncytium-enriched samples as compared to samples extracted from whole roots. While RT-PCR data showed increased transcript levels of GmPIP2,2 from LCM tissue enriched in syncytial cells, in situ hybridization showed prominent GmPIP2,2 hybridization to RNA in the parenchymal cells tightly juxtaposed to the Syncytium. Immunolocalization indicated stronger α-tubulin signal within the Syncytium as compared to surrounding tissue. However, α-tubulin labeling appeared diffuse or clumped. Thus, LCM allowed for the isolation of tissue enriched for syncytial cells, providing material suitable for a variety of molecular analyses.
T. Kambara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stable and unstable chaos states of receptor cell Syncytium and stochastic resonance without noise
Proceedings of International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN'97), 1997Co-Authors: H. Funakubo, Y. Kashimori, T. KambaraAbstract:We studied the dependence of response property of the Syncytium consisting of receptor cells on dynamics of collective ion channel gating in the cells, which are periodic, stably chaotic, and unstably chaotic. The dynamics of unstable chaos state synchronizes the potential variation of all receptor cells in the Syncytium induced by external stimuli. The Syncytium system in the stable and unstable chaos states can detect a weak periodic input signal without assistance of any level of noise.
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ICNN - Stable and unstable chaos states of receptor cell Syncytium and stochastic resonance without noise
Proceedings of International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN'97), 1997Co-Authors: H. Funakubo, Y. Kashimori, T. KambaraAbstract:We studied the dependence of response property of the Syncytium consisting of receptor cells on dynamics of collective ion channel gating in the cells, which are periodic, stably chaotic, and unstably chaotic. The dynamics of unstable chaos state synchronizes the potential variation of all receptor cells in the Syncytium induced by external stimuli. The Syncytium system in the stable and unstable chaos states can detect a weak periodic input signal without assistance of any level of noise.
Wen-xie Xu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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different distributions of interstitial cells of cajal and platelet derived growth factor receptor α positive cells in colonic smooth muscle cell interstitial cell of cajal platelet derived growth factor receptor α positive cell Syncytium in mice
World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2018Co-Authors: Chen Lu, Xu Huang, Hongli Lu, Jingyu Zang, Yujia Li, Jie Chen, Wen-xie XuAbstract:Different distributions of interstitial cells of Cajal and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α positive cells in colonic smooth muscle cell/interstitial cell of Cajal/platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α positive cell Syncytium in mice
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Physiological and pathophysiological meanings of gastrointestinal smooth muscle motor unit SIP Syncytium
Acta physiologica Sinica, 2016Co-Authors: Ni-na Song, Wen-xie XuAbstract:: Gastrointestinal smooth muscle layer contains two kinds of interstitial cells with special differentiation, i.e., interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-positive (PDGFRα+) cells. The ICC and PDGFRα+ cells contact with smooth muscle cells (SMCs) by gap junctions and regulate contractive function of the SMCs. Therefore, these three kinds of cells constitute a functional Syncytium, i.e., the SMC, ICC and PDGFRα+ cells Syncytium (SIP Syncytium). Various neurotransmitters, humoral factors, endogenous bioactive molecules, as well as drugs regulate gastrointestinal motility through the SIP Syncytium. In this review, we introduce the concept of SIP Syncytium and summarize functions of the Syncytium, as well as its physiological and pathological significances.
