T-2 Mycotoxin

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Ellen Borenfreund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

A. K. Sharma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Toxicopathological Alterations Induced by High Dose Dietary T-2 Mycotoxin and its Residue Detection in Wistar Rats
    Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Gauri A. Chandratre, A. G. Telang, Prarabdh C. Badgujar, Sachin S. Raut, A. K. Sharma
    Abstract:

    T-2 toxin is one of the most potent cytotoxic and food-borne Mycotoxins. Most experimental studies on the T-2 toxin have been performed at extremely low doses (ppb level). However, several field reports of contaminated feed have shown concentration of T-2 toxin to be as high as ≥20 ppm. Therefore, the impact of high dose T-2 toxin (20 ppm) after subacute exposure was investigated in an experimental setup with respect to growth performance, oxidative stress, and detailed pathomorphology in young male Wistar rats. Furthermore, to see the effect of such a high dose on the accumulation of T-2 toxin, its residues in various organs were quantified by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Apart from obvious clinical toxicosis, rats in the toxin-fed group showed significant hemato-biochemical alterations and increased levels of biological markers of oxidative stress with concomitant decrease in levels of serum and tissue catalase and superoxide dismutase. These alterations were strongly supported by histopathological changes, such as hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia of the squamous gastric mucosa, oxidative damage to hepatocytes, atrophy of the thymus and spleen, and overall decrease in the spermatogenic activity of testes. An economical, simple, reliable, and quick method for the detection and quantification of T-2 toxin residues by HPTLC is also reported here. No residual T-2 toxin was detected in any of the organs tested, suggesting that T-2 toxin does not accumulate in tissues even at such a high exposure level.

Harvey Babich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Gauri A. Chandratre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Toxicopathological Alterations Induced by High Dose Dietary T-2 Mycotoxin and its Residue Detection in Wistar Rats
    Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Gauri A. Chandratre, A. G. Telang, Prarabdh C. Badgujar, Sachin S. Raut, A. K. Sharma
    Abstract:

    T-2 toxin is one of the most potent cytotoxic and food-borne Mycotoxins. Most experimental studies on the T-2 toxin have been performed at extremely low doses (ppb level). However, several field reports of contaminated feed have shown concentration of T-2 toxin to be as high as ≥20 ppm. Therefore, the impact of high dose T-2 toxin (20 ppm) after subacute exposure was investigated in an experimental setup with respect to growth performance, oxidative stress, and detailed pathomorphology in young male Wistar rats. Furthermore, to see the effect of such a high dose on the accumulation of T-2 toxin, its residues in various organs were quantified by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Apart from obvious clinical toxicosis, rats in the toxin-fed group showed significant hemato-biochemical alterations and increased levels of biological markers of oxidative stress with concomitant decrease in levels of serum and tissue catalase and superoxide dismutase. These alterations were strongly supported by histopathological changes, such as hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia of the squamous gastric mucosa, oxidative damage to hepatocytes, atrophy of the thymus and spleen, and overall decrease in the spermatogenic activity of testes. An economical, simple, reliable, and quick method for the detection and quantification of T-2 toxin residues by HPTLC is also reported here. No residual T-2 toxin was detected in any of the organs tested, suggesting that T-2 toxin does not accumulate in tissues even at such a high exposure level.

  • Toxicopathological alterations induced by high dose dietary T-2 Mycotoxin and its residue detection in Wistar rats.
    Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Gauri A. Chandratre, A. G. Telang, Prarabdh C. Badgujar, Sachin S. Raut, Anil Kumar Sharma
    Abstract:

    T-2 toxin is one of the most potent cytotoxic and food-borne Mycotoxins. Most experimental studies on the T-2 toxin have been performed at extremely low doses (ppb level). However, several field reports of contaminated feed have shown concentration of T-2 toxin to be as high as ≥20 ppm. Therefore, the impact of high dose T-2 toxin (20 ppm) after subacute exposure was investigated in an experimental setup with respect to growth performance, oxidative stress, and detailed pathomorphology in young male Wistar rats. Furthermore, to see the effect of such a high dose on the accumulation of T-2 toxin, its residues in various organs were quantified by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Apart from obvious clinical toxicosis, rats in the toxin-fed group showed significant hemato-biochemical alterations and increased levels of biological markers of oxidative stress with concomitant decrease in levels of serum and tissue catalase and superoxide dismutase. These alterations were strongly supported by histopathological changes, such as hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia of the squamous gastric mucosa, oxidative damage to hepatocytes, atrophy of the thymus and spleen, and overall decrease in the spermatogenic activity of testes. An economical, simple, reliable, and quick method for the detection and quantification of T-2 toxin residues by HPTLC is also reported here. No residual T-2 toxin was detected in any of the organs tested, suggesting that T-2 toxin does not accumulate in tissues even at such a high exposure level.

J. D. Thurman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Comparative acute inhalation toxicity of a saline suspension and an ethanol solution of T-2 Mycotoxin in mice. (Reannouncement with new availability information)
    1993
    Co-Authors: D. A. Creasia, J. D. Thurman
    Abstract:

    We compared retention, distribution, toxicity, and histopathological change in mice after exposure to aerosols of T-2 suspended in saline or dissolved in ethanol. We found that the LC50 for mice exposed for 10 min to an aerosol of a saline suspension of T-2 was 0.035 plus or minus 0.02 T-2 per liter of air, which was lower than the LC50 (0.380 plus or minus 0.08 mg T-2 per liter air) for an aerosol of T-2 dissolved in ethanol. However, within about 15 min postexposure, most of the T-2 deposited in the respiratory tract was translocated from the respiratory tract regardless of whether the T-2 aerosol was from a saline suspension or ethanol solution. Also, although T-2 is an inflammatory agent to dermis and gastrointestinal epithelium, T-2 from either aerosol did not produce any histological evidence of inflammation in the respiratory tract.

  • Comparative Acute Inhalation Toxicity of a Saline Suspension and an Ethanol Solution of T-2 Mycotoxin in Mice
    Inhalation Toxicology, 1993
    Co-Authors: D. A. Creasia, J. D. Thurman
    Abstract:

    AbstractWe compared retention, distribution, toxicity, and histopathological change in mice after exposure to aerosols of T-2 suspended in saline or dissolved in ethanol. We found that the LC50 for mice exposed for 10 min to an aerosol of a saline suspension of T-2 was 0.035 ± 0.02 mg T-2 per liter air, which was lower than the LC50 (0.380 ± 0.08 mg T-2 per liter air) for an aerosol of T-2 dissolved in ethanol. However, within about 15 min postexposure, most of the T-2 deposited in the respiratory tract was translocated from the respiratory tract regardless of whether the T-2 aerosol was from a saline suspension or ethanol solution. Also, although T-2 is an inflammatory agent to dermis and gastrointestinal epithelium, T-2 from either aerosol did not produce any histological evidence of inflammation in the respiratory tract.

  • Acute Inhalation Toxicity of T-2 Mycotoxin in the Rat and Guinea Pig
    Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, 1990
    Co-Authors: D. A. Creasia, J. D. Thurman, R. W. Wannemacher, D. L. Bunner
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this study, concentration-response parameters were determined for rats and guinea pigs systematically exposed to an aerosol of T-2 toxin. The LC50 for a 10-min exposure to T-2 toxin aerosol was 0.02 mg T-2/liter air for rats and 0.21 mg T-2/liter air for guinea pigs. Data from total T-2 deposition in rats and guinea pigs exposed to their respective LC50 aerosol concentration gave an LD50 of 0.05 mg T-2/kg body weight for the rat and 0.4 mg T-2/kg body weight for the guinea pig. These data show that inhaled T-2 toxin is approximately 20 times more toxic to the rat (0.05 mg T-2/kg body wt inhaled vs 1.0 mg T-2/kg body wt ip) and at least twice as toxic to the guinea pig (0.4 mg T-2/kg body wt inhaled vs 1–2 mg T-2/kg body wt ip) than ip administered T-2 toxin. Histopathologic examination of major organs in both the rat and guinea pig after respiratory exposure to T-2 toxin indicated that lesions were similar to those described after systemic administration of the toxin. Gross and microscopic alterations of respiratory tract tissue after T-2 aerosol exposure were minimal and could not account for the increase in toxicity.