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Richard Yanagihara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic diversity and geographic distribution of bat borne hantaviruses
Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 2020Co-Authors: Satoru Arai, Richard YanagiharaAbstract:The recent discovery that multiple species of shrews and moles (order Eulipotyphla, families Soricidae and Talpidae) from Europe, Asia, Africa and/or North America harbour genetically distinct viruses belonging to the family Hantaviridae (order Bunyavirales) has prompted a further exploration of their host diversification. In analysing thousands of frozen, RNAlater-preserved and ethanol-fixed tissues from bats (order Chiroptera) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), ten hantaviruses have been detected to date in bat species belonging to the suborder Yinpterochiroptera (families Hipposideridae, Pteropodidae and Rhinolophidae) and the suborder Yangochiroptera (families Emballonuriade, Nycteridae and Vespertilionidae). Of these, six hantaviruses are from Asia (Xuân Son virus and Dakrong virus in Vietnam; Laibin virus in China and Myanmar; Huangpi virus and Longquan virus in China; and Quezon virus in the Philippines); three are from Africa (Mouyassue virus in Cote d'Ivoire and Ethiopia; Magboi virus in Sierra Leone; and Makokou virus in Gabon); and one from Europe (Brno virus in the Czech Republic). Molecular identification of many more bat-borne hantaviruses is expected. However, thus far, none of these newfound viruses has been isolated in cell culture and it is unclear if they cause infection or disease in humans. Future research must focus on myriad unanswered questions about the genetic diversity and geographic distribution, as well as the pathogenic potential, of bat-borne viruses of the family Hantaviridae.
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Evolutionary insights from a genetically divergent hantavirus harbored by the European common mole (Talpa europaea). PLoS One 2009
2016Co-Authors: Hae Ji Kang, Satoru Arai, Andrew G. Hope, Joseph A. Cook, Jin-won Song, Shannon N. Bennett, Laarni Sumibcay, Gabor Mocz, Richard YanagiharaAbstract:Background: The discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses in shrews (Order Soricomorpha, Family Soricidae) from widely separated geographic regions challenges the hypothesis that rodents (Order Rodentia, Family Muridae and Cricetidae) are the primordial reservoir hosts of hantaviruses and also predicts that other soricomorphs harbor hantaviruses. Recently, novel hantavirus genomes have been detected in moles of the Family Talpidae, including the Japanese shrew mole (Urotrichus talpoides) and American shrew mole (Neurotrichus gibbsii). We present new insights into the evolutionary history of hantaviruses gained from a highly divergent hantavirus, designated Nova virus (NVAV), identified in the European common mole (Talpa europaea) captured in Hungary. Methodology/Principal Findings: Pair-wise alignment and comparison of the full-length S- and L-genomic segments indicated moderately low sequence similarity of 54–65 % and 46–63 % at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, between NVAV and representative rodent- and soricid-borne hantaviruses. Despite the high degree of sequence divergence, the predicted secondary structure of the NVAV nucleocapsid protein exhibited the characteristic coiled-coil domains at the amino-terminal end, and the L-segment motifs, typically found in hantaviruses, were well conserved. Phylogenetic analyses, using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, showed that NVAV formed a distinct clade that was evolutionarily distant from all other hantaviruses
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Isolation and partial characterization of a highly divergent lineage of hantavirus from the European mole (Talpa europaea)
Scientific Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Se Hun Gu, Janusz Hejduk, Janusz Markowski, Marcin Markowski, Mukesh Kumar, Beata Sikorska, Paweł P. Liberski, Richard YanagiharaAbstract:Genetically distinct hantaviruses have been identified in five species of fossorial moles (order Eulipotyphla, family Talpidae) from Eurasia and North America. Here, we report the isolation and partial characterization of a highly divergent hantavirus, named Nova virus (NVAV), from lung tissue of a European mole ( Talpa europaea ), captured in central Poland in August 2013. Typical hantavirus-like particles, measuring 80–120 nm in diameter, were found in NVAV-infected Vero E6 cells by transmission electron microscopy. Whole-genome sequences of the isolate, designated NVAV strain Te34, were identical to that amplified from the original lung tissue and phylogenetic analysis of the full-length L, M and S segments, using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, showed that NVAV was most closely related to hantaviruses harbored by insectivorous bats, consistent with an ancient evolutionary origin. Infant Swiss Webster mice, inoculated with NVAV by the intraperitoneal route, developed weight loss and hyperactivity, beginning at 16 days, followed by hind-limb paralysis and death. High NVAV RNA copies were detected in lung, liver, kidney, spleen and brain by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Neuropathological examination showed astrocytic and microglial activation and neuronal loss. The first mole-borne hantavirus isolate will facilitate long-overdue studies on its infectivity and pathogenic potential in humans.
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high prevalence of nova hantavirus infection in the european mole talpa europaea in france
Epidemiology and Infection, 2014Co-Authors: Jerome Dormion, Jeanpierre Hugot, Richard YanagiharaAbstract:Received 23 May 2013; Final revision 31 July 2013; Accepted 13 August 2013SUMMARYRecent discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses in shrews and moles (order Soricomorpha,family Soricidae and Talpidae) has challenged the conventional view that rodents serve as theprincipal reservoir hosts. Nova virus (NVAV), previously identified in archival liver tissue ofa single European mole (Talpa europaea) from Hungary, represents one of the most highlydivergent hantaviruses identified to date. To ascertain the spatial distribution and geneticdiversity of NVAV, we employed RT–PCR to analyse lungs from 94 moles, captured in twolocations in France, during October 2012 to March 2013. NVAV was detected in more than60% of moles at each location, suggesting efficient enzootic virus transmission and confirmingthat this mole species serves as the reservoir host. Although the pathogenic potential of NVAVis unknown, the widespread geographical distribution of the European mole might pose ahantavirus exposure risk for humans.Key words: France, hantavirus, mole, phylogeny, Talpa.Rodents of multiple species in Europe, notablythe bank vole (Myodes glareolus), common vole(Microtus arvalis), field vole (Microtus agrestis),yellow-necked field mouse (Apodemus flavicollis),Black Sea field mouse (Apodemus ponticus) andstriped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), harbourgenetically distinct hantaviruses (genus Hantavirus,family Bunyaviridae) [1–3]. Some of these hanta-viruses, such as Puumala virus and Dobrava virus,cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in Europe, while others, such as Tula virusand Tatenale virus, are not known to be pathogenic.As evidenced by the detection of HFRS antigensby enzyme immunoassay, shrews and moles (orderSoricomorpha, family Soricidae and Talpidae), cap-tured in European Russia, were suspected of servingas reservoir hosts of hantaviruses more than 30 yearsago [4, 5]. Although the specificity of such antigen-detection methods is uncertain, recent studies, usingsensitive molecular-based technology, have unequi-vocally demonstrated that the hantaviruses hostedby several soricomorph species in Europe are farmore genetically diverse than rodent-borne hanta-viruses [6–11].To date, one of the most highly divergent lineagesof hantaviruses is represented by Nova virus
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shared ancestry between a newfound mole borne hantavirus and hantaviruses harbored by cricetid rodents
Journal of Virology, 2011Co-Authors: Hae Ji Kang, Andrew G. Hope, Joseph A. Cook, Shannon N. Bennett, Richard YanagiharaAbstract:Discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses in multiple species of shrews (order Soricomorpha, family Soricidae) and moles (family Talpidae) contests the conventional view that rodents (order Rodentia, families Muridae and Cricetidae) are the principal reservoir hosts and suggests that the evolutionary history of hantaviruses is far more complex than previously hypothesized. We now report on Rockport virus (RKPV), a hantavirus identified in archival tissues of the eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus) collected in Rockport, TX, in 1986. Pairwise comparison of the full-length S, M, and L genomic segments indicated moderately low sequence similarity between RKPV and other soricomorph-borne hantaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses, using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, showed that RKPV shared a most recent common ancestor with cricetid-rodent-borne hantaviruses. Distributed widely across the eastern United States, the fossorial eastern mole is sympatric and syntopic with cricetid rodents known to harbor hantaviruses, raising the possibility of host-switching events in the distant past. Our findings warrant more-detailed investigations on the dynamics of spillover and cross-species transmission of present-day hantaviruses within communities of rodents and moles.
Hae Ji Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evolutionary insights from a genetically divergent hantavirus harbored by the European common mole (Talpa europaea). PLoS One 2009
2016Co-Authors: Hae Ji Kang, Satoru Arai, Andrew G. Hope, Joseph A. Cook, Jin-won Song, Shannon N. Bennett, Laarni Sumibcay, Gabor Mocz, Richard YanagiharaAbstract:Background: The discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses in shrews (Order Soricomorpha, Family Soricidae) from widely separated geographic regions challenges the hypothesis that rodents (Order Rodentia, Family Muridae and Cricetidae) are the primordial reservoir hosts of hantaviruses and also predicts that other soricomorphs harbor hantaviruses. Recently, novel hantavirus genomes have been detected in moles of the Family Talpidae, including the Japanese shrew mole (Urotrichus talpoides) and American shrew mole (Neurotrichus gibbsii). We present new insights into the evolutionary history of hantaviruses gained from a highly divergent hantavirus, designated Nova virus (NVAV), identified in the European common mole (Talpa europaea) captured in Hungary. Methodology/Principal Findings: Pair-wise alignment and comparison of the full-length S- and L-genomic segments indicated moderately low sequence similarity of 54–65 % and 46–63 % at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, between NVAV and representative rodent- and soricid-borne hantaviruses. Despite the high degree of sequence divergence, the predicted secondary structure of the NVAV nucleocapsid protein exhibited the characteristic coiled-coil domains at the amino-terminal end, and the L-segment motifs, typically found in hantaviruses, were well conserved. Phylogenetic analyses, using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, showed that NVAV formed a distinct clade that was evolutionarily distant from all other hantaviruses
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shared ancestry between a newfound mole borne hantavirus and hantaviruses harbored by cricetid rodents
Journal of Virology, 2011Co-Authors: Hae Ji Kang, Andrew G. Hope, Joseph A. Cook, Shannon N. Bennett, Richard YanagiharaAbstract:Discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses in multiple species of shrews (order Soricomorpha, family Soricidae) and moles (family Talpidae) contests the conventional view that rodents (order Rodentia, families Muridae and Cricetidae) are the principal reservoir hosts and suggests that the evolutionary history of hantaviruses is far more complex than previously hypothesized. We now report on Rockport virus (RKPV), a hantavirus identified in archival tissues of the eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus) collected in Rockport, TX, in 1986. Pairwise comparison of the full-length S, M, and L genomic segments indicated moderately low sequence similarity between RKPV and other soricomorph-borne hantaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses, using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, showed that RKPV shared a most recent common ancestor with cricetid-rodent-borne hantaviruses. Distributed widely across the eastern United States, the fossorial eastern mole is sympatric and syntopic with cricetid rodents known to harbor hantaviruses, raising the possibility of host-switching events in the distant past. Our findings warrant more-detailed investigations on the dynamics of spillover and cross-species transmission of present-day hantaviruses within communities of rodents and moles.
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evolutionary insights from a genetically divergent hantavirus harbored by the european common mole talpa europaea
PLOS ONE, 2009Co-Authors: Hae Ji Kang, Satoru Arai, Andrew G. Hope, Joseph A. Cook, Jin-won Song, Shannon N. Bennett, Laarni Sumibcay, Gabor Mocz, Richard YanagiharaAbstract:Background The discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses in shrews (Order Soricomorpha, Family Soricidae) from widely separated geographic regions challenges the hypothesis that rodents (Order Rodentia, Family Muridae and Cricetidae) are the primordial reservoir hosts of hantaviruses and also predicts that other soricomorphs harbor hantaviruses. Recently, novel hantavirus genomes have been detected in moles of the Family Talpidae, including the Japanese shrew mole (Urotrichus talpoides) and American shrew mole (Neurotrichus gibbsii). We present new insights into the evolutionary history of hantaviruses gained from a highly divergent hantavirus, designated Nova virus (NVAV), identified in the European common mole (Talpa europaea) captured in Hungary.
Shin-ichiro Kawada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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skull variation in asian moles of the genus euroscaptor eulipotyphla Talpidae in vietnam
Mammal Study, 2020Co-Authors: Bui Tuan Hai, Shin-ichiro Kawada, Masaharu Motokawa, Alexei V Abramov, Nguyen Truong SonAbstract:The patterns of morphometric variation in skulls among different species and among intraspecies geographic populations, of five taxa (four species and one subspecies) of the mole genus Euroscaptor from Vietnam were investigated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted based on 16 measurements of 140 specimens. Four groups based on skull size and shape were identified: 1. E. kuznetsovi + E. orlovi, 2. E. subanura, 3. E. parvidens ngoclinhensis, and 4. E. p. parvidens. Euroscaptor p. parvidens and E. p. ngoclinhensis clearly differed in overall size, proportions, and allometry trends. Therefore, E. p. parvidens and E. p. ngoclinhensis likely represent distinct species. Our analysis also revealed remarkable interspecies and geographic variations in 18 Vietnamese populations of studied taxa. Based on morphological divergence patterns, previous molecular evidence, and data on geographic distribution, we discuss the importance of geographical isolation caused by rivers, mountains, and altitudinal distribution.
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molecular phylogeny of east and southeast asian fossorial moles lipotyphla Talpidae
Journal of Mammalogy, 2014Co-Authors: Akio Shinohara, Shin-ichiro Kawada, Nguyen Truong Son, Chihiro Koshimoto, Hideki Endo, Dang Ngoc Can, Hitoshi SuzukiAbstract:The diversity of fossorial moles in East and Southeast Asia is contained in the 2 species-rich genera Mogera (8 species) and Euroscaptor (8 or more species), and the 3 monospecific genera Scapanulus, Scaptochirus, and Parascaptor. To better understand the evolution and biogeography of these fossorial moles, we conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial cytochrome-b (Cytb; 1,140 base pairs [bp]) and 12S rRNA (approximately 830 bp) and nuclear recombination activating gene 1 (Rag1; 1,010 bp) gene sequences from 5 species of Euroscaptor ,6o fMogera, and the single species of Scaptochirus. Phylogenetic estimates revealed 5 distinct lineages of East and Southeast Asian fossorial moles: Mogera, Scaptochirus, Euroscaptor mizura, E. parvidens, and E. malayana–E. klossi–E. longirostris. Our results support the monophyly of Mogera but not Euroscaptor, indicating a need for taxonomic revision of the latter genus. We hypothesize that Mogera originated in the central portion of its range and then dispersed to peripheral islands, such as Taiwan and the Japanese Islands. The fragmented distribution of Southeast Asian Euroscaptor presumably arose from habitat competition (invasion) from Mogera species, long-range dispersal, vicariance events, or a combination of these, explaining the high species richness of fossorial moles in this region.
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a new species of mole of the genus euroscaptor soricomorpha Talpidae from northern vietnam
Journal of Mammalogy, 2012Co-Authors: Shin-ichiro Kawada, Nguyen Truong Son, Dang Ngoc CanAbstract:A new species of talpine mole from northern Vietnam is described and compared with other species of the genus Euroscaptor. This small mole was assigned to the genus Euroscaptor on the basis of its dental formula, but it also shows unique morphological and karyological characteristics. The new species is externally similar to E. parvidens from southern Vietnam, possessing warty protuberances on the muzzle not seen in other members of this genus. The tail of the new species is much shorter than in E. parvidens and E. malayana, both known to have short tails. The tail is not visible under the fur in the dorsal view, giving it an almost tailless appearance. The skull of the new species is similar to that of E. longirostris, but the palate is characteristically wider. The molars of the upper jaw are of a simple triangular shape, and there is no hypoconulid in the lower molars. The diploid number of the new species was determined to be 2n 5 38, which is a new karyotype for this genus. This mole inhabits the lower elevational areas of northern Vietnam and is partially peripatric with E. longirostris in the type locality. Because of the distribution of another taxon in northern Vietnam, Mogera latouchei, the ecological relationships among 4 species of Vietnamese moles also is discussed.
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dental anomalies in four mole species of the genus mogera insectivora Talpidae from japan
2011Co-Authors: Shin-ichiro Kawada, Hideki Endo, Kazuhiro KoyasuAbstract:Dental anomaly was examined in four species of Japanese moles of the genus Mogera collected from several localities. Any anomalies were observed when more than 30 specimens were considered in each locality. The frequency of dental anomalies varied 1.6% to 17.5 % among localities. Among species, observed anomalies were the highest in M. tokudae besides its smallest sample number (N� 57) and the lowest in M. imaizumii (1.8%). Observed dental anomalies were categorized as absent, supernumerary, and connate teeth, and most of them were found on the pre- molar region. Tooth absence was observed on first and second premolars in all four species. The supernumerary teeth were observed only in Kagawa population of M. wogura. Most of them were single additional tooth, but one specimen had three excessive teeth positioned lingually on the right upper jaw side. Only one case with supernumerary canines in both upper jaw sides, was reported at first in talpid species. The connate teeth were not frequent but seen in M. tokudae and M. wogura. Our results indicate that there are interspecific and local differences of dentition, possibly con- trolled by a genetic system.
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karyotype evolution of shrew moles soricomorpha Talpidae
Journal of Mammalogy, 2008Co-Authors: Shin-ichiro Kawada, Yingxiang Wang, Orin B Mock, Senichi Oda, Kevin L CampbellAbstract:The Chinese long-tailed mole (Scaptonyx fusicaudus) closely resembles American (Neurotrichus gibbsii) and Japanese (Dymecodon pilirostris and Urotrichus talpoides) shrew moles in size, appearance, and ecological habits, yet it has traditionally been classified either together with (viz subfamily Urotrichinae) or separately (tribe Scaptonychini) from the latter genera (tribe Urotrichini sensu lato). We explored the merit of these competing hypotheses by comparing the differentially stained karyotypes of S. fusicaudus and N. gibbsii with those previously reported for both Japanese taxa. With few exceptions, diploid chromosome number (2n = 34), fundamental autosomal number (FNa = 64), relative size, and G-banding pattern of S. fusicaudus were indistinguishable from those of D. pilirostris and U. talpoides. In fact, only chromosome 15 differed significantly between these species, being acrocentric in D. pilirostris, subtelocentric in U. talpoides, and metacentric in S. fusicaudus. This striking similarity is difficult to envisage except in light of a shared common ancestry, and is indicative of an exceptionally low rate of chromosomal evolution among these genera. Conversely, the karyotype of N. gibbsii deviates markedly in diploid chromosome and fundamental autosomal number (2n = 38 and FNa = 72, respectively), morphology, and G-banding pattern from those of Scaptonyx and the Japanese shrew moles. These differences cannot be explained by simple chromosomal rearrangements, and suggest that rapid chromosomal reorganization occurred in the karyotype evolution of this species, possibly due to founder or bottleneck events.
Satoru Arai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic diversity and geographic distribution of bat borne hantaviruses
Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 2020Co-Authors: Satoru Arai, Richard YanagiharaAbstract:The recent discovery that multiple species of shrews and moles (order Eulipotyphla, families Soricidae and Talpidae) from Europe, Asia, Africa and/or North America harbour genetically distinct viruses belonging to the family Hantaviridae (order Bunyavirales) has prompted a further exploration of their host diversification. In analysing thousands of frozen, RNAlater-preserved and ethanol-fixed tissues from bats (order Chiroptera) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), ten hantaviruses have been detected to date in bat species belonging to the suborder Yinpterochiroptera (families Hipposideridae, Pteropodidae and Rhinolophidae) and the suborder Yangochiroptera (families Emballonuriade, Nycteridae and Vespertilionidae). Of these, six hantaviruses are from Asia (Xuân Son virus and Dakrong virus in Vietnam; Laibin virus in China and Myanmar; Huangpi virus and Longquan virus in China; and Quezon virus in the Philippines); three are from Africa (Mouyassue virus in Cote d'Ivoire and Ethiopia; Magboi virus in Sierra Leone; and Makokou virus in Gabon); and one from Europe (Brno virus in the Czech Republic). Molecular identification of many more bat-borne hantaviruses is expected. However, thus far, none of these newfound viruses has been isolated in cell culture and it is unclear if they cause infection or disease in humans. Future research must focus on myriad unanswered questions about the genetic diversity and geographic distribution, as well as the pathogenic potential, of bat-borne viruses of the family Hantaviridae.
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molecular phylogeny of a genetically divergent hantavirus harbored by the geoffroy s rousette rousettus amplexicaudatus a frugivorous bat species in the philippines
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Satoru Arai, Satoshi Taniguchi, Keita Aoki, Yasuhiro Yoshikawa, Shigeru Kyuwa, Keiko Tanakataya, Joseph S Masangkay, Tsutomu Omatsu, Roberto Puentespina, Shumpei WatanabeAbstract:The recent discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses in multiple species of shrews and moles (order Eulipotyphla, families Soricidae and Talpidae) prompted a further exploration of their host diversification and geographic distribution by analyzing lung tissues from 376 fruit bats representing six genera (order Chiroptera, suborder Yinpterochiroptera, family Pteropodidae), collected in the Republic of the Philippines during 2008 to 2013. Hantavirus RNA was detected by RT-PCR in one of 15 Geoffroy's rousettes (Rousettus amplexicaudatus), captured in Quezon Memorial National Park on Luzon Island in 2009. Phylogenetic analyses of the S, M and L segments, using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, showed that the newfound hantavirus, designated Quezon virus (QZNV), shared a common ancestry with hantaviruses hosted by insectivorous bats, in keeping with their evolutionary relationships and suggests that ancestral bats may have served as the early or original mammalian hosts of primordial hantaviruses. As the first hantavirus detected in a megabat or flying fox species, QZNV extends our knowledge about the reservoir host range.
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Evolutionary insights from a genetically divergent hantavirus harbored by the European common mole (Talpa europaea). PLoS One 2009
2016Co-Authors: Hae Ji Kang, Satoru Arai, Andrew G. Hope, Joseph A. Cook, Jin-won Song, Shannon N. Bennett, Laarni Sumibcay, Gabor Mocz, Richard YanagiharaAbstract:Background: The discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses in shrews (Order Soricomorpha, Family Soricidae) from widely separated geographic regions challenges the hypothesis that rodents (Order Rodentia, Family Muridae and Cricetidae) are the primordial reservoir hosts of hantaviruses and also predicts that other soricomorphs harbor hantaviruses. Recently, novel hantavirus genomes have been detected in moles of the Family Talpidae, including the Japanese shrew mole (Urotrichus talpoides) and American shrew mole (Neurotrichus gibbsii). We present new insights into the evolutionary history of hantaviruses gained from a highly divergent hantavirus, designated Nova virus (NVAV), identified in the European common mole (Talpa europaea) captured in Hungary. Methodology/Principal Findings: Pair-wise alignment and comparison of the full-length S- and L-genomic segments indicated moderately low sequence similarity of 54–65 % and 46–63 % at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, between NVAV and representative rodent- and soricid-borne hantaviruses. Despite the high degree of sequence divergence, the predicted secondary structure of the NVAV nucleocapsid protein exhibited the characteristic coiled-coil domains at the amino-terminal end, and the L-segment motifs, typically found in hantaviruses, were well conserved. Phylogenetic analyses, using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, showed that NVAV formed a distinct clade that was evolutionarily distant from all other hantaviruses
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evolutionary insights from a genetically divergent hantavirus harbored by the european common mole talpa europaea
PLOS ONE, 2009Co-Authors: Hae Ji Kang, Satoru Arai, Andrew G. Hope, Joseph A. Cook, Jin-won Song, Shannon N. Bennett, Laarni Sumibcay, Gabor Mocz, Richard YanagiharaAbstract:Background The discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses in shrews (Order Soricomorpha, Family Soricidae) from widely separated geographic regions challenges the hypothesis that rodents (Order Rodentia, Family Muridae and Cricetidae) are the primordial reservoir hosts of hantaviruses and also predicts that other soricomorphs harbor hantaviruses. Recently, novel hantavirus genomes have been detected in moles of the Family Talpidae, including the Japanese shrew mole (Urotrichus talpoides) and American shrew mole (Neurotrichus gibbsii). We present new insights into the evolutionary history of hantaviruses gained from a highly divergent hantavirus, designated Nova virus (NVAV), identified in the European common mole (Talpa europaea) captured in Hungary.
Ernesto Capanna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular systematics and evolutionary biogeography of the genus Talpa (Soricomorpha: Talpidae).
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2010Co-Authors: Paolo Colangelo, Anna A. Bannikova, Boris Krystufek, Vladimir S. Lebedev, Flavia Annesi, Ernesto CapannaAbstract:Abstract The range of the genus Talpa covers almost all Europe up to Western Asia. This genus has never been the object of comprehensive systematic studies using molecular and genetic techniques, such that the evolutionary relationships among species remain unclear. Talpa shows high levels of endemism, and the influence of past glaciation cycles on the distribution pattern of several species has been hypothesized. In this work, we assessed the molecular systematics of the genus using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b from eight of the nine extant species of Talpa moles. Furthermore, molecular clock estimations were used to hypothesize a biogeographic scenario in concordance with fossil data. Results suggest a monophyletic origin of the genus and a common ancestor for the western European moles T. europaea , T. caeca , T. romana and T. occidentalis . The eastern species T. altaica and T. caucasica are basally divergent. The estimated ages of divergence among lineages are in accordance with a Miocene origin of the extant moles. The genus likely originated in Asia, spreading into Europe during the Pliocene. The evolution of moles appears to have been driven by changes in moisture levels that influenced extinction and speciation events during the Miocene and the Pliocene. Pleistocene climatic oscillations likely caused the range shrinkages and expansions that led to the current distribution pattern of most Talpa species.
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comparative cytogenetics of moles eulipotyphla Talpidae chromosomal differences in talpa romana and t europaea
Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 2008Co-Authors: Ekaterina Gornung, Ernesto Capanna, Marianne Volleth, Riccardo CastigliaAbstract:The genus Talpa is the most specious and widespread one in the family Talpidae. The existing karyological records are predominantly basic morphological descriptions. To further inve
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origin and evolution of western european moles genus talpa insectivora a multidisciplinary approach
Mammal Study, 2005Co-Authors: Paolo Colangelo, Flavia Annesi, Ernesto CapannaAbstract:ABSTRACT The European representatives of the subfamily Talpinae belong to the monophyletic genus Talpa. Five out of the nine species of Talpa occur in Western Europe. A wide central area is occupied by Talpa europaea, while the small sized Talpa caeca occurs in southern Europe. Three endemic species are restricted to the peripheral areas of the genus range and show a parapatric distribution with respect to T. europaea, i.e. the Iberian T. occidentalis, the southern Italian T. romana and the Balkan T. stankovici. The karyotypes of moles are very conservative, with the majority of the species showing 2n = 34. Allozyme data first allowed to assess the specific status of endemic taxa and the low levels of heterozygosity. Nei's genetic distances suggest that T. occidentalis, T. romana and T. stankovici early diverged from an europaea–caeca line. Preliminary results from mtDNA analyses strongly support the monophyly of Western European moles, but are still not able to solve the relationships within this clade. ...
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the gametogenetic cycle of two syntopic populations of moles talpa romana and talpa europaea mammalia insectivora Talpidae
Italian Journal of Zoology, 2003Co-Authors: Francesca Beolchini, Lorena Rebecchi, Roberto Bertolani, Ernesto CapannaAbstract:Abstract The gametogenetic activity of two syntopic populations of moles, Talpa romana and T. europaea (Mammalia, Insectivora, Talpidae), was compared. The testes and the ovaries of 42 specimens of T. romana and of 41 specimens of T. europaea were his‐tologically characterised. Male gametogenetic activity was shown by the presence of spermatozoa in the epididymis. The diameter of seminiferous tubules was also measured. Female gametogenetic activity was evaluated on the basis of the number of secondary and pluristratified primary follicles in the ovary. Though not identical, the gametogenetic cycle of T. romana largely overlaps that of T. europaea. Moreover, for the two populations of moles a relationship between the duration of the reproductive activity and climatic and latitude‐dependent parameters is suggested.