The Experts below are selected from a list of 108 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kailash Chandra Khulbe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Catalytic effect of Athabasca Tar Sand matrix on thermal decomposition of bitumen, hexene and hexane
Fuel Processing Technology, 1994Co-Authors: Kailash Chandra Khulbe, A.-m. Lamarche, G. Lamarche, R.s. Mann, J.a. MacpheeAbstract:The thermal decomposition of dichloromethane extracted Athabasca Tar Sand bitumen and Athabasca Tar Sand itself was studied in a stream of 30 ml/min helium at temperatures in the range 350–550°C. The volatile products obtained were analyzed by gas chromatography. It was observed that the products were mostly comprised of n-paraffins. Elemental analysis of the residues obtained from thermal decomposition indicated that decomposition was complete between 450°C and 500°C. The catalytic effect of Sand, obtained by dichloromethane extraction of Athabasca Tar Sand, on the thermal decomposition of hexane and hexene was investigated at several temperatures. It was observed that the extracted Sand had no catalytic effect on the decomposition of hexane and hexene up to 450°C, but catalyzed the thermal decomposition at 500°C or higher. The catalytic effect of the Sand was fairly significant in the case of hexene. The products obtained from hexene decomposition were comprised of more than C6 hydrocarbons. Hexane decomposition products contained C6 or less than C6 hydrocarbons.
-
Thermal decomposition of Athabasca Tar Sand and bitumen
Fuel Processing Technology, 1993Co-Authors: Kailash Chandra Khulbe, R.s. Manna, A.-m. Lamarche, G. Lamarche, J.a. MacpheeAbstract:Abstract A study has been made of the thermal cracking of Athabasca Tar Sand and bitumen in an inert atmosphere of He at temperatures between 350°C and 550°C. The products were collected in a cold water trap and analysed by gas chromatography (G.C.). ESR studies were also made of the residue. The G.C. analysis showed that n-paraffinic hydrocarbons from C 5 to at least C 21 were present in the liquid product. At temperatures greater than 400°C, the concentration of n-paraffins (C 10 C 21 ) decreased with the increase in their molecular weight. No significant effect of the inorganic matrix of Tar Sand was noticed on the products obtained when compared with the products obtained from bitumen. The number of spins/g of the stable organic free radical in the residue was directly related to the formation of n-paraffins. The maximum amount of n-paraffins was formed when Tar Sand and bitumen were cracked at 450°C. The residue obtained from Tar Sand at temperatures greater than 450°C gave a broad resonance at g ≅ 2.267 and width, ΔH pp = 1400 G. The physical structure of the residue obtained on the thermal cracking of Tar Sand and bitumen was found by reflected light microscopy and found to depend on the cracking temperature.
-
Electron spin resonance study of the thermal decomposition of solvent extracted Athabasca Tar Sand bitumen
Fuel Processing Technology, 1992Co-Authors: Kailash Chandra Khulbe, G. Lamarche, R.s. Mann, A.-m. LamarcheAbstract:Abstract The concentration of free radicals (spins/g) in the bitumen extracted from Athabasca Tar Sand depended on the polarity of the solvent used for extraction. Non-polar solvent extracted bitumen had a higher number of spins than polar solvent extracted bitumen. Similar behavior was observed with the VO 2+ ion in bitumen. Extracted bitumen had a higher number of spins than the intact Tar Sand. This observation was different from that with Utah Tar Sand. Clean Sand also gave an electron spin resonance signal, the intensity of which depended on the polarity of the solvent used. The shape of the signal also depended on the solvent. Increases in the concentration of free radicals were observed at temperatures which were lower than the thermal decomposition temperatures of most of the reactions. The variation in the concentration of radicals in bitumen, Tar Sand and residual Sand depended on the heating rate. At 500°C prolonged heating gave an increase in the concentration of free radicals due to the formation of free carbon (coke) and to a decrease in the recombination of radicals. A possible mechanism is discussed to explain the effect of heating on the free radical formation in bitumen or in Tar Sand.
A.-m. Lamarche - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Catalytic effect of Athabasca Tar Sand matrix on thermal decomposition of bitumen, hexene and hexane
Fuel Processing Technology, 1994Co-Authors: Kailash Chandra Khulbe, A.-m. Lamarche, G. Lamarche, R.s. Mann, J.a. MacpheeAbstract:The thermal decomposition of dichloromethane extracted Athabasca Tar Sand bitumen and Athabasca Tar Sand itself was studied in a stream of 30 ml/min helium at temperatures in the range 350–550°C. The volatile products obtained were analyzed by gas chromatography. It was observed that the products were mostly comprised of n-paraffins. Elemental analysis of the residues obtained from thermal decomposition indicated that decomposition was complete between 450°C and 500°C. The catalytic effect of Sand, obtained by dichloromethane extraction of Athabasca Tar Sand, on the thermal decomposition of hexane and hexene was investigated at several temperatures. It was observed that the extracted Sand had no catalytic effect on the decomposition of hexane and hexene up to 450°C, but catalyzed the thermal decomposition at 500°C or higher. The catalytic effect of the Sand was fairly significant in the case of hexene. The products obtained from hexene decomposition were comprised of more than C6 hydrocarbons. Hexane decomposition products contained C6 or less than C6 hydrocarbons.
-
Thermal decomposition of Athabasca Tar Sand and bitumen
Fuel Processing Technology, 1993Co-Authors: Kailash Chandra Khulbe, R.s. Manna, A.-m. Lamarche, G. Lamarche, J.a. MacpheeAbstract:Abstract A study has been made of the thermal cracking of Athabasca Tar Sand and bitumen in an inert atmosphere of He at temperatures between 350°C and 550°C. The products were collected in a cold water trap and analysed by gas chromatography (G.C.). ESR studies were also made of the residue. The G.C. analysis showed that n-paraffinic hydrocarbons from C 5 to at least C 21 were present in the liquid product. At temperatures greater than 400°C, the concentration of n-paraffins (C 10 C 21 ) decreased with the increase in their molecular weight. No significant effect of the inorganic matrix of Tar Sand was noticed on the products obtained when compared with the products obtained from bitumen. The number of spins/g of the stable organic free radical in the residue was directly related to the formation of n-paraffins. The maximum amount of n-paraffins was formed when Tar Sand and bitumen were cracked at 450°C. The residue obtained from Tar Sand at temperatures greater than 450°C gave a broad resonance at g ≅ 2.267 and width, ΔH pp = 1400 G. The physical structure of the residue obtained on the thermal cracking of Tar Sand and bitumen was found by reflected light microscopy and found to depend on the cracking temperature.
-
Electron spin resonance study of the thermal decomposition of solvent extracted Athabasca Tar Sand bitumen
Fuel Processing Technology, 1992Co-Authors: Kailash Chandra Khulbe, G. Lamarche, R.s. Mann, A.-m. LamarcheAbstract:Abstract The concentration of free radicals (spins/g) in the bitumen extracted from Athabasca Tar Sand depended on the polarity of the solvent used for extraction. Non-polar solvent extracted bitumen had a higher number of spins than polar solvent extracted bitumen. Similar behavior was observed with the VO 2+ ion in bitumen. Extracted bitumen had a higher number of spins than the intact Tar Sand. This observation was different from that with Utah Tar Sand. Clean Sand also gave an electron spin resonance signal, the intensity of which depended on the polarity of the solvent used. The shape of the signal also depended on the solvent. Increases in the concentration of free radicals were observed at temperatures which were lower than the thermal decomposition temperatures of most of the reactions. The variation in the concentration of radicals in bitumen, Tar Sand and residual Sand depended on the heating rate. At 500°C prolonged heating gave an increase in the concentration of free radicals due to the formation of free carbon (coke) and to a decrease in the recombination of radicals. A possible mechanism is discussed to explain the effect of heating on the free radical formation in bitumen or in Tar Sand.
Alex G. Oblad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Impact of water recycle on water-based processing of Whiterocks Tar Sand☆
Fuel, 1991Co-Authors: Jan Hupka, Jan D. Miller, Jaroslaw Drelich, R.r. White, Francis V. Hanson, Alex G. ObladAbstract:Abstract Water recycle is an essential part of the hot water process for bitumen recovery from Tar Sands. The current investigation was primarily designed to evaluate the direct recycle of process water after separation of coarse Sand particles. Representative Whiterocks Tar Sand samples were used in all experiments. Tar Sand tailings, after bitumen air flotation, were left 10 min for sedimentation, and the supernatant containing 4–5 wt% suspended matter was used in hot water batch experiments with 8 kg Tar Sand feed. For the processing conditions used (temperature 50–60 °C, pH at digestion
Jan D. Miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Tar Sand pretreatment with diluent
Minerals & Metallurgical Processing, 1993Co-Authors: Jan Hupka, Jan D. MillerAbstract:Important aspects of kerosene penetration into Tar Sand have been investigated. The natural Tar Sand porosity was measured and used to analyze the performance of the hot water process. Subsequently, pretreatment experiments, using 20-kg Tar Sand samples (Asphalt Ridge and Whiterocks, Utah) and kerosene as a diluent were carried out at the expected summer temperature (26°C) and the expected winter temperature (−14°C). The natural Tar Sand porosity accessible by diluent has a crucial impact on the reduction of bitumen viscosity and influences the penetration time required for successful bitumen separation from Tar Sand by hot water processing. Thus, the Tar Sand porosity is a critical variable that determines appropriate operating conditions. Experimental results indicate that diluent penetration into the Asphalt Ridge Tar Sand (high porosity) is almost complete after 30 min, whereas for the Whiterocks Tar Sand (low porosity) the penetration process is much slower, being still incomplete after 15 hours regardless of the ambient temperature.
-
Moderate-temperature water-based bitumen recovery from Tar Sand
Fuel, 1991Co-Authors: Jan Hupka, Jan D. MillerAbstract:Abstract A moderate-temperature water-based separation process for the recovery of bitumen from Tar Sand (with an emphasis on Tar Sands containing bitumen of high viscosity) is presented. The new approach was evaluated using samples of Asphalt Ridge and Whiterocks Tar Sands, originating from the Uinta Basin in Utah. Digested Tar Sand slurry, subjected to dilution, was sedimented in a gravity cell and the stratified layers investigated under a microscope. Different layers formed in the gravity cell were characterized in terms of the extent of bitumen separation from Sand. Selected problems associated with the design of the processing strategy are briefly discussed.
-
Impact of water recycle on water-based processing of Whiterocks Tar Sand☆
Fuel, 1991Co-Authors: Jan Hupka, Jan D. Miller, Jaroslaw Drelich, R.r. White, Francis V. Hanson, Alex G. ObladAbstract:Abstract Water recycle is an essential part of the hot water process for bitumen recovery from Tar Sands. The current investigation was primarily designed to evaluate the direct recycle of process water after separation of coarse Sand particles. Representative Whiterocks Tar Sand samples were used in all experiments. Tar Sand tailings, after bitumen air flotation, were left 10 min for sedimentation, and the supernatant containing 4–5 wt% suspended matter was used in hot water batch experiments with 8 kg Tar Sand feed. For the processing conditions used (temperature 50–60 °C, pH at digestion
J.a. Macphee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Catalytic effect of Athabasca Tar Sand matrix on thermal decomposition of bitumen, hexene and hexane
Fuel Processing Technology, 1994Co-Authors: Kailash Chandra Khulbe, A.-m. Lamarche, G. Lamarche, R.s. Mann, J.a. MacpheeAbstract:The thermal decomposition of dichloromethane extracted Athabasca Tar Sand bitumen and Athabasca Tar Sand itself was studied in a stream of 30 ml/min helium at temperatures in the range 350–550°C. The volatile products obtained were analyzed by gas chromatography. It was observed that the products were mostly comprised of n-paraffins. Elemental analysis of the residues obtained from thermal decomposition indicated that decomposition was complete between 450°C and 500°C. The catalytic effect of Sand, obtained by dichloromethane extraction of Athabasca Tar Sand, on the thermal decomposition of hexane and hexene was investigated at several temperatures. It was observed that the extracted Sand had no catalytic effect on the decomposition of hexane and hexene up to 450°C, but catalyzed the thermal decomposition at 500°C or higher. The catalytic effect of the Sand was fairly significant in the case of hexene. The products obtained from hexene decomposition were comprised of more than C6 hydrocarbons. Hexane decomposition products contained C6 or less than C6 hydrocarbons.
-
Thermal decomposition of Athabasca Tar Sand and bitumen
Fuel Processing Technology, 1993Co-Authors: Kailash Chandra Khulbe, R.s. Manna, A.-m. Lamarche, G. Lamarche, J.a. MacpheeAbstract:Abstract A study has been made of the thermal cracking of Athabasca Tar Sand and bitumen in an inert atmosphere of He at temperatures between 350°C and 550°C. The products were collected in a cold water trap and analysed by gas chromatography (G.C.). ESR studies were also made of the residue. The G.C. analysis showed that n-paraffinic hydrocarbons from C 5 to at least C 21 were present in the liquid product. At temperatures greater than 400°C, the concentration of n-paraffins (C 10 C 21 ) decreased with the increase in their molecular weight. No significant effect of the inorganic matrix of Tar Sand was noticed on the products obtained when compared with the products obtained from bitumen. The number of spins/g of the stable organic free radical in the residue was directly related to the formation of n-paraffins. The maximum amount of n-paraffins was formed when Tar Sand and bitumen were cracked at 450°C. The residue obtained from Tar Sand at temperatures greater than 450°C gave a broad resonance at g ≅ 2.267 and width, ΔH pp = 1400 G. The physical structure of the residue obtained on the thermal cracking of Tar Sand and bitumen was found by reflected light microscopy and found to depend on the cracking temperature.
