Target Chamber

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Robert R. Peterson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chamber dynamic research with pulsed power
    Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2001
    Co-Authors: Robert R. Peterson, Craig L. Olson, Timothy J. Renk, Gary E Rochau, M.a. Sweeney
    Abstract:

    In Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE), Target Chamber Dynamics (TCD) is an integral part of the Target Chamber design and performance. TCD includes Target output deposition of Target x-rays, ions and neutrons in Target Chamber gases and structures, vaporization and melting of Target Chamber materials, radiation-hydrodynamics in Target Chamber vapors and gases, and Chamber conditions at the time of Target and beam injections. Pulsed power provides a unique environment for IFE-TCD validation experiments in two important ways: they do not require the very clean conditions which lasers need and they currently provide large x-ray and ion energies.

  • Target Chamber considerations for heavy ion transport in plasma channels
    Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1998
    Co-Authors: Robert R. Peterson, Mohamed E. Sawan, Ralph W. Moir
    Abstract:

    Abstract The transport of ions in pre-formed plasma channels is considered for heavy ion fusion power plants. Analysis has been performed of the behavior of channels in a Target Chamber gas, of the effect of channels on the shielding of the final focus of the driver from Target generated neutrons and of the Target generated blast that propagates in the plasma channel to the final focus. On the basis of this analysis, transport channels seem to be consistent with a particular heavy ion fusion power plant concept.

  • Response of National Ignition Facility first wall materials to Target x rays and debris
    Fusion Technology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Robert R. Peterson
    Abstract:

    The Target Chamber of the National Ignition Facility must maintain an environment in which the laser optics can remain clean enough to avoid damage. Therefore melting and vaporization of Target Chamber materials by Target explosions must be minimized. Computer simulations have been performed of the response of Target Chamber wall materials and laser debris shields to the Target explosions. Additionally the deposition of tritium from the Targets in the wall and optical materials has been calculated. 9 refs., 2 figs., 6 tabs.

  • Radiation transport effects in the Target Chamber gas of the laser fusion power reactor SIRIUS-P
    Fusion Technology, 1994
    Co-Authors: Joseph J. Macfarlane, Robert R. Peterson, Ping Wang, Gregory A. Moses
    Abstract:

    The authors present results from radiation-hydrodynamics calculations which show the central role resonant self-absorption plays in reducing radiative energy loss rates in high-gain ICF Target Chamber plasmas. Calculations were performed using a non-LTE radiative transfer model which they have recently coupled to their Target Chamber radiation-hydrodynamics code. The lower radiation fluxes escaping the plasma, which occur due to the self-absorption of line radiation in their optically thick cores, lead to significantly lower temperature increases at the surface of the Target Chamber first wall. The calculations were performed for the SIRIUS-P laser-driven direct-drive ICF power reactor. In this conceptual design study, high-gain Targets release approximately 400 MJ of energy in the center of a gas-filled Target Chamber. The Target debris ions and x-rays are stopped in the gas, and the energy is reradiated to the Chamber wall over a much longer time scale. Because the time scales are comparable to the time it takes to thermally conduct energy away from the first surface, the thermal stresses and erosion rates for the first wall are greatly reduced.

  • Response of the National Ignition Facility Target Chamber Walls to the Microexplosion of a Fusion Target
    Fusion Technology, 1994
    Co-Authors: Robert R. Peterson, Joseph J. Macfarlane, Ping Wang
    Abstract:

    The response of the National Ignition Facility Target Chamber first wall to the x-rays and debris ions emitted by the Target is important to the conceptual design of the facility. The material that is vaporized by the Target emanations can condense on the laser optics, rendering them too opaque for laser transmission. This paper presents results of computer simulations of the vaporization of graphite and boron from the Target Chamber walls, using x-ray and debris ion spectra from Target breakup simulations performed at the University of Wisconsin.

Thomas J. Ruth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

R. Schrittwieser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Resonant coupling between ion bounce in a potential well and the potential relaxation instability
    Physics of Plasmas, 1994
    Co-Authors: G. Popa, R. Schrittwieser
    Abstract:

    When in a double plasma machine (DP‐machine) plasma is produced solely in the source Chamber, not only ions but also electrons can leak through the separating grid into the Target Chamber, so that a low‐density plasma forms there. The electrons are trapped by the traveling ion space charge and can thereby overcome the strongly negative grid bias. The investigations presented here show that a positive space‐charge forms behind the grid in the Target Chamber and a deep potential well is formed around the grid. When the anode of the Target Chamber is biased positively, under certain conditions a low‐frequency instability is observed in the Target Chamber, the properties of which indicate a potential relaxation oscillation, somewhat similar to the potential relaxation instability in a quiescent plasma machine (Q machine). The frequency of the instability is determined by the ion transit time through a thin layer of the Target Chamber plasma. In addition, resonant coupling occurs between this frequency and the bounce frequency of ions in the potential well around the grid.

Joseph J. Macfarlane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Radiation transport effects in the Target Chamber gas of the laser fusion power reactor SIRIUS-P
    Fusion Technology, 1994
    Co-Authors: Joseph J. Macfarlane, Robert R. Peterson, Ping Wang, Gregory A. Moses
    Abstract:

    The authors present results from radiation-hydrodynamics calculations which show the central role resonant self-absorption plays in reducing radiative energy loss rates in high-gain ICF Target Chamber plasmas. Calculations were performed using a non-LTE radiative transfer model which they have recently coupled to their Target Chamber radiation-hydrodynamics code. The lower radiation fluxes escaping the plasma, which occur due to the self-absorption of line radiation in their optically thick cores, lead to significantly lower temperature increases at the surface of the Target Chamber first wall. The calculations were performed for the SIRIUS-P laser-driven direct-drive ICF power reactor. In this conceptual design study, high-gain Targets release approximately 400 MJ of energy in the center of a gas-filled Target Chamber. The Target debris ions and x-rays are stopped in the gas, and the energy is reradiated to the Chamber wall over a much longer time scale. Because the time scales are comparable to the time it takes to thermally conduct energy away from the first surface, the thermal stresses and erosion rates for the first wall are greatly reduced.

  • Response of the National Ignition Facility Target Chamber Walls to the Microexplosion of a Fusion Target
    Fusion Technology, 1994
    Co-Authors: Robert R. Peterson, Joseph J. Macfarlane, Ping Wang
    Abstract:

    The response of the National Ignition Facility Target Chamber first wall to the x-rays and debris ions emitted by the Target is important to the conceptual design of the facility. The material that is vaporized by the Target emanations can condense on the laser optics, rendering them too opaque for laser transmission. This paper presents results of computer simulations of the vaporization of graphite and boron from the Target Chamber walls, using x-ray and debris ion spectra from Target breakup simulations performed at the University of Wisconsin.

  • Target Chamber gas response and vaporization in a laser and a heavy ion beam IFE reactor
    [Proceedings] The 14th IEEE NPSS Symposium Fusion Engineering, 1
    Co-Authors: Robert R. Peterson, Joseph J. Macfarlane, Ping Wang
    Abstract:

    The authors have investigated the Target Chamber designs for two IFE (inertial-confinement fusion energy) reactors (SOMBRERO and OSIRIS). The CONRAD computer code has been used to analyze certain critical aspects of these designs. Auto-neutralized transport is considered and a gas density is used that precludes protection of the first surface of the Target Chamber from X-rays and ions. The dominant issue in the design of the SOMBRERO laser fusion Target Chamber is the reradiation of absorbed Target energy from the gas to the wall of the Target Chamber. In the OSIRIS heavy ion fusion Target Chamber, vaporization of material from the wall is the most important consideration. In SOMBRERO, 0.5 torr of xenon gas should allow beam transport and will protect the graphite wall vaporization by Target energy. In OSIRIS, it was found that the FLIBE is vaporized and that a high peak pressure but moderate impulse shock reaches the vapor/liquid interface in the FLIBE. >

  • Energy deposition and first wall response in the SIRIUS-T Target Chamber
    IEEE Thirteenth Symposium on Fusion Engineering, 1
    Co-Authors: Joseph J. Macfarlane, Gregory A. Moses, Robert R. Peterson, I.n. Sviatoslavsky
    Abstract:

    The response of the first wall of the SIRIUS-T inertial confinement fusion (ICF) Target Chamber to high-gain Target explosions has been investigated numerically. Calculations were performed for 100-MJ Target explosions in Target Chambers filled with a 1-torr Xe background gas and lined with a graphite-tile first wall. X-ray and debris ion spectra consistent with single-shell direct-drive Targets were used. A 1-D radiation-hydrodynamics code was used to study the Target energy deposition in the cavity gas and the graphite tiles, the growth of and radiative emission from the microfireball, expansion of the shock front, and vaporization of and thermal conduction through the first wall. The results indicate that the inner radius of the Target Chamber must be at least 3.7 m to prevent premature degradation of the tiles due to vaporization. >

Gregory A. Moses - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Radiation transport effects in the Target Chamber gas of the laser fusion power reactor SIRIUS-P
    Fusion Technology, 1994
    Co-Authors: Joseph J. Macfarlane, Robert R. Peterson, Ping Wang, Gregory A. Moses
    Abstract:

    The authors present results from radiation-hydrodynamics calculations which show the central role resonant self-absorption plays in reducing radiative energy loss rates in high-gain ICF Target Chamber plasmas. Calculations were performed using a non-LTE radiative transfer model which they have recently coupled to their Target Chamber radiation-hydrodynamics code. The lower radiation fluxes escaping the plasma, which occur due to the self-absorption of line radiation in their optically thick cores, lead to significantly lower temperature increases at the surface of the Target Chamber first wall. The calculations were performed for the SIRIUS-P laser-driven direct-drive ICF power reactor. In this conceptual design study, high-gain Targets release approximately 400 MJ of energy in the center of a gas-filled Target Chamber. The Target debris ions and x-rays are stopped in the gas, and the energy is reradiated to the Chamber wall over a much longer time scale. Because the time scales are comparable to the time it takes to thermally conduct energy away from the first surface, the thermal stresses and erosion rates for the first wall are greatly reduced.

  • Computer modeling of ICF Target Chamber phenomena
    Laser and Particle Beams, 1994
    Co-Authors: Gregory A. Moses, Robert R. Peterson
    Abstract:

    The Target Chamber of an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) power plant or high-yield test facility must be designed to absorb the Target produced Xrays and ions and survive the resulting effects. The Target Chamber conditions must be restored in fractions of a second for high repetition rate power applications. Computer modeling of these phenomena is essential because equivalent conditions cannot be produced in laboratory experiments prior to the first ignition of high-yield ICF Targets. Choices of models are dictated by specific reactor design strategies. The two major strategies, gas protection and sacrificial first surfaces, are used as a guide to our discussion. Physical models for ion, electron, and X-ray deposition are discussed, along with physical and numerical modeling of the resulting phase changes inTarget Chamber structures. The hydrodynamics and radiative transfer in the Target Chamber vapors and plasmas are central topics.

  • Energy deposition and first wall response in the SIRIUS-T Target Chamber
    IEEE Thirteenth Symposium on Fusion Engineering, 1
    Co-Authors: Joseph J. Macfarlane, Gregory A. Moses, Robert R. Peterson, I.n. Sviatoslavsky
    Abstract:

    The response of the first wall of the SIRIUS-T inertial confinement fusion (ICF) Target Chamber to high-gain Target explosions has been investigated numerically. Calculations were performed for 100-MJ Target explosions in Target Chambers filled with a 1-torr Xe background gas and lined with a graphite-tile first wall. X-ray and debris ion spectra consistent with single-shell direct-drive Targets were used. A 1-D radiation-hydrodynamics code was used to study the Target energy deposition in the cavity gas and the graphite tiles, the growth of and radiative emission from the microfireball, expansion of the shock front, and vaporization of and thermal conduction through the first wall. The results indicate that the inner radius of the Target Chamber must be at least 3.7 m to prevent premature degradation of the tiles due to vaporization. >

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