The Experts below are selected from a list of 27 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Andrea Manica - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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2012 Temperament and hunger interact to determine the emergence of leaders in pairs of foraging fish
2016Co-Authors: Shinnosuke Nakayama, Rufus A. Johnstone, Andrea ManicaAbstract:Studies on leadership have focused either on physiological state as the key predictor (i.e. ‘‘leading according to need’’), or else on Temperamental asymmetries among group members (i.e. intrinsic leadership). In this paper, we explore how both factors interact in determining the emergence of leaders. We observed pairs of sticklebacks with varying degrees of Temperamental Difference, and recorded their movements back and forth between a safe covered area and a risky foraging area, both before and after satiating one of the two pair members (but not the other). Before satiation, when the fish had similar hunger levels, temperament was a good predictor of social roles, with the bolder member of a pair leading and the shyer member following. The effect of satiation depended on which fish received the additional food. When the shyer member of a pair was fed, and consequently became less active, the bolder fish did not change its behaviour but continued to lead. By contrast, when the bolder member of a pair was fed, and consequently initiated fewer trips out of cover, the shyer partner compensated by initiating trips more frequently itself. In pairs that differed only a little in temperament, feeding the bolder fish actually led to a role reversal, with the shyer fish emerging as a leader in the majority of joint trips out of cover. Our results show that leadership emerges as the consequence of multiple factors, and that their interaction can be complex
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Temperament and hunger interact to determine the emergence of leaders in pairs of foraging fish.
PloS one, 2012Co-Authors: Shinnosuke Nakayama, Rufus A. Johnstone, Andrea ManicaAbstract:Studies on leadership have focused either on physiological state as the key predictor (i.e. ‘‘leading according to need’’), or else on Temperamental asymmetries among group members (i.e. intrinsic leadership). In this paper, we explore how both factors interact in determining the emergence of leaders. We observed pairs of sticklebacks with varying degrees of Temperamental Difference, and recorded their movements back and forth between a safe covered area and a risky foraging area, both before and after satiating one of the two pair members (but not the other). Before satiation, when the fish had similar hunger levels, temperament was a good predictor of social roles, with the bolder member of a pair leading and the shyer member following. The effect of satiation depended on which fish received the additional food. When the shyer member of a pair was fed, and consequently became less active, the bolder fish did not change its behaviour but continued to lead. By contrast, when the bolder member of a pair was fed, and consequently initiated fewer trips out of cover, the shyer partner compensated by initiating trips more frequently itself. In pairs that differed only a little in temperament, feeding the bolder fish actually led to a role reversal, with the shyer fish emerging as a leader in the majority of joint trips out of cover. Our results show that leadership emerges as the consequence of multiple factors, and that their interaction can be complex.
Shinnosuke Nakayama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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2012 Temperament and hunger interact to determine the emergence of leaders in pairs of foraging fish
2016Co-Authors: Shinnosuke Nakayama, Rufus A. Johnstone, Andrea ManicaAbstract:Studies on leadership have focused either on physiological state as the key predictor (i.e. ‘‘leading according to need’’), or else on Temperamental asymmetries among group members (i.e. intrinsic leadership). In this paper, we explore how both factors interact in determining the emergence of leaders. We observed pairs of sticklebacks with varying degrees of Temperamental Difference, and recorded their movements back and forth between a safe covered area and a risky foraging area, both before and after satiating one of the two pair members (but not the other). Before satiation, when the fish had similar hunger levels, temperament was a good predictor of social roles, with the bolder member of a pair leading and the shyer member following. The effect of satiation depended on which fish received the additional food. When the shyer member of a pair was fed, and consequently became less active, the bolder fish did not change its behaviour but continued to lead. By contrast, when the bolder member of a pair was fed, and consequently initiated fewer trips out of cover, the shyer partner compensated by initiating trips more frequently itself. In pairs that differed only a little in temperament, feeding the bolder fish actually led to a role reversal, with the shyer fish emerging as a leader in the majority of joint trips out of cover. Our results show that leadership emerges as the consequence of multiple factors, and that their interaction can be complex
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Temperament and hunger interact to determine the emergence of leaders in pairs of foraging fish.
PloS one, 2012Co-Authors: Shinnosuke Nakayama, Rufus A. Johnstone, Andrea ManicaAbstract:Studies on leadership have focused either on physiological state as the key predictor (i.e. ‘‘leading according to need’’), or else on Temperamental asymmetries among group members (i.e. intrinsic leadership). In this paper, we explore how both factors interact in determining the emergence of leaders. We observed pairs of sticklebacks with varying degrees of Temperamental Difference, and recorded their movements back and forth between a safe covered area and a risky foraging area, both before and after satiating one of the two pair members (but not the other). Before satiation, when the fish had similar hunger levels, temperament was a good predictor of social roles, with the bolder member of a pair leading and the shyer member following. The effect of satiation depended on which fish received the additional food. When the shyer member of a pair was fed, and consequently became less active, the bolder fish did not change its behaviour but continued to lead. By contrast, when the bolder member of a pair was fed, and consequently initiated fewer trips out of cover, the shyer partner compensated by initiating trips more frequently itself. In pairs that differed only a little in temperament, feeding the bolder fish actually led to a role reversal, with the shyer fish emerging as a leader in the majority of joint trips out of cover. Our results show that leadership emerges as the consequence of multiple factors, and that their interaction can be complex.
Rufus A. Johnstone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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2012 Temperament and hunger interact to determine the emergence of leaders in pairs of foraging fish
2016Co-Authors: Shinnosuke Nakayama, Rufus A. Johnstone, Andrea ManicaAbstract:Studies on leadership have focused either on physiological state as the key predictor (i.e. ‘‘leading according to need’’), or else on Temperamental asymmetries among group members (i.e. intrinsic leadership). In this paper, we explore how both factors interact in determining the emergence of leaders. We observed pairs of sticklebacks with varying degrees of Temperamental Difference, and recorded their movements back and forth between a safe covered area and a risky foraging area, both before and after satiating one of the two pair members (but not the other). Before satiation, when the fish had similar hunger levels, temperament was a good predictor of social roles, with the bolder member of a pair leading and the shyer member following. The effect of satiation depended on which fish received the additional food. When the shyer member of a pair was fed, and consequently became less active, the bolder fish did not change its behaviour but continued to lead. By contrast, when the bolder member of a pair was fed, and consequently initiated fewer trips out of cover, the shyer partner compensated by initiating trips more frequently itself. In pairs that differed only a little in temperament, feeding the bolder fish actually led to a role reversal, with the shyer fish emerging as a leader in the majority of joint trips out of cover. Our results show that leadership emerges as the consequence of multiple factors, and that their interaction can be complex
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Temperament and hunger interact to determine the emergence of leaders in pairs of foraging fish.
PloS one, 2012Co-Authors: Shinnosuke Nakayama, Rufus A. Johnstone, Andrea ManicaAbstract:Studies on leadership have focused either on physiological state as the key predictor (i.e. ‘‘leading according to need’’), or else on Temperamental asymmetries among group members (i.e. intrinsic leadership). In this paper, we explore how both factors interact in determining the emergence of leaders. We observed pairs of sticklebacks with varying degrees of Temperamental Difference, and recorded their movements back and forth between a safe covered area and a risky foraging area, both before and after satiating one of the two pair members (but not the other). Before satiation, when the fish had similar hunger levels, temperament was a good predictor of social roles, with the bolder member of a pair leading and the shyer member following. The effect of satiation depended on which fish received the additional food. When the shyer member of a pair was fed, and consequently became less active, the bolder fish did not change its behaviour but continued to lead. By contrast, when the bolder member of a pair was fed, and consequently initiated fewer trips out of cover, the shyer partner compensated by initiating trips more frequently itself. In pairs that differed only a little in temperament, feeding the bolder fish actually led to a role reversal, with the shyer fish emerging as a leader in the majority of joint trips out of cover. Our results show that leadership emerges as the consequence of multiple factors, and that their interaction can be complex.
Denise E. Wilfley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Discounting of Various Types of Rewards by Women with and Without Binge Eating Disorder: Evidence for General Rather Than Specific Differences
The Psychological Record, 2011Co-Authors: Jamie L. Manwaring, Leonard Green, Joel Myerson, Michael J. Strube, Denise E. WilfleyAbstract:The present study compared the extent to which obese women with binge eating disorder (BED), obese women without BED, and controls discounted delayed and probabilistic money and directly consumable rewards: food, massage time, and preferred sedentary activity. Of special interest was whether the BED group differed from the other groups in terms of their discounting of all three types of directly consumable rewards or only in their discounting of food. Overall, the BED group tended to discount both delayed and probabilistic rewards of all types more steeply than the obese and control groups. Thus, rather than finding Differences specific to particular types of rewards, we find that women with BED are generally more impatient when choices involve delayed rewards and more risk averse when they involve probabilistic rewards. These results suggest a Temperamental Difference associated with BED that cannot be accounted for by the concomitant obesity.
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Discounting of Various t ypes of r ewar Ds by w omen w ith an D w ithout binge eating Disor Der: eV i Dence for g eneral r ather t han s pecific Differences
2011Co-Authors: Jamie L. Manwaring, Leonard Green, Michael J. Strube, Denise E. WilfleyAbstract:The present study compared the extent to which obese women with binge eating disorder (BED), obese women without BED, and controls discounted delayed and probabilistic money and directly consumable rewards: food, massage time, and preferred sedentary activity. Of special interest was whether the BED group differed from the other groups in terms of their discounting of all three types of directly consumable rewards or only in their discounting of food. Overall, the BED group tended to discount both delayed and probabilistic rewards of all types more steeply than the obese and control groups. Thus, rather than finding Differences specific to particular types of rewards, we find that women with BED are generally more impatient when choices involve delayed rewards and more risk averse when they involve probabilistic rewards. These results suggest a Temperamental Difference associated with BED that cannot be accounted for by the concomitant obesity.
Jamie L. Manwaring - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Discounting of Various Types of Rewards by Women with and Without Binge Eating Disorder: Evidence for General Rather Than Specific Differences
The Psychological Record, 2011Co-Authors: Jamie L. Manwaring, Leonard Green, Joel Myerson, Michael J. Strube, Denise E. WilfleyAbstract:The present study compared the extent to which obese women with binge eating disorder (BED), obese women without BED, and controls discounted delayed and probabilistic money and directly consumable rewards: food, massage time, and preferred sedentary activity. Of special interest was whether the BED group differed from the other groups in terms of their discounting of all three types of directly consumable rewards or only in their discounting of food. Overall, the BED group tended to discount both delayed and probabilistic rewards of all types more steeply than the obese and control groups. Thus, rather than finding Differences specific to particular types of rewards, we find that women with BED are generally more impatient when choices involve delayed rewards and more risk averse when they involve probabilistic rewards. These results suggest a Temperamental Difference associated with BED that cannot be accounted for by the concomitant obesity.
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Discounting of Various t ypes of r ewar Ds by w omen w ith an D w ithout binge eating Disor Der: eV i Dence for g eneral r ather t han s pecific Differences
2011Co-Authors: Jamie L. Manwaring, Leonard Green, Michael J. Strube, Denise E. WilfleyAbstract:The present study compared the extent to which obese women with binge eating disorder (BED), obese women without BED, and controls discounted delayed and probabilistic money and directly consumable rewards: food, massage time, and preferred sedentary activity. Of special interest was whether the BED group differed from the other groups in terms of their discounting of all three types of directly consumable rewards or only in their discounting of food. Overall, the BED group tended to discount both delayed and probabilistic rewards of all types more steeply than the obese and control groups. Thus, rather than finding Differences specific to particular types of rewards, we find that women with BED are generally more impatient when choices involve delayed rewards and more risk averse when they involve probabilistic rewards. These results suggest a Temperamental Difference associated with BED that cannot be accounted for by the concomitant obesity.
