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Marcos Botton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrative taxonomy methods reveal high mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) diversity in southern Brazilian Fruit crops
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Vitor C. Pacheco Da Silva, Jean-françois Germain, Mehmet Bora Kaydan, Ferran Palero, Thibaut Malausa, Marcos BottonAbstract:The Serra Gaúcha region is the most important Temperate Fruit-producing area in southern Brazil. Despite mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) infesting several host plants in the region, there is a lack of information about the composition of species damaging different crops. A survey of mealybug species associated with commercial Fruit crops (apple, persimmon, strawberry and grapes) was performed in Serra Gaúcha between 2013 and 2015, using both morphology and DNA analyses for species identification. The most abundant species were Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret), found on all four host plant species, and Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell), infesting persimmon, vines and weeds. The highest diversity of mealybug species was found on persimmon trees, hosting 20 different taxa, of which Anisococcus granarae Pacheco da Silva & Kaydan, D . brevipes , Pseudococcus sociabilis Hambleton and Ps . viburni were the most abundant. A total of nine species were recorded in vineyards. Planococcus ficus (Signoret) and Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) were observed causing damage to grapes for the first time. A single species, Ps . viburni , was found associated with apples, while both Ps . viburni and Ferrisia meridionalis Williams were found on strawberry. Four of the mealybug species found represent new records for Brazil.
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evaluation of food lures for capture and monitoring of anastrepha fraterculus diptera tephritidae on Temperate Fruit trees
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2017Co-Authors: J. M. Da ,rosa, Cristiano Joao Arioli, J Dos P Santos, Alexandre Carlos Menezesnetto, Marcos BottonAbstract:Abstract The Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the main pest of Fruit trees grown in Temperate climates in the southern region of Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the major commercial food lures used in Brazil for trapping and monitoring of A. fraterculus in plum, pear, and feijoa orchards. The assessed lures were hydrolyzed proteins of animal origin (CeraTrap) and plant origin (BioAnastrepha), torula yeast þ borax (Torula), and grape juice. Response variables included the rate of adult capture (flies per trap per day, FTD) and the percentage of females captured. We also evaluated the number of times the weekly capture rate exceeded the traditional threshold of 0.5 FTD for each lure. Traps baited with grape juice, currently used for monitoring A . fraterculus in Southern Brazil, captured fewer adults and a lower percentage of females compared with the other lures. CeraTrap trapped a greater number of A . fraterculus adults and, in some cases, a lower percentage of females compared with the other lures in pears. Traps baited with CeraTrap had greater capture rates (FTD), particularly during the stages of Fruit maturation and harvest, and even in years with low population density of A. fraterculus , thus demonstrating greater sensitivity in the detection of this pest. These results show that, in order to detect and monitor the presence of A . fraterculus in plum, feijoa, and pear crops, protein-based lures are superior to grape juice, especially the animal protein CeraTrap.
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mealybugs hemiptera pseudococcidae associated with persimmon diospyros kaki l ebenaceae in southern brazil
2016Co-Authors: V C P Da Silva, Thibaut Malausa, Marcos Botton, J F Germain, Mehmet Bora KaydanAbstract:Temperate Fruit production is an important economic activity in Southern Brazil. In this region, persimmon Diospyros kaki L. (Ebenaceae) is grown in small farms for domestic consumption and internal market. Mealybugs are o*en found in at least 50% of the orchards causing damages on Fruits due to the honeydew secretion. However, there is a lack of informatin about species composition damaging orchards in Southern Brazil. In this work, we present a survey of mealybugs associated with persimmon trees in the Serra Gaucha Region, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Toxicological and ultrastructural analysis of the impact of pesticides used in Temperate Fruit crops on two populations of Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)
Revista Brasileira De Entomologia, 2011Co-Authors: Alexandre Pinho De Moura, Luciano Veiga Cosme, Marcos Botton, Geraldo Andrade Carvalho, Eduardo Alves, Patrícia Sobral SilvaAbstract:Avaliaram-se os efeitos de (g i.a. L-1) abamectina (0,02), carbaril (1,73), enxofre (4,8) fenitrotiona (0,75), metidationa (0,4) e triclorfom (1,5) sobre a sobrevivencia de larvas e pupas, na oviposicao de adultos e viabilidade de ovos de Chrysoperla externa de duas populacoes (Bento Goncalves e Vacaria, Rio Grande do Sul). Alteracoes morfologicas causadas por abamectina em ovos depositados por C. externa da populacao de Vacaria foram avaliadas por meio de analises ultra-estruturais. Os agrotoxicos foram aplicados sobre placas de vidro. Agua destilada foi utilizada como testemunha. Para avaliacao da mortalidade de larvas utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 7 (duas populacoes x sete tratamentos) e para avaliacao dos efeitos dos compostos sobre a capacidade de oviposicao e viabilidade de ovos utilizou-se esquema fatorial 2 x 4. Carbaril, fenitrotiona e metidationa causaram 100% de mortalidade das larvas. Abamectina reduziu a viabilidade de ovos de C. externa, provenientes de larvas de terceiro instar de ambas as populacoes; entretanto, apresentou toxicidade mais elevada sobre insetos de Vacaria. Analises ultra-estruturais evidenciaram que abamectina causou deformacoes na micropila e na superficie externa do corion de ovos de C. externa. Baseando-se no efeito total (E), carbaril, fenitrotiona e metidationa sao prejudiciais a C. externa; triclorfom e inocuo, enquanto abamectina e enxofre sao inocuos e levemente prejudiciais a larvas de terceiro instar oriundas de Bento Goncalves e Vacaria, respectivamente.
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toxicological and ultrastructural analysis of the impact of pesticides used in Temperate Fruit crops on chrysoperla externa
Revista Brasileira De Entomologia, 2011Co-Authors: Alexandre Pinho De Moura, Luciano Veiga Cosme, Marcos Botton, Geraldo Andrade Carvalho, Eduardo Alves, Patrícia Sobral SilvaAbstract:Toxicological and ultrastructural analysis of the impact of pesticides used in Temperate Fruit crops on Chrysoperla externa. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the pesticides (g a.i. L-1) abamectin (0.02), carbaryl (1.73), sulphur (4.8), fenitrothion (0.75), methidathion (0.4) and trichlorfon (1.5) on the survival of larvae and pupae, on the oviposition of adults and hatching of eggs from treated Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) third-instar larvae. Also, morphological changes caused by abamectin to eggs laid by C. externa , originated from treated third-instar larvae were evaluated, by mean of ultrastructural analysis. The evaluated pesticides were applied on glass plates, using Potter’s tower. Distilled water was used as control. Carbaryl, fenitrothion and methidathion caused 100% mortality rates of larvae. Abamectin reduced the hatching of C. externa eggs from treated third-instar larvae of both populations; however, this pesticide presented highest toxicity on insects from Vacaria. The ultrastructural analysis showed morphological malformations in micropyle and in chorion external surface of C. externa eggs. Based in the total effect (E) of the pesticides, carbaryl, fenitrothion and methidathion are harmful to C. externa. Trichlorfon is harmless to third-instar larvae of the predator. Abamectin and sulphur are slightly harmful and harmless to third-instar larvae, from Bento Goncalves and Vacaria, respectively.
Botton M. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrative taxonomy methods reveal high mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) diversity in southern Brazilian Fruit crops.
Scientific Reports v. 7 n. 15741 p. 1-9 2017., 2018Co-Authors: V. P. Da ,silva, Kaydan M. B., Malausa T., Germain J. F., Palero F., Botton M.Abstract:The Serra Gaúcha region is the most important Temperate Fruit-producing area in southern Brazil. Despite mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) infesting several host plants in the region, there is a lack of information about the composition of species damaging different crops. A survey of mealybug species associated with commercial Fruit crops (apple, persimmon, strawberry and grapes) was performed in Serra Gaúcha between 2013 and 2015, using both morphology and DNA analyses for species identification. The most abundant species were Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret), found on all four host plant species, and Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell), infesting persimmon, vines and weeds. The highest diversity of mealybug species was found on persimmon trees, hosting 20 different taxa, of which Anisococcus granarae Pacheco da Silva & Kaydan, D. brevipes, Pseudococcus sociabilis Hambleton and Ps. viburni were the most abundant. A total of nine species were recorded in vineyards. Planococcus ficus (Signoret) and Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) were observed causing damage to grapes for the first time. A single species, Ps. viburni, was found associated with apples, while both Ps. viburni and Ferrisia meridionalis Williams were found on strawberry. Four of the mealybug species found represent new records for Brazil.bitstream/item/170189/1/PachecodaSilvaetal.2017IntegrativetaxonomyMealybugs2017.pd
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Evaluation of Food Lures for Capture and Monitoring of Anastrephafraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Temperate Fruit Trees.
'Oxford University Press (OUP)', 2017Co-Authors: J. M. Da ,rosa, Arioli C. J., Santos J. P. Dos, Menezes-netto A. C., Botton M.Abstract:Abstract The Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the main pest of Fruit trees grown in Temperate climates in the southern region of Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the major commercial food lures used in Brazil for trapping and monitoring of A. fraterculus in plum, pear, and feijoa orchards. The assessed lures were hydrolyzed proteins of animal origin (CeraTrap) and plant origin (BioAnastrepha), torula yeast þ borax (Torula), and grape juice. Response variables included the rate of adult capture (flies per trap per day, FTD) and the percentage of females captured. We also evaluated the number of times the weekly capture rate exceeded the traditional threshold of 0.5 FTD for each lure. Traps baited with grape juice, currently used for monitoring A . fraterculus in Southern Brazil, captured fewer adults and a lower percentage of females compared with the other lures. CeraTrap trapped a greater number of A . fraterculus adults and, in some cases, a lower percentage of females compared with the other lures in pears. Traps baited with CeraTrap had greater capture rates (FTD), particularly during the stages of Fruit maturation and harvest, and even in years with low population density of A. fraterculus , thus demonstrating greater sensitivity in the detection of this pest. These results show that, in order to detect and monitor the presence of A . fraterculus in plum, feijoa, and pear crops, protein-based lures are superior to grape juice, especially the animal protein CeraTrap.bitstream/item/167751/1/rosa2017.pd
Eike Luedeling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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boosting statistical delineation of chill and heat periods in Temperate Fruit trees through multi environment observations
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2021Co-Authors: Eduardo J Fernandez, Priska Krefting, Achim Kunz, Erica Fadon, Eike LuedelingAbstract:Abstract Global warming has modified the phenology of deciduous species. Temperature during the dormancy phase modulates the timing of bloom in Temperate trees. Chill and heat requirements represent the climatic needs of trees during dormancy. Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression allows delineating chilling and forcing phases, which in turn allows estimating the trees’ requirements. However, PLS regression requires long-term phenology and weather data, which are scarce in many growing regions. In a two-year experiment, we generated long-term phenology data by exposing potted trees to distinct environments during winter. We obtained records for 66 and 32 experimental seasons in apple and pear, respectively. We recorded tree phenology and hourly temperature. Through PLS regression methods, we determined the impacts of inter-seasonal variation on the outputs, estimated species’ dormancy phases and needs (in Chill Portions – CP and Growing Degree Hours – GDH), and assessed the relationship between bloom and temperature during the chilling and forcing phases. Results suggest inter-seasonal variation may be more important than number of seasons for producing valuable outputs. We delineated the chilling phase from October 19 to January 04 for apple and October 19 to December 27 for pear. The forcing period for both species was January 16 – March 26. Median chill and heat requirements were estimated as 43 CP and 14,845 GDH for apple and 31 CP and 11,816 GDH for pear. Bloom was modulated by temperature during both phases under warm conditions. In cold scenarios, bloom was mostly defined by temperatures during the forcing phase. We expanded the reach of the PLS regression method and made it applicable for cultivars lacking long-term phenology data. Our approach helps dormancy researchers improve their procedures to analyze species’ responses under possible future conditions. This work may assist farmers and orchard managers in adapting their orchards to face future challenges.
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phenoflex an integrated model to predict spring phenology in Temperate Fruit trees
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2021Co-Authors: Eike Luedeling, Katja Schiffers, Till Fohrmann, Carsten UrbachAbstract:Abstract Forecasting spring phenology of Temperate Fruit trees is of high concern for orchard plannersand Fruit producers, particularly in the context of climate change. Responding to this need, horticultural researchers have developed models to estimate chill and heat requirements and project dormancy release. Despite some successes in dormancy modeling, several shortcomings still hamper reliable forecasts. Many widely used models rely on oversimplified and inflexible assumptions and are neither validated nor parameterized for most species or cultivars. More complex models are often poorly accessible due to a lack of guidance on calibration and application. Moreover, most approaches do not provide estimates of uncertainty. We aimed to develop a dormancy model that (a) is based on the best available biological understanding and experimental evidence on dormancy dynamics, (b) can flexibly adapt to species- and cultivar-specific physiology, (c) comes with a detailed description of the work-flow and (d) is open-source. The result is the new modeling framework PhenoFlex. It combines the Dynamic Model for chill accumulation with the Growing-Degree-Hours model for heat accumulation by a flexible transition. PhenoFlex is accompanied by a framework for calibrating the 12 model parameters. It is published as part of the chillR package, which contains a detailed vignette. We tested the predictive performance of PhenoFlex with 60 years of apple and pear bloom data and compared results to several benchmark models. With Root Mean Square Error values for projected bloom dates of 4.0 days for pears and 3.8 days for apples, PhenoFlex outperformed all other models including the StepChill model (10.2 and 7.7 days, respectively), and a machine learning approach (5.6 and 6.3 days). Some temperature response dynamics appeared unrealistic, indicating the need for larger training datasets with more temperature variation. We hope that PhenoFlex will facilitate further research on the temperature response dynamics of Temperate tree species.
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chilling and heat requirements for flowering in Temperate Fruit trees
International Journal of Biometeorology, 2014Co-Authors: Liang Guo, Junhu Dai, Sailesh Ranjitkar, Eike LuedelingAbstract:Climate change has affected the rates of chilling and heat accumulation, which are vital for flowering and production, in Temperate Fruit trees, but few studies have been conducted in the cold-winter climates of East Asia. To evaluate tree responses to variation in chill and heat accumulation rates, partial least squares regression was used to correlate first flowering dates of chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) and jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill.) in Beijing, China, with daily chill and heat accumulation between 1963 and 2008. The Dynamic Model and the Growing Degree Hour Model were used to convert daily records of minimum and maximum temperature into horticulturally meaningful metrics. Regression analyses identified the chilling and forcing periods for chestnut and jujube. The forcing periods started when half the chilling requirements were fulfilled. Over the past 50 years, heat accumulation during tree dormancy increased significantly, while chill accumulation remained relatively stable for both species. Heat accumulation was the main driver of bloom timing, with effects of variation in chill accumulation negligible in Beijing’s cold-winter climate. It does not seem likely that reductions in chill will have a major effect on the studied species in Beijing in the near future. Such problems are much more likely for trees grown in locations that are substantially warmer than their native habitats, such as Temperate species in the subtropics and tropics.
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climate change impacts on winter chill for Temperate Fruit and nut production a review
Scientia Horticulturae, 2012Co-Authors: Eike LuedelingAbstract:Abstract Temperate Fruit and nut species require exposure to chilling conditions in winter to break dormancy and produce high yields. Adequate winter chill is an important site characteristic for commercial orchard operations, and quantifying chill is crucial for orchard management. Climate change may impact winter chill. With a view to adapting orchards to climate change, this review assesses the state of knowledge in modelling winter chill and the performance of various modelling approaches. It then goes on to present assessments of past and projected future changes in winter chill for Fruit growing regions and discusses potential adaptation strategies. Some of the most common approaches to modelling chill, in particular the Chilling Hours approach, are very sensitive to temperature increases, and have also been found to perform poorly, especially in warm growing regions. The Dynamic Model offers a more complex but also more accurate alternative, and use of this model is recommended. Chill changes projected with the Dynamic Model are typically much less severe than those estimated with other models. Nevertheless, projections of future chill consistently indicate substantial losses for the warmest growing regions, while Temperate regions will experience relatively little change, and cold regions may even see chill increases. Growers can adapt to lower chill by introducing low-chill cultivars, by influencing orchard microclimates and by applying rest-breaking chemicals. Given substantial knowledge gaps in tree dormancy, accurate models are still a long way off. Since timely adaptation is essential for growers of long-lived high-value perennials, alternative ways of adaptation planning are needed. Climate analogues, which are present-day manifestations of future projected climates, can be used for identifying and testing future-adapted species and cultivars. Horticultural researchers and practitioners should work towards the development and widespread adoption of better chill accumulation and dormancy models, for facilitating quantitatively appropriate adaptation planning.
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climate change affects winter chill for Temperate Fruit and nut trees
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Eike Luedeling, Evan H Girvetz, Mikhail A Semenov, Patrick H BrownAbstract:Background Temperate Fruit and nut trees require adequate winter chill to produce economically viable yields. Global warming has the potential to reduce available winter chill and greatly impact crop yields. Methodology/Principal Findings We estimated winter chill for two past (1975 and 2000) and 18 future scenarios (mid and end 21st century; 3 Global Climate Models [GCMs]; 3 greenhouse gas emissions [GHG] scenarios). For 4,293 weather stations around the world and GCM projections, Safe Winter Chill (SWC), the amount of winter chill that is exceeded in 90% of all years, was estimated for all scenarios using the “Dynamic Model” and interpolated globally. We found that SWC ranged between 0 and about 170 Chill Portions (CP) for all climate scenarios, but that the global distribution varied across scenarios. Warm regions are likely to experience severe reductions in available winter chill, potentially threatening production there. In contrast, SWC in most Temperate growing regions is likely to remain relatively unchanged, and cold regions may even see an increase in SWC. Climate change impacts on SWC differed quantitatively among GCMs and GHG scenarios, with the highest GHG leading to losses up to 40 CP in warm regions, compared to 20 CP for the lowest GHG. Conclusions/Significance The extent of projected changes in winter chill in many major growing regions of Fruits and nuts indicates that growers of these commodities will likely experience problems in the future. Mitigation of climate change through reductions in greenhouse gas emissions can help reduce the impacts, however, adaption to changes will have to occur. To better prepare for likely impacts of climate change, efforts should be undertaken to breed tree cultivars for lower chilling requirements, to develop tools to cope with insufficient winter chill, and to better understand the temperature responses of tree crops.
Vitor C. Pacheco Da Silva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrative taxonomy methods reveal high mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) diversity in southern Brazilian Fruit crops
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Vitor C. Pacheco Da Silva, Jean-françois Germain, Mehmet Bora Kaydan, Ferran Palero, Thibaut Malausa, Marcos BottonAbstract:The Serra Gaúcha region is the most important Temperate Fruit-producing area in southern Brazil. Despite mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) infesting several host plants in the region, there is a lack of information about the composition of species damaging different crops. A survey of mealybug species associated with commercial Fruit crops (apple, persimmon, strawberry and grapes) was performed in Serra Gaúcha between 2013 and 2015, using both morphology and DNA analyses for species identification. The most abundant species were Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret), found on all four host plant species, and Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell), infesting persimmon, vines and weeds. The highest diversity of mealybug species was found on persimmon trees, hosting 20 different taxa, of which Anisococcus granarae Pacheco da Silva & Kaydan, D . brevipes , Pseudococcus sociabilis Hambleton and Ps . viburni were the most abundant. A total of nine species were recorded in vineyards. Planococcus ficus (Signoret) and Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) were observed causing damage to grapes for the first time. A single species, Ps . viburni , was found associated with apples, while both Ps . viburni and Ferrisia meridionalis Williams were found on strawberry. Four of the mealybug species found represent new records for Brazil.
V. P. Da ,silva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrative taxonomy methods reveal high mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) diversity in southern Brazilian Fruit crops.
Scientific Reports v. 7 n. 15741 p. 1-9 2017., 2018Co-Authors: V. P. Da ,silva, Kaydan M. B., Malausa T., Germain J. F., Palero F., Botton M.Abstract:The Serra Gaúcha region is the most important Temperate Fruit-producing area in southern Brazil. Despite mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) infesting several host plants in the region, there is a lack of information about the composition of species damaging different crops. A survey of mealybug species associated with commercial Fruit crops (apple, persimmon, strawberry and grapes) was performed in Serra Gaúcha between 2013 and 2015, using both morphology and DNA analyses for species identification. The most abundant species were Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret), found on all four host plant species, and Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell), infesting persimmon, vines and weeds. The highest diversity of mealybug species was found on persimmon trees, hosting 20 different taxa, of which Anisococcus granarae Pacheco da Silva & Kaydan, D. brevipes, Pseudococcus sociabilis Hambleton and Ps. viburni were the most abundant. A total of nine species were recorded in vineyards. Planococcus ficus (Signoret) and Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) were observed causing damage to grapes for the first time. A single species, Ps. viburni, was found associated with apples, while both Ps. viburni and Ferrisia meridionalis Williams were found on strawberry. Four of the mealybug species found represent new records for Brazil.bitstream/item/170189/1/PachecodaSilvaetal.2017IntegrativetaxonomyMealybugs2017.pd
