Thermography

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Horst Biermann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • application of full surface view in situ Thermography measurements during ultrasonic fatigue of cast steel g42crmo4
    International Journal of Fatigue, 2015
    Co-Authors: Dominik Krewerth, Anja Weidner, T Lippmann, Horst Biermann
    Abstract:

    Abstract In the present investigation a full-surface view in situ Thermography method is adapted to an ultrasonic fatigue testing system. Full-surface view in situ Thermography measurements were successfully performed in the high cycle fatigue and in the very high cycle fatigue regime on cast steel G42CrMo4 in the quenched and tempered state. The method enables the monitoring of the entire cylindrical specimen circumference during fatigue testing by infrared temperature field measurements with one thermocamera and two mirrors. Moreover, by correlating fractography and Thermography the precise determination of the location of the crack initiation site and the time of final crack growth is possible. The technique is applied to study crack initiation at non-metallic inclusions in the investigated cast steel specimens. Moreover, the effect of a novel carbon-bonded metal melt filter coated with a functionalized spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ) coating is evaluated by ultrasonic fatigue testing in combination with the full-surface view in situ Thermography technique and subsequent scanning electron microscopy.

  • application of in situ Thermography for evaluating the high cycle and very high cycle fatigue behaviour of cast aluminium alloy alsi7mg t6
    Ultrasonics, 2013
    Co-Authors: Dominik Krewerth, Anja Weidner, Horst Biermann
    Abstract:

    The present paper illustrates the application of infrared thermal measurements for the investigation of crack initiation point and crack propagation in the high-cycle and the very high-cycle fatigue range of cast AlSi7Mg alloy (A356). The influence of casting defects, their location, size and amount was studied both by fractography and Thermography. Besides internal and surface fatigue crack initiation as a further crack initiation type multiple fatigue crack initiation was observed via in situ Thermography which can be well correlated with the results from fractography obtained by SEM investigations. In addition, crack propagation was studied by the development of the temperature measured via Thermography. Moreover, the frequency influence on high-cycle fatigue behaviour was investigated. The presented results demonstrate well that the combination of fractography and Thermography can give a significant contribution to the knowledge of crack initiation and propagation in the VHCF regime.

  • Investigation of the Damage Behavior of Cast Steel 42CrMo4 During Ultrasonic Fatigue by Combination of Thermography and Fractography
    Advanced Engineering Materials, 2013
    Co-Authors: Dominik Krewerth, Anja Weidner, Horst Biermann
    Abstract:

    The present paper illustrates the application of infrared Thermography measurements for the investigation of fatigue behavior of different types of defects in the high-cycle fatigue range of cast steel 42CrMo4 alloy (1.732). The influence of several defects on the fatigue damage behavior was studied by the combination of fractography and Thermography. Different crack initiation times and locations of several defects were detected and evaluated in one specimen. Furthermore, a direct correlation of fractography and Thermography was carried out. The presented results demonstrate well that the combination of fractography and Thermography can give a significant contribution to the knowledge of crack initiation and propagation modes during ultrasonic fatigue of 42CrMo4 steel.

Xavier Maldague - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • reliability assessment of pulsed Thermography and ultrasonic testing for impact damage of cfrp panels
    Ndt & E International, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yuxia Duan, Xavier Maldague, Hai Zhang, Marc Genest, Clemente Ibarracastanedo, Stefano Sfarra, Pierre Servais, Jianqiao Meng
    Abstract:

    Abstract In order to quantitatively compare the reliability of pulsed Thermography and ultrasonic testing techniques, a set of thirty-five Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) composite panels with impact damages are inspected by pulsed Thermography and ultrasonic C-scan. The comparative experimental results and Probability of Detection (PoD) analysis results are presented. The quantitative comparison shows that pulsed Thermography testing has smaller defect size at 90% PoD with 95% confidence level, i.e. a90/95 values than ultrasonic testing for the parameters and setup used in the inspections of these thirty-five CFRP composite panels.

  • optical and mechanical excitation Thermography for impact response in basalt carbon hybrid fiber reinforced composite laminates
    IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2018
    Co-Authors: Hai Zhang, Henrique Fernandes, Clemente Ibarracastanedo, Stefano Sfarra, Fabrizio Sarasini, Stefano Perilli, Yuxia Duan, J Peeters, Nicolas P Avdelidis, Xavier Maldague
    Abstract:

    In this paper, optical and mechanical excitation Thermography was used to investigate basalt-fiber-reinforced polymer, carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer, and basalt-carbon fiber hybrid specimens subjected to impact loading. Interestingly, two different hybrid structures including sandwich-like and intercalated stacking sequence were used. Pulsed phase Thermography, principal component Thermography, and partial least-squares Thermography (PLST) were used to process the thermographic data. X-ray computed tomography was used for validation. In addition, signal-to-noise ratio analysis was used as a means of quantitatively comparing the thermographic results. Of particular interest, the depth information linked to Loadings in PLST was estimated for the first time. Finally, a reference was provided for taking advantage of different hybrids in view of special industrial applications.

  • carbon fiber composites inspection and defect characterization using active infrared Thermography numerical simulations and experimental results
    Applied Optics, 2016
    Co-Authors: Henrique Fernandes, Hai Zhang, Clemente Ibarracastanedo, Alisson Figueiredo, Gilmar Guimarares, Xavier Maldague
    Abstract:

    Composite materials are widely used in the aeronautic industry. One of the reasons is because they have strength and stiffness comparable to metals, with the added advantage of significant weight reduction. Infrared Thermography (IT) is a safe nondestructive testing technique that has a fast inspection rate. In active IT, an external heat source is used to stimulate the material being inspected in order to generate a thermal contrast between the feature of interest and the background. In this paper, carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers are inspected using IT. More specifically, carbon/PEEK (polyether ether ketone) laminates with square Kapton inserts of different sizes and at different depths are tested with three different IT techniques: pulsed Thermography, vibroThermography, and line scan Thermography. The finite element method is used to simulate the pulsed Thermography experiment. Numerical results displayed a very good agreement with experimental results.

  • comparative study on submillimeter flaws in stitched t joint carbon fiber reinforced polymer by infrared Thermography microcomputed tomography ultrasonic c scan and microscopic inspection
    Optical Engineering, 2015
    Co-Authors: Hai Zhang, Ulf Hassler, Marc Genest, Henrique Fernandes, F Robitaille, Clemente Ibarracastanedo, Simon Joncas, Xavier Maldague
    Abstract:

    Stitching is used to reduce dry-core (incomplete infusion of T-joint core) and reinforce T-joint structure. However, it may cause new types of flaws, especially submillimeter flaws. Microscopic inspection, ultrasonic c-scan, pulsed Thermography, vibroThermography, and laser spot Thermography are used to investigate the internal flaws in a stitched T-joint carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) matrix composites. Then, a new microlaser line Thermography is proposed. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) is used to validate the infrared results. A comparison between microlaser line Thermography and microCT is performed. It was concluded that microlaser line Thermography can detect the internal submillimeter defects. However, the depth and size of the defects can affect the detection results. The microporosities with a diameter of less than 54   μ m are not detected in the microlaser line Thermography results. Microlaser line Thermography can detect the microporosity (a diameter of 0.162 mm) from a depth of 90   μ m . However, it cannot detect the internal microporosity (a diameter of 0.216 mm) from a depth of 0.18 mm. The potential causes are given. Finally, a comparative study is conducted.

  • ndt inspection of plastered mosaics by means of transient Thermography and holographic interferometry
    Ndt & E International, 2012
    Co-Authors: Panagiotis Theodorakeas, Xavier Maldague, Clemente Ibarracastanedo, Stefano Sfarra, Nicolas P Avdelidis, Maria Koui, D Paoletti, Dario Ambrosini
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this research work, experimental procedures by means of Transient Thermography and Holographic Interferometry were performed in order to detect subsurface tesserae areas of plastered mosaics. A mosaic sample consisted of various types of tesserae and covered with hydraulic lime mortar was evaluated in the laboratory with various transient thermal processing techniques such as Pulsed Phase Thermography, Thermographic Signal Reconstruction and Principal Component Thermography, as well as Holographic Interferometry in both real-time and double-exposure configurations. Results from the non-invasive investigation are presented and discussed, revealing that the above approaches can obtain a seeing through investigation of plastered mosaics.

Dominik Krewerth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • application of full surface view in situ Thermography measurements during ultrasonic fatigue of cast steel g42crmo4
    International Journal of Fatigue, 2015
    Co-Authors: Dominik Krewerth, Anja Weidner, T Lippmann, Horst Biermann
    Abstract:

    Abstract In the present investigation a full-surface view in situ Thermography method is adapted to an ultrasonic fatigue testing system. Full-surface view in situ Thermography measurements were successfully performed in the high cycle fatigue and in the very high cycle fatigue regime on cast steel G42CrMo4 in the quenched and tempered state. The method enables the monitoring of the entire cylindrical specimen circumference during fatigue testing by infrared temperature field measurements with one thermocamera and two mirrors. Moreover, by correlating fractography and Thermography the precise determination of the location of the crack initiation site and the time of final crack growth is possible. The technique is applied to study crack initiation at non-metallic inclusions in the investigated cast steel specimens. Moreover, the effect of a novel carbon-bonded metal melt filter coated with a functionalized spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ) coating is evaluated by ultrasonic fatigue testing in combination with the full-surface view in situ Thermography technique and subsequent scanning electron microscopy.

  • application of in situ Thermography for evaluating the high cycle and very high cycle fatigue behaviour of cast aluminium alloy alsi7mg t6
    Ultrasonics, 2013
    Co-Authors: Dominik Krewerth, Anja Weidner, Horst Biermann
    Abstract:

    The present paper illustrates the application of infrared thermal measurements for the investigation of crack initiation point and crack propagation in the high-cycle and the very high-cycle fatigue range of cast AlSi7Mg alloy (A356). The influence of casting defects, their location, size and amount was studied both by fractography and Thermography. Besides internal and surface fatigue crack initiation as a further crack initiation type multiple fatigue crack initiation was observed via in situ Thermography which can be well correlated with the results from fractography obtained by SEM investigations. In addition, crack propagation was studied by the development of the temperature measured via Thermography. Moreover, the frequency influence on high-cycle fatigue behaviour was investigated. The presented results demonstrate well that the combination of fractography and Thermography can give a significant contribution to the knowledge of crack initiation and propagation in the VHCF regime.

  • Investigation of the Damage Behavior of Cast Steel 42CrMo4 During Ultrasonic Fatigue by Combination of Thermography and Fractography
    Advanced Engineering Materials, 2013
    Co-Authors: Dominik Krewerth, Anja Weidner, Horst Biermann
    Abstract:

    The present paper illustrates the application of infrared Thermography measurements for the investigation of fatigue behavior of different types of defects in the high-cycle fatigue range of cast steel 42CrMo4 alloy (1.732). The influence of several defects on the fatigue damage behavior was studied by the combination of fractography and Thermography. Different crack initiation times and locations of several defects were detected and evaluated in one specimen. Furthermore, a direct correlation of fractography and Thermography was carried out. The presented results demonstrate well that the combination of fractography and Thermography can give a significant contribution to the knowledge of crack initiation and propagation modes during ultrasonic fatigue of 42CrMo4 steel.

Anja Weidner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • application of full surface view in situ Thermography measurements during ultrasonic fatigue of cast steel g42crmo4
    International Journal of Fatigue, 2015
    Co-Authors: Dominik Krewerth, Anja Weidner, T Lippmann, Horst Biermann
    Abstract:

    Abstract In the present investigation a full-surface view in situ Thermography method is adapted to an ultrasonic fatigue testing system. Full-surface view in situ Thermography measurements were successfully performed in the high cycle fatigue and in the very high cycle fatigue regime on cast steel G42CrMo4 in the quenched and tempered state. The method enables the monitoring of the entire cylindrical specimen circumference during fatigue testing by infrared temperature field measurements with one thermocamera and two mirrors. Moreover, by correlating fractography and Thermography the precise determination of the location of the crack initiation site and the time of final crack growth is possible. The technique is applied to study crack initiation at non-metallic inclusions in the investigated cast steel specimens. Moreover, the effect of a novel carbon-bonded metal melt filter coated with a functionalized spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ) coating is evaluated by ultrasonic fatigue testing in combination with the full-surface view in situ Thermography technique and subsequent scanning electron microscopy.

  • application of in situ Thermography for evaluating the high cycle and very high cycle fatigue behaviour of cast aluminium alloy alsi7mg t6
    Ultrasonics, 2013
    Co-Authors: Dominik Krewerth, Anja Weidner, Horst Biermann
    Abstract:

    The present paper illustrates the application of infrared thermal measurements for the investigation of crack initiation point and crack propagation in the high-cycle and the very high-cycle fatigue range of cast AlSi7Mg alloy (A356). The influence of casting defects, their location, size and amount was studied both by fractography and Thermography. Besides internal and surface fatigue crack initiation as a further crack initiation type multiple fatigue crack initiation was observed via in situ Thermography which can be well correlated with the results from fractography obtained by SEM investigations. In addition, crack propagation was studied by the development of the temperature measured via Thermography. Moreover, the frequency influence on high-cycle fatigue behaviour was investigated. The presented results demonstrate well that the combination of fractography and Thermography can give a significant contribution to the knowledge of crack initiation and propagation in the VHCF regime.

  • Investigation of the Damage Behavior of Cast Steel 42CrMo4 During Ultrasonic Fatigue by Combination of Thermography and Fractography
    Advanced Engineering Materials, 2013
    Co-Authors: Dominik Krewerth, Anja Weidner, Horst Biermann
    Abstract:

    The present paper illustrates the application of infrared Thermography measurements for the investigation of fatigue behavior of different types of defects in the high-cycle fatigue range of cast steel 42CrMo4 alloy (1.732). The influence of several defects on the fatigue damage behavior was studied by the combination of fractography and Thermography. Different crack initiation times and locations of several defects were detected and evaluated in one specimen. Furthermore, a direct correlation of fractography and Thermography was carried out. The presented results demonstrate well that the combination of fractography and Thermography can give a significant contribution to the knowledge of crack initiation and propagation modes during ultrasonic fatigue of 42CrMo4 steel.

Clemente Ibarracastanedo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • reliability assessment of pulsed Thermography and ultrasonic testing for impact damage of cfrp panels
    Ndt & E International, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yuxia Duan, Xavier Maldague, Hai Zhang, Marc Genest, Clemente Ibarracastanedo, Stefano Sfarra, Pierre Servais, Jianqiao Meng
    Abstract:

    Abstract In order to quantitatively compare the reliability of pulsed Thermography and ultrasonic testing techniques, a set of thirty-five Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) composite panels with impact damages are inspected by pulsed Thermography and ultrasonic C-scan. The comparative experimental results and Probability of Detection (PoD) analysis results are presented. The quantitative comparison shows that pulsed Thermography testing has smaller defect size at 90% PoD with 95% confidence level, i.e. a90/95 values than ultrasonic testing for the parameters and setup used in the inspections of these thirty-five CFRP composite panels.

  • optical and mechanical excitation Thermography for impact response in basalt carbon hybrid fiber reinforced composite laminates
    IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2018
    Co-Authors: Hai Zhang, Henrique Fernandes, Clemente Ibarracastanedo, Stefano Sfarra, Fabrizio Sarasini, Stefano Perilli, Yuxia Duan, J Peeters, Nicolas P Avdelidis, Xavier Maldague
    Abstract:

    In this paper, optical and mechanical excitation Thermography was used to investigate basalt-fiber-reinforced polymer, carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer, and basalt-carbon fiber hybrid specimens subjected to impact loading. Interestingly, two different hybrid structures including sandwich-like and intercalated stacking sequence were used. Pulsed phase Thermography, principal component Thermography, and partial least-squares Thermography (PLST) were used to process the thermographic data. X-ray computed tomography was used for validation. In addition, signal-to-noise ratio analysis was used as a means of quantitatively comparing the thermographic results. Of particular interest, the depth information linked to Loadings in PLST was estimated for the first time. Finally, a reference was provided for taking advantage of different hybrids in view of special industrial applications.

  • carbon fiber composites inspection and defect characterization using active infrared Thermography numerical simulations and experimental results
    Applied Optics, 2016
    Co-Authors: Henrique Fernandes, Hai Zhang, Clemente Ibarracastanedo, Alisson Figueiredo, Gilmar Guimarares, Xavier Maldague
    Abstract:

    Composite materials are widely used in the aeronautic industry. One of the reasons is because they have strength and stiffness comparable to metals, with the added advantage of significant weight reduction. Infrared Thermography (IT) is a safe nondestructive testing technique that has a fast inspection rate. In active IT, an external heat source is used to stimulate the material being inspected in order to generate a thermal contrast between the feature of interest and the background. In this paper, carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers are inspected using IT. More specifically, carbon/PEEK (polyether ether ketone) laminates with square Kapton inserts of different sizes and at different depths are tested with three different IT techniques: pulsed Thermography, vibroThermography, and line scan Thermography. The finite element method is used to simulate the pulsed Thermography experiment. Numerical results displayed a very good agreement with experimental results.

  • comparative study on submillimeter flaws in stitched t joint carbon fiber reinforced polymer by infrared Thermography microcomputed tomography ultrasonic c scan and microscopic inspection
    Optical Engineering, 2015
    Co-Authors: Hai Zhang, Ulf Hassler, Marc Genest, Henrique Fernandes, F Robitaille, Clemente Ibarracastanedo, Simon Joncas, Xavier Maldague
    Abstract:

    Stitching is used to reduce dry-core (incomplete infusion of T-joint core) and reinforce T-joint structure. However, it may cause new types of flaws, especially submillimeter flaws. Microscopic inspection, ultrasonic c-scan, pulsed Thermography, vibroThermography, and laser spot Thermography are used to investigate the internal flaws in a stitched T-joint carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) matrix composites. Then, a new microlaser line Thermography is proposed. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) is used to validate the infrared results. A comparison between microlaser line Thermography and microCT is performed. It was concluded that microlaser line Thermography can detect the internal submillimeter defects. However, the depth and size of the defects can affect the detection results. The microporosities with a diameter of less than 54   μ m are not detected in the microlaser line Thermography results. Microlaser line Thermography can detect the microporosity (a diameter of 0.162 mm) from a depth of 90   μ m . However, it cannot detect the internal microporosity (a diameter of 0.216 mm) from a depth of 0.18 mm. The potential causes are given. Finally, a comparative study is conducted.

  • ndt inspection of plastered mosaics by means of transient Thermography and holographic interferometry
    Ndt & E International, 2012
    Co-Authors: Panagiotis Theodorakeas, Xavier Maldague, Clemente Ibarracastanedo, Stefano Sfarra, Nicolas P Avdelidis, Maria Koui, D Paoletti, Dario Ambrosini
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this research work, experimental procedures by means of Transient Thermography and Holographic Interferometry were performed in order to detect subsurface tesserae areas of plastered mosaics. A mosaic sample consisted of various types of tesserae and covered with hydraulic lime mortar was evaluated in the laboratory with various transient thermal processing techniques such as Pulsed Phase Thermography, Thermographic Signal Reconstruction and Principal Component Thermography, as well as Holographic Interferometry in both real-time and double-exposure configurations. Results from the non-invasive investigation are presented and discussed, revealing that the above approaches can obtain a seeing through investigation of plastered mosaics.