The Experts below are selected from a list of 291 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Chrystopher L. Nehaniv - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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extending the Temporal Horizon of autonomous robots
Autonomous Minirobots for Research and Edutainment, 2006Co-Authors: Chrystopher L. Nehaniv, Kerstin Dautenhahn, N A Mirza, Rene Te I J A BoekhorstAbstract:We introduce mathematically rigorous metrics on agent experiences having various Temporal Horizons. Sensorimotor variables accessible to the agent are treated as information-theoretic sources modelled as random variables. The time series from the sensorimotor variables over a given Temporal region for different behavioural contexts ground an agent-based view of the agent’s own experiences, and the information-theoretic differences between sensorimotor experiences induce a metric space structure on the set of the agent’s possible experiences. This could allow an autonomous mobile robot to locate and navigate between its sensorimotor experiences on a geometric landscape (an experiential metric space) whose points are its possible experiences of a given Temporal scope and in which nearby points are similar experiences.
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AMiRE - Extending the Temporal Horizon of autonomous robots
Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Autonomous Minirobots for Research and Edutainment (AMiRE 2005), 2006Co-Authors: Chrystopher L. Nehaniv, Kerstin Dautenhahn, N A Mirza, I. René J. A. Te BoekhorstAbstract:We introduce mathematically rigorous metrics on agent experiences having various Temporal Horizons. Sensorimotor variables accessible to the agent are treated as information-theoretic sources modelled as random variables. The time series from the sensorimotor variables over a given Temporal region for different behavioural contexts ground an agent-based view of the agent’s own experiences, and the information-theoretic differences between sensorimotor experiences induce a metric space structure on the set of the agent’s possible experiences. This could allow an autonomous mobile robot to locate and navigate between its sensorimotor experiences on a geometric landscape (an experiential metric space) whose points are its possible experiences of a given Temporal scope and in which nearby points are similar experiences.
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Congress on Evolutionary Computation - Sensorimotor experience and its metrics: informational geometry and the Temporal Horizon
2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2005Co-Authors: Chrystopher L. NehanivAbstract:We introduce metrics on sensorimotor experience at various Temporal scales based on information-theory. Sensorimotor variables through which the experience of an agent flows are modeled as information sources in the sense of Shannon information theory. Information distance between the constellation of an embodied agent's sensorimotor variables at different moments in time can be taken variable-by-variable or between entire sets of such variables to yield two classes of metrics on sensorimotor experience: the Temporal experiential information distance and the Hausdorff metric on experience. Unlike mutual information, these measures each satisfy the metric axioms and thus induce a geometry on the space of experiences with the same Temporal scope. Continuity of maps between experiential spaces as well as robotic applications and extensions are discussed
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Sensorimotor experience and its metrics: informational geometry and the Temporal Horizon
2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2005Co-Authors: Chrystopher L. NehanivAbstract:We introduce metrics on sensorimotor experience at various Temporal scales based on information-theory. Sensorimotor variables through which the experience of an agent flows are modeled as information sources in the sense of Shannon information theory. Information distance between the constellation of an embodied agent's sensorimotor variables at different moments in time can be taken variable-by-variable or between entire sets of such variables to yield two classes of metrics on sensorimotor experience: the Temporal experiential information distance and the Hausdorff metric on experience. Unlike mutual information, these measures each satisfy the metric axioms and thus induce a geometry on the space of experiences with the same Temporal scope. Continuity of maps between experiential spaces as well as robotic applications and extensions are discussed
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Meaningful Information, Sensor Evolution, and the Temporal Horizon of Embodied Organisms
Artificial Life, 2002Co-Authors: Chrystopher L. Nehaniv, Daniel Polani, Kerstin DautenhahnAbstract:We survey and outline how an agent-centered, information-theoretic approach to meaningful information extending classical Shannon information theory by means of utility measures relevant for the goals of particular agents can be applied to sensor evolution for real and constructed organisms. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship of this approach to the programme of freeing artificial life and robotic systems from reactivity, by describing useful types of information with broader Temporal Horizon, for signaling, communication, affective grounding, two-process learning, individual learning, imitation and social learning, and episodic experiential information (memories, narrative, and culturally transmitted information).
Matteo Golfarelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ICDE - X-Time: Schema Versioning and Cross-Version Querying in Data Warehouses
2007 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Data Engineering, 2007Co-Authors: Stefano Rizzi, Matteo GolfarelliAbstract:In this demo we present X-Time, a prototype for managing schema versioning in relational data warehouses, specifically oriented to support the formulation of cross-version queries, i.e., queries whose Temporal Horizon spans multiple versions. The key issue to increase querying flexibility is the introduction of augmented schemata that properly extend previous schema versions.
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ER (Workshops) - Schema Versioning in Data Warehouses
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004Co-Authors: Matteo Golfarelli, Stefano Rizzi, Jens Lechtenbörger, Gottfried VossenAbstract:As several mature implementations of data warehousing systems are fully operational, a crucial role in preserving their up-to-dateness is played by the ability to manage the changes that the data warehouse (DW) schema undergoes over time in response to evolving business requirements. In this paper we propose an approach to schema versioning in DWs, where the designer may decide to undertake some actions on old data aimed at increasing the flexibility in formulating cross-version queries, i.e., queries spanning multiple schema versions. After introducing an algebra of DW schema operations, we define a history of versions for data warehouse schemata and discuss the relationship between the Temporal Horizon spanned by a query and the schema on which it can consistently be formulated.
N A Mirza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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extending the Temporal Horizon of autonomous robots
Autonomous Minirobots for Research and Edutainment, 2006Co-Authors: Chrystopher L. Nehaniv, Kerstin Dautenhahn, N A Mirza, Rene Te I J A BoekhorstAbstract:We introduce mathematically rigorous metrics on agent experiences having various Temporal Horizons. Sensorimotor variables accessible to the agent are treated as information-theoretic sources modelled as random variables. The time series from the sensorimotor variables over a given Temporal region for different behavioural contexts ground an agent-based view of the agent’s own experiences, and the information-theoretic differences between sensorimotor experiences induce a metric space structure on the set of the agent’s possible experiences. This could allow an autonomous mobile robot to locate and navigate between its sensorimotor experiences on a geometric landscape (an experiential metric space) whose points are its possible experiences of a given Temporal scope and in which nearby points are similar experiences.
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AMiRE - Extending the Temporal Horizon of autonomous robots
Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Autonomous Minirobots for Research and Edutainment (AMiRE 2005), 2006Co-Authors: Chrystopher L. Nehaniv, Kerstin Dautenhahn, N A Mirza, I. René J. A. Te BoekhorstAbstract:We introduce mathematically rigorous metrics on agent experiences having various Temporal Horizons. Sensorimotor variables accessible to the agent are treated as information-theoretic sources modelled as random variables. The time series from the sensorimotor variables over a given Temporal region for different behavioural contexts ground an agent-based view of the agent’s own experiences, and the information-theoretic differences between sensorimotor experiences induce a metric space structure on the set of the agent’s possible experiences. This could allow an autonomous mobile robot to locate and navigate between its sensorimotor experiences on a geometric landscape (an experiential metric space) whose points are its possible experiences of a given Temporal scope and in which nearby points are similar experiences.
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Congress on Evolutionary Computation - Using Temporal information distance to locate sensorimotor experience in a metric space
2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 1Co-Authors: N A Mirza, Kerstin Dautenhahn, Chrystopher L. Nehaniv, Rene Te BoekhorstAbstract:Information distance is used to measure how similar sensorimotor experience is to past experience within a certain Temporal Horizon. Applied to groups of sensors this gives a mathematical metric on sensorimotor experience over time. We show that for complex data from a robot, large scale similarity of experience can be discovered from the robot perspective, providing a means of building an experiential interaction history
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50 Years of Artificial Intelligence - Development via information self-structuring of sensorimotor experience and interaction
50 Years of Artificial Intelligence, 1Co-Authors: Chrystopher L. Nehaniv, N A Mirza, Lars OlssonAbstract:We describe how current work in Artificial Intelligence is using rigorous tools from information theory, namely information distance and experience distance to organize the self-structuring of sensorimotor perception, motor control, and experiential episodes with extended Temporal Horizon. Experience is operationalized from an embodied agent's own perspective as the flow of values taken by its sensors and effectors (and possibly other internal variables) over a Temporal window. Such methods allow an embodied agent to acquire the sensorimotor fields and control structure of its own body, and are being applied to pursue autonomous scaffolded proximal development in the zone between the familiar experience and the unknown.
Stefano Rizzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ICDE - X-Time: Schema Versioning and Cross-Version Querying in Data Warehouses
2007 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Data Engineering, 2007Co-Authors: Stefano Rizzi, Matteo GolfarelliAbstract:In this demo we present X-Time, a prototype for managing schema versioning in relational data warehouses, specifically oriented to support the formulation of cross-version queries, i.e., queries whose Temporal Horizon spans multiple versions. The key issue to increase querying flexibility is the introduction of augmented schemata that properly extend previous schema versions.
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ER (Workshops) - Schema Versioning in Data Warehouses
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004Co-Authors: Matteo Golfarelli, Stefano Rizzi, Jens Lechtenbörger, Gottfried VossenAbstract:As several mature implementations of data warehousing systems are fully operational, a crucial role in preserving their up-to-dateness is played by the ability to manage the changes that the data warehouse (DW) schema undergoes over time in response to evolving business requirements. In this paper we propose an approach to schema versioning in DWs, where the designer may decide to undertake some actions on old data aimed at increasing the flexibility in formulating cross-version queries, i.e., queries spanning multiple schema versions. After introducing an algebra of DW schema operations, we define a history of versions for data warehouse schemata and discuss the relationship between the Temporal Horizon spanned by a query and the schema on which it can consistently be formulated.
Warren K. Bickel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Temporal Horizon: Modulation by Smoking Status and Gender
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2009Co-Authors: Bryan A. Jones, Reid D. Landes, Warren K. BickelAbstract:Abstract Recently, delay discounting has been argued to be conceptually consistent with the notion of Temporal Horizon [Bickel, W.K., Yi, R., Kowal, B.P., Gatchalian, K.M., 2008. Cigarette smokers discount past and future rewards symmetrically and more than controls: is discounting a measure of impulsivity? Drug Alcohol Depend. 96, 256–262]. Temporal Horizon refers to the Temporal distance over which behavioral events or objects can influence behavior. Here we examine the results on two putative measures of Temporal Horizon, future time perspective (FTP) and delay discounting, collected over three separate studies ( n = 227), to determine the influence of smoking and gender on Temporal Horizon. By comparing the results on these Temporal Horizon measures we address our population of interest: women who smoke. One of the measures of FTP indicates that smoking women have a shorter Temporal Horizon than their nonsmoking counterparts. Additionally, the story completion measures of FTP are positively correlated with delay discounting. In contrast, results of delay discounting measures showed no difference between smoking women and nonsmoking women, while results of delay discounting measures indicated smoking men have a shorter Temporal Horizon than non-smoking men. Additionally, the results of the FTP story completion measure indicated that lower third income earners had a shortened Temporal Horizon compared to upper third income earners. A possible explanation for these results is explored, and the implications of the modulation of Temporal Horizon by gender and smoking are discussed.
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Temporal Horizons of cigarette satiety: determining the window of time over which recent smoking influences motivation to smoke.
Behavioural pharmacology, 2008Co-Authors: Benjamin P. Kowal, Warren K. Bickel, Reid D. LandesAbstract:One of the hallmarks of drug addiction is a limitation of the Temporal Horizon of events that affect the behavior of drug users. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the time period over which smoking was influenced by an earlier opportunity to smoke. Baseline sessions measured how much was smoked in a current opportunity when it was preceded by a two-hour wait time in which no smoking was allowed. Following the baseline phase, we examined the effects of Temporal distance when an earlier opportunity to smoke (upon completion of a FR100) preceded current smoking (upon completion of a PR). Temporal distance between these two opportunities to smoke was varied from 0 min to 120 min. We found that current smoking for the group was reduced from baseline levels when the Temporal distance was 0 min. At Temporal distances ranging from 30 min to 90 min, the individual's smoking returned to levels that were similar to baseline. Breakpoints were also a function of previous smoking, and latencies to first puff of the session followed a similar trend. These findings provide evidence of the limited Temporal Horizons related to smoking bouts of smokers and may provide a useful measure for metabolism differences across populations. In addition, we suggest that the quantitative description of satiety provided by our procedures may validate drug replacement therapies involved in cessation treatments.
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Understanding Addiction as a Pathology of Temporal Horizon
The Behavior Analyst Today, 2006Co-Authors: Warren K. Bickel, Benjamin P. Kowal, Kirstin M. GatchalianAbstract:The seemingly irrational behavior exhibited by individuals with addiction may be understood by considering their Temporal Horizon. In this paper, we reviewed published literature and current research concerning how delay discounting, a measure of Temporal Horizon, has been employed to understand addiction. Specifically, studies of delay discounting among addicted individuals and other psychiatric populations, current controversies in the delay discounting literature, and new developments were reviewed. Addicted individuals discount the long-term consequences of their behavior at a higher rate than matched controls. Current controversies illustrate the need for continued research. Given the rising interest in using delay discounting to understand addictive behaviors, in terms of both overt behavior and at the level of brain activity, we believe research in this field will continue to produce substantial progress for the next several years. Keywords: Temporal Horizon, delay discounting, impulsivity, neuroeconomics, trait, state ********** Addiction is a serious public health problem that is projected to cost over $245 billion to the US economy annually (NIDA InfoFacts: Costs to Society, 2005). One of the greatest challenges in understanding addiction is the seemingly irrational behavior exhibited by those affected. For example, it is hard to understand why an individual who knows about the risk of contracting a life-threatening disease would choose to use a hypodermic needle that some other individual has just used to inject drugs. We believe that such behavior and other persistent problems among individuals with addiction may be understood by considering their Temporal Horizon. Consider a study from our group where we asked opioid-dependent individuals and matched controls to complete a story that started: "After awakening, Bill began to think about his future. In general, he expected to ..." The specific events that each participant used to complete their story were not important. Instead we were interested in the time frame of their story. Opioid-dependent individuals referred to a future of nine days on average, while the controls referred to a future of 4.7 years (Petry, Bickel, & Arnett, 1998). This striking difference becomes a lens by which to view the behavior of the addicted. If one's Temporal Horizon entails only the next nine days, then considering the long-term consequences of sharing injecting equipment is not relevant because the consequences of those actions fall beyond that Temporal view. In that regard, these consequences may be discounted such that they are for all intents and purposes non-existent. Our view is that the seemingly irrational behavior of addicted individuals may be usefully considered as an extreme and continuing constriction of Temporal Horizon. In this paper, we will review how the behavioral economic concept of delay discounting has been employed to understand addiction. We will then review the extant literature on the discounting behavior among individuals who exhibit addictive behaviors, followed by examination of whether the extreme discounting among addicted individuals is a state or trait, and consideration of whether extreme Temporal discounting is reflective of impulsivity or Temporal Horizon. Finally, we will examine the implications of using discounting to understand addiction in the new scientific field of neuroeconomics. Delay Discounting Discounting of delayed reinforcers refers to the observation that behavioral effects of a reinforcer are modulated by the delay to its receipt (Logue, 1988). Said another way, the value of a delayed reinforcer is discounted (reduced in value or considered to be worth less) compared to the value of an immediate reinforcer. Indeed, discounting of delayed rewards seems intuitive because most individuals would prefer a reinforcer (e.g., $1,000) now rather than that same reinforcer later (Kirby, 1997). …
