The Experts below are selected from a list of 486 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yijun Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tenuivirus utilizes its glycoprotein as a helper component to overcome insect midgut barriers for its circulative and propagative transmission.
PLoS pathogens, 2019Co-Authors: Changwei Zhou, Xueping Zhou, Yijun Zhou, Xin Qian, Qing Xiang, Tongqing Yang, Xin Shun DingAbstract:Many persistent transmitted plant viruses, including rice stripe virus (RSV), cause serious damage to crop production worldwide. Although many reports have indicated that a successful insect-mediated virus transmission depends on a proper interaction between the virus and its insect vector, the mechanism(s) controlling this interaction remained poorly understood. In this study, we used RSV and its small brown planthopper (SBPH) vector as a working model to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the entrance of RSV virions into SBPH midgut cells for virus circulative and propagative transmission. We have determined that this non-enveloped Tenuivirus uses its non-structural glycoprotein NSvc2 as a helper component to overcome the midgut barrier(s) for RSV replication and transmission. In the absence of this glycoprotein, purified RSV virions were unable to enter SBPH midgut cells. In the RSV-infected cells, this glycoprotein was processed into two mature proteins: an amino-terminal protein (NSvc2-N) and a carboxyl-terminal protein (NSvc2-C). Both NSvc2-N and NSvc2-C interact with RSV virions. Our results showed that the NSvc2-N could bind directly to the surface of midgut lumen via its N-glycosylation sites. Upon recognition, the midgut cells underwent endocytosis followed by compartmentalization of RSV virions and NSvc2 into early and then late endosomes. The NSvc2-C triggered cell membrane fusion via its highly conserved fusion loop motifs under the acidic condition inside the late endosomes, leading to the release of RSV virions from endosomes into cytosol. In summary, our results showed for the first time that a rice Tenuivirus utilized its glycoprotein NSvc2 as a helper component to ensure a proper interaction between its virions and SBPH midgut cells for its circulative and propagative transmission.
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Tenuivirus uses a molecular bridge strategy to overcome insect midgut barriers for virus persistent transmission
2018Co-Authors: Changwei Zhou, Xueping Zhou, Yijun Zhou, Xin Qian, Qing Xiang, Tongqing Yang, Xin Shun DingAbstract:Many persistent transmitted plant viruses, including Rice stripe Tenuivirus (RSV), cause serious damages to crop productions in China and worldwide. Although many reports have indicated that successful insect-mediated virus transmission depends on proper virus–insect vector interactions, the mechanism(s) controlling interactions between viruses and insect vectors for virus persistent transmission remained poorly understood. In this study, we used RSV and its small brown planthopper (SBPH) vector as a working model to elucidate the molecular mechanism controlling RSV virion entrance into SBPH midgut for persistent transmission. We have now demonstrated that this non-enveloped Tenuivirus uses its non-structural glycoprotein NSvc2 as a helper component to bridge the specific interaction between virion and SBPH midgut cells, leading to overcome SBPH midgut barriers for virus persistent transmission. In the absence of this glycoprotein, purified RSV virion is not capable of entering SBPH midgut cells. In RSV-infected cells, glycoprotein NSvc2 is processed into two mature proteins: an amino-terminal protein NSvc2-N and a carboxyl-terminal protein NSvc2-C. We determined that NSvc2-N interacted with RSV virion and bound directly to midgut lumen surface via its N-glycosylation sites. Upon recognition by midgut cells, the midgut cells underwent endocytosis followed by compartmentalizing RSV virion and NSvc2 into early and then late endosomes. The acidic condition inside the late endosome triggered conformation change of NSvc2-C and caused cell membrane fusion via its highly conserved fusion loop motifs, leading to the release of RSV virion from endosome into cytosol. In summary, our results showed for the first time that a rice Tenuivirus uses a molecular bridge strategy to ensure proper interactions between virus and insect midgut for successful persistent transmission.
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Model-based structural and functional characterization of the Rice stripe Tenuivirus nucleocapsid protein interacting with viral genomic RNA.
Virology, 2017Co-Authors: Yijun Zhou, Xueping Zhou, Xiaorong TaoAbstract:Rice stripe Tenuivirus (RSV) is a filamentous, negative-strand RNA virus causing severe diseases on rice in Asian countries. The viral particle is composed predominantly of a nucleocapsid protein (NP) and genomic RNA. However, the molecular details of how the RSV NP interacts with genomic RNA during particle assembly remain largely unknown. Here, we modeled the NP-RNA complex and show that polar amino acids within a predicted groove of NP are critical for RNA binding and protecting the RNA from RNase digestion. RSV NP formed pentamers, hexamers, heptamers, and octamers. By modeling the higher-order structures, we found that oligomer formation was driven by the N-terminal amino arm of the NP. Deletion of this arm abolished oligomerization; the N-terminally truncated NP was less able to interact with RNA and protect RNA than was the wild type. These findings afford valuable new insights into molecular mechanism of RSV NPs interacting with genomic RNA.
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RNA-seq-based digital gene expression analysis reveals modification of host defense responses by rice stripe virus during disease symptom development in Arabidopsis
Virology journal, 2016Co-Authors: Sun Feng, Fang Peng, Du Linlin, Lan Ying, Zhou Tong, Yongjian Fan, Wenbiao Shen, Yijun ZhouAbstract:Background Virus infection induces and suppresses host gene expression on a global level. Rice stripe virus (RSV) is the type species of the genus Tenuivirus and infects rice and Arabidopsis plants. Microarray-based and next generation sequencing-based transcriptomic approaches have been used to study rice-RSV interactions. However, our knowledge of the response of Arabidopsis plants to RSV infection is limited, and it requires further investigation to determine the similarities (or differences) in virus-host interactions between monocot and dicot hosts infected with RSV.
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Rice Stripe Tenuivirus NSvc2 Glycoproteins Targeted to the Golgi Body by the N-Terminal Transmembrane Domain and Adjacent Cytosolic 24 Amino Acids via the COP I- and COP II-Dependent Secretion Pathway
Journal of virology, 2014Co-Authors: Min Yao, Xueping Zhou, Yijun Zhou, Xiaofan Liu, Xiaorong TaoAbstract:ABSTRACT The NSvc2 glycoproteins encoded by Rice stripe Tenuivirus (RSV) share many characteristics common to the glycoproteins found among Bunyaviridae. Within this viral family, glycoproteins targeting to the Golgi apparatus play a pivotal role in the maturation of the enveloped spherical particles. RSV particles, however, adopt a long filamentous morphology. Recently, RSV NSvc2 glycoproteins were shown to localize exclusively to the ER in Sf9 insect cells. Here, we demonstrate that the amino-terminal NSvc2 (NSvc2-N) targets to the Golgi apparatus in Nicotiana benthamiana cells, whereas the carboxyl-terminal NSvc2 (NSvc2-C) accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Upon coexpression, NSvc2-N redirects NSvc2-C from the ER to the Golgi bodies. The NSvc2 glycoproteins move together with the Golgi stacks along the ER/actin network. The targeting of the NSvc2 glycoproteins to the Golgi bodies was strictly dependent on functional anterograde traffic out of the ER to the Golgi bodies or on a retrograde transport route from the Golgi apparatus. The analysis of truncated and chimeric NSvc2 proteins demonstrates that the Golgi targeting signal comprises amino acids 269 to 315 of NSvc2-N, encompassing the transmembrane domain and 24 adjacent amino acids in the cytosolic tail. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that the glycoproteins from an unenveloped Tenuivirus could target Golgi bodies in plant cells. IMPORTANCE NSvc2 glycoprotein encoded by unenveloped Rice stripe Tenuivirus (RSV) share many characteristics in common with glycoprotein found among Bunyaviridae in which all members have membrane-enveloped sphere particle. Recently, RSV NSvc2 glycoproteins were shown to localize exclusively to the ER in Sf9 insect cells. In this study, we demonstrated that the RSV glycoproteins could target Golgi bodies in plant cells. The targeting of NSvc2 glycoproteins to the Golgi bodies was dependent on active COP II or COP I. The Golgi targeting signal was mapped to the 23-amino-acid transmembrane domain and the adjacent 24 amino acids of the cytosolic tail of the NSvc2-N. In light of the evidence from viruses in Bunyaviridae that targeting Golgi bodies is important for the viral particle assembly and vector transmission, we propose that targeting of RSV glycoproteins into Golgi bodies in plant cells represents a physiologically relevant mechanism in the maturation of RSV particle complex for insect vector transmission.
Xueping Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tenuivirus utilizes its glycoprotein as a helper component to overcome insect midgut barriers for its circulative and propagative transmission.
PLoS pathogens, 2019Co-Authors: Changwei Zhou, Xueping Zhou, Yijun Zhou, Xin Qian, Qing Xiang, Tongqing Yang, Xin Shun DingAbstract:Many persistent transmitted plant viruses, including rice stripe virus (RSV), cause serious damage to crop production worldwide. Although many reports have indicated that a successful insect-mediated virus transmission depends on a proper interaction between the virus and its insect vector, the mechanism(s) controlling this interaction remained poorly understood. In this study, we used RSV and its small brown planthopper (SBPH) vector as a working model to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the entrance of RSV virions into SBPH midgut cells for virus circulative and propagative transmission. We have determined that this non-enveloped Tenuivirus uses its non-structural glycoprotein NSvc2 as a helper component to overcome the midgut barrier(s) for RSV replication and transmission. In the absence of this glycoprotein, purified RSV virions were unable to enter SBPH midgut cells. In the RSV-infected cells, this glycoprotein was processed into two mature proteins: an amino-terminal protein (NSvc2-N) and a carboxyl-terminal protein (NSvc2-C). Both NSvc2-N and NSvc2-C interact with RSV virions. Our results showed that the NSvc2-N could bind directly to the surface of midgut lumen via its N-glycosylation sites. Upon recognition, the midgut cells underwent endocytosis followed by compartmentalization of RSV virions and NSvc2 into early and then late endosomes. The NSvc2-C triggered cell membrane fusion via its highly conserved fusion loop motifs under the acidic condition inside the late endosomes, leading to the release of RSV virions from endosomes into cytosol. In summary, our results showed for the first time that a rice Tenuivirus utilized its glycoprotein NSvc2 as a helper component to ensure a proper interaction between its virions and SBPH midgut cells for its circulative and propagative transmission.
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Tenuivirus uses a molecular bridge strategy to overcome insect midgut barriers for virus persistent transmission
2018Co-Authors: Changwei Zhou, Xueping Zhou, Yijun Zhou, Xin Qian, Qing Xiang, Tongqing Yang, Xin Shun DingAbstract:Many persistent transmitted plant viruses, including Rice stripe Tenuivirus (RSV), cause serious damages to crop productions in China and worldwide. Although many reports have indicated that successful insect-mediated virus transmission depends on proper virus–insect vector interactions, the mechanism(s) controlling interactions between viruses and insect vectors for virus persistent transmission remained poorly understood. In this study, we used RSV and its small brown planthopper (SBPH) vector as a working model to elucidate the molecular mechanism controlling RSV virion entrance into SBPH midgut for persistent transmission. We have now demonstrated that this non-enveloped Tenuivirus uses its non-structural glycoprotein NSvc2 as a helper component to bridge the specific interaction between virion and SBPH midgut cells, leading to overcome SBPH midgut barriers for virus persistent transmission. In the absence of this glycoprotein, purified RSV virion is not capable of entering SBPH midgut cells. In RSV-infected cells, glycoprotein NSvc2 is processed into two mature proteins: an amino-terminal protein NSvc2-N and a carboxyl-terminal protein NSvc2-C. We determined that NSvc2-N interacted with RSV virion and bound directly to midgut lumen surface via its N-glycosylation sites. Upon recognition by midgut cells, the midgut cells underwent endocytosis followed by compartmentalizing RSV virion and NSvc2 into early and then late endosomes. The acidic condition inside the late endosome triggered conformation change of NSvc2-C and caused cell membrane fusion via its highly conserved fusion loop motifs, leading to the release of RSV virion from endosome into cytosol. In summary, our results showed for the first time that a rice Tenuivirus uses a molecular bridge strategy to ensure proper interactions between virus and insect midgut for successful persistent transmission.
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Two Negative-Strand RNA Viruses Identified in Watermelon Represent a Novel Clade in the Order Bunyavirales.
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2017Co-Authors: Xueping Zhou, Xifeng WangAbstract:Two novel negative-sense, single-stranded (ss) RNA viruses were identified in watermelon plants and named watermelon crinkle leaf-associated virus 1 and 2 (WCLaV-1 and -2), respectively. The multipartite genomes consist of three RNA molecules of ~6.8, 1.4, and 1.3 kb. The genomes and the deduced proteins of RNA1 and RNA3 show features resembling those of members in the genus Phlebovirus and Tenuivirus; however, the predicted proteins encoded by RNA2 are related to the movement protein (MP) in the genus Ophiovirus and Emaravirus. Furthermore, these two viruses define a novel clade in the family Phenuiviridae, order Bunyavirales, which is phylogenetically related to the viruses in the above four genera. Moreover, after mechanical inoculation with WCLaV-1 seedlings of the natural host watermelon plants develop crinkling similar to those observed in the field. These findings enhance our understanding of the evolution and the classification of ssRNA viruses.
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Model-based structural and functional characterization of the Rice stripe Tenuivirus nucleocapsid protein interacting with viral genomic RNA.
Virology, 2017Co-Authors: Yijun Zhou, Xueping Zhou, Xiaorong TaoAbstract:Rice stripe Tenuivirus (RSV) is a filamentous, negative-strand RNA virus causing severe diseases on rice in Asian countries. The viral particle is composed predominantly of a nucleocapsid protein (NP) and genomic RNA. However, the molecular details of how the RSV NP interacts with genomic RNA during particle assembly remain largely unknown. Here, we modeled the NP-RNA complex and show that polar amino acids within a predicted groove of NP are critical for RNA binding and protecting the RNA from RNase digestion. RSV NP formed pentamers, hexamers, heptamers, and octamers. By modeling the higher-order structures, we found that oligomer formation was driven by the N-terminal amino arm of the NP. Deletion of this arm abolished oligomerization; the N-terminally truncated NP was less able to interact with RNA and protect RNA than was the wild type. These findings afford valuable new insights into molecular mechanism of RSV NPs interacting with genomic RNA.
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Research Advances in Negative-Strand Plant RNA Viruses
Current Research Topics in Plant Virology, 2016Co-Authors: Xiaorong Tao, Xueping ZhouAbstract:Plant negative-strand RNA viruses cause a number of significant diseases in agriculturally important crops worldwide. As the counterpart of mammalian-infecting viruses, the negative-strand plant viruses share similarities with mammalian viruses in their particle morphology and genome organization. Similar to mammalian-infecting viruses, the genomic RNAs of plant negative-strand viruses are associated with a nucleocapsid protein to form a ribonucleocapsid core which are minimal infectious units and essential for viral replication and transcription. To adapt to the plant host, plant negative-strand RNA viruses have evolved not only movement proteins to aid the viruses moving between plant cells but also RNA silencing suppressors to attack the plant innate immune system. In this article we present an overview of the negative-strand RNA plant viruses classified within the families Bunyaviridae, Ophioviridae, Rhabdoviridae and genera Tenuivirus, Emaravirus and Varicosavirus. We highlight important discoveries over the last decade regarding the replication, transcription, movement, suppression of RNA silencing, and insect transmission of these negative-strand viruses, and antiviral strategies.
Eric Verdin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sixty years after the first description: Genome sequence and biological characterization of European wheat striate mosaic virus infecting cereal crops
Phytopathology, 2020Co-Authors: Merike Sõmera, Anders Kvarnheden, Cécile Desbiez, Dag-ragnar Blystad, Pille Sooväli, Jiban Kumar Kundu, Mark Gantsovski, Jim Nygren, Hervé Lecoq, Eric VerdinAbstract:High throughput sequencing technologies were used to identify plant viruses in cereal samples surveyed from 2012 to 2017. Fifteen genome sequences of a Tenuivirus infecting wheat, oats and spelt in Estonia, Norway and Sweden were identified and characterized. Like most Tenuiviruses, the genome of this Tenuivirus contains four genomic segments. The isolates found from different countries shared at least 92% nucleotide sequence identity at the genome level. The planthopper Javesella pellucida was identified as a vector of the virus. Laboratory transmission tests using this vector indicated that wheat, oats, barley, rye and triticale, but none of the tested pasture grass species (Alopecurus pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Lolium multiflorum, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis) are susceptible. Taking into account the vector and host range data, the Tenuivirus we have found most probably represents European wheat striate mosaic virus first identified about sixty years ago. Interestingly, whereas we were not able to infect any of the tested cereal species mechanically, Nicotiana benthamiana was infected via mechanical inoculation in laboratory conditions, displaying symptoms of yellow spots and vein clearing evolving into necrosis, eventually leading to plant death. Surprisingly, one of the virus genome segments (RNA2) encoding both a putative host systemic movement enhancer protein and a putative vector transmission factor was not detected in N. benthamiana after several passages even though systemic infection was observed, raising fundamental questions about the role of this segment in the systemic spread in several hosts.
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Sixty Years After the First Description: Genome Sequence and Biological Characterization of European Wheat Striate Mosaic Virus Infecting Cereal Crops.
Phytopathology, 2019Co-Authors: Merike Sõmera, Anders Kvarnheden, Cécile Desbiez, Dag-ragnar Blystad, Pille Sooväli, Jiban Kumar Kundu, Mark Gantsovski, Jim Nygren, Hervé Lecoq, Eric VerdinAbstract:High-throughput sequencing technologies were used to identify plant viruses in cereal samples surveyed from 2012 to 2017. Fifteen genome sequences of a Tenuivirus infecting wheat, oats, and spelt in Estonia, Norway, and Sweden were identified and characterized by their distances to other Tenuivirus sequences. Like most Tenuiviruses, the genome of this Tenuivirus contains four genomic segments. The isolates found from different countries shared at least 92% nucleotide sequence identity at the genome level. The planthopper Javesella pellucida was identified as a vector of the virus. Laboratory transmission tests using this vector indicated that wheat, oats, barley, rye, and triticale, but none of the tested pasture grass species (Alopecurus pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Lolium multiflorum, Phleum pratense, and Poa pratensis), are susceptible. Taking into account the vector and host range data, the Tenuivirus we have found most probably represents European wheat striate mosaic virus first identified about 60 years ago. Interestingly, whereas we were not able to infect any of the tested cereal species mechanically, Nicotiana benthamiana was infected via mechanical inoculation in laboratory conditions, displaying symptoms of yellow spots and vein clearing evolving into necrosis, eventually leading to plant death. Surprisingly, one of the virus genome segments (RNA2) encoding both a putative host systemic movement enhancer protein and a putative vector transmission factor was not detected in N. benthamiana after several passages even though systemic infection was observed, raising fundamental questions about the role of this segment in the systemic spread in several hosts.
Katsuyoshi Yoneyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Non-viral sequences at the 5′ termini of mRNAs derived from virus-sense and virus-complementary sequences of the ambisense RNA segments of rice stripe Tenuivirus
Journal of General Virology, 1996Co-Authors: Takumi Shimizu, Katsumi Akutsu, Shigemitsu Toriyama, Mami Takahashi, Katsuyoshi YoneyamaAbstract:The three small segments of the four RNAs of the rice stripe Tenuivirus (RSV) genome have an ambisense coding strategy. The mRNA transcripts corresponding to open reading frames for the non-structural protein (NS4) and nucleocapsid protein (N), which are encoded on virus-sense (v) RNA 4 and virus-complementary sense (vc) RNA 3, respectively, were recovered from polysomes of RSV-infected wheat leaves, and their 5′ termini were analysed. The mRNAs derived from both v and vc sequences contained from 10 to 23 non-viral bases at their 5′ termini. Results of nucleotide sequence similarity analyses indicated that these non-viral heterogenous sequences may be derived from host cellular mRNAs. Taken together, these results suggest that the viral mRNA transcription of either v or vc sequences of ambisense segments of RSV is primed by non-viral oligonucleotides in vivo.
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non viral sequences at the 5 termini of mrnas derived from virus sense and virus complementary sequences of the ambisense rna segments of rice stripe Tenuivirus
Journal of General Virology, 1996Co-Authors: Takumi Shimizu, Katsumi Akutsu, Shigemitsu Toriyama, Mami Takahashi, Katsuyoshi YoneyamaAbstract:The three small segments of the four RNAs of the rice stripe Tenuivirus (RSV) genome have an ambisense coding strategy. The mRNA transcripts corresponding to open reading frames for the non-structural protein (NS4) and nucleocapsid protein (N), which are encoded on virus-sense (v) RNA 4 and virus-complementary sense (vc) RNA 3, respectively, were recovered from polysomes of RSV-infected wheat leaves, and their 5′ termini were analysed. The mRNAs derived from both v and vc sequences contained from 10 to 23 non-viral bases at their 5′ termini. Results of nucleotide sequence similarity analyses indicated that these non-viral heterogenous sequences may be derived from host cellular mRNAs. Taken together, these results suggest that the viral mRNA transcription of either v or vc sequences of ambisense segments of RSV is primed by non-viral oligonucleotides in vivo.
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Non-viral sequences at the 5' termini of mRNAs derived from virus-sense and virus-complementary sequences of the ambisense RNA segments of rice stripe Tenuivirus.
The Journal of general virology, 1996Co-Authors: T Shimizu, S Toriyama, M Takahashi, K Akutsu, Katsuyoshi YoneyamaAbstract:The three small segments of the four RNAs of the rice stripe Tenuivirus (RSV) genome have an ambisense coding strategy. The mRNA transcripts corresponding to open reading frames for the non-structural protein (NS4) and nucleocapsid protein (N), which are encoded on virus-sense (v) RNA 4 and virus-complementary sense (vc) RNA 3, respectively, were recovered from polysomes of RSV-infected wheat leaves, and their 5' termini were analysed. The mRNAs derived from both v and vc sequences contained from 10 to 23 non-viral bases at their 5' termini. Results of nucleotide sequence similarity analyses indicated that these non-viral heterogeneous sequences may be derived from host cellular mRNAs. Taken together, these results suggest that the viral mRNA transcription of either v or vc sequences of ambisense segments of RSV is primed by non-viral oligonucleotides in vivo.
Bryce W. Falk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Insect vector-mediated transmission of plant viruses.
Virology, 2015Co-Authors: Anna E Whitfield, Bryce W. Falk, Dorith RotenbergAbstract:The majority of plant-infecting viruses are transmitted to their host plants by vectors. The interactions between viruses and vector vary in duration and specificity but some common themes in vector transmission have emerged: 1) plant viruses encode structural proteins on the surface of the virion that are essential for transmission, and in some cases additional non-structural helper proteins that act to bridge the virion to the vector binding site; 2) viruses bind to specific sites in or on vectors and are retained there until they are transmitted to their plant hosts; and 3) viral determinants of vector transmission are promising candidates for translational research aimed at disrupting transmission or decreasing vector populations. In this review, we focus on well-characterized insect vector-transmitted viruses in the following genera: Caulimovirus, Crinivirus, Luteovirus, Geminiviridae, Reovirus, Tospovirus, and Tenuivirus. New discoveries regarding these genera have increased our understanding of the basic mechanisms of virus transmission by arthropods, which in turn have enabled the development of innovative strategies for breaking the transmission cycle.
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In vivo transfer of barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus ribonucleotides to the 5′ terminus of maize stripe Tenuivirus RNAs
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1998Co-Authors: Elizabeth M. Estabrook, James H. Tsai, Bryce W. FalkAbstract:The Tenuivirus maize stripe virus (MStV) shares many properties with viruses in the genus Phlebovirus of the family Bunyaviridae. Besides genome organization and gene expression strategies, one property shared by these plant- and vertebrate-infecting viruses is that transcription gives rise to virus-specific mRNAs containing nonviral 5′-terminal nucleotide sequences. The 5′-terminal nucleotides are believed to be derived from host mRNA sequences as a result of “cap-snatching.” We investigated whether specific nucleotide sequences could serve as primer donors for cap-snatching in vivo. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants were singly and doubly infected with MStV and the Hordeivirus barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV). A reverse transcription–PCR assay was used to identify chimeric BSMV/MStV RNAs. Specific reverse transcription–PCR products were detected from doubly infected plants by using one PCR primer corresponding to the 5′ termini of the BSMV RNAs (α, β, and γ) and a second primer complementary to MStV RNA 4. The resulting cDNAs were cloned, and nucleotide sequence analysis showed them to be chimeric, containing BSMV 5′-terminal sequences as well as MStV RNA 4 sequences. All clones contained the BSMV RNA 5′ primer nucleotide sequence, but they also showed characteristics common to Tenuivirus mRNAs. More than 80% of the clones contained BSMV RNA nucleotides not present on the PCR primer. Several lacked the exact 5′ terminus of MStV RNA 4, a feature also seen for viruses in the Bunyaviridae. These data show that heterologous virus RNAs (BSMV) can serve as primer donors for MStV mRNA capped RNA-primed transcription in doubly infected plants.
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in vivo transfer of barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus ribonucleotides to the 5 terminus of maize stripe Tenuivirus rnas
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1998Co-Authors: Elizabeth M. Estabrook, James H. Tsai, Bryce W. FalkAbstract:The Tenuivirus maize stripe virus (MStV) shares many properties with viruses in the genus Phlebovirus of the family Bunyaviridae. Besides genome organization and gene expression strategies, one property shared by these plant- and vertebrate-infecting viruses is that transcription gives rise to virus-specific mRNAs containing nonviral 5′-terminal nucleotide sequences. The 5′-terminal nucleotides are believed to be derived from host mRNA sequences as a result of “cap-snatching.” We investigated whether specific nucleotide sequences could serve as primer donors for cap-snatching in vivo. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants were singly and doubly infected with MStV and the Hordeivirus barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV). A reverse transcription–PCR assay was used to identify chimeric BSMV/MStV RNAs. Specific reverse transcription–PCR products were detected from doubly infected plants by using one PCR primer corresponding to the 5′ termini of the BSMV RNAs (α, β, and γ) and a second primer complementary to MStV RNA 4. The resulting cDNAs were cloned, and nucleotide sequence analysis showed them to be chimeric, containing BSMV 5′-terminal sequences as well as MStV RNA 4 sequences. All clones contained the BSMV RNA 5′ primer nucleotide sequence, but they also showed characteristics common to Tenuivirus mRNAs. More than 80% of the clones contained BSMV RNA nucleotides not present on the PCR primer. Several lacked the exact 5′ terminus of MStV RNA 4, a feature also seen for viruses in the Bunyaviridae. These data show that heterologous virus RNAs (BSMV) can serve as primer donors for MStV mRNA capped RNA-primed transcription in doubly infected plants.
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BIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF VIRUSES IN THE GENUS Tenuivirus
Annual review of phytopathology, 1998Co-Authors: Bryce W. Falk, James H. TsaiAbstract:▪ Abstract Viruses in the genus Tenuivirus (Tenuiviruses) cause a number of important diseases in economically important crop plants including rice and maize. Tenuiviruses are transmitted from plant to plant by specific planthopper vectors, and their transmission relationship is circulative-propagative. Thus, Tenuiviruses have host ranges including plants and animals (planthoppers). Four or five characteristic, circular ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs), each containing a single Tenuivirus genomic RNA, can be isolated from Tenuivirus-infected plants. The genomic RNAs range in size from ca 9.0 kb to 1.3 kb and together give a total genome size of ca 18–19 kb. The genomic RNAs are either negative-sense or ambisense, and expression of the ambisense RNAs utilizes cap-snatching during mRNA transcription. The combination of characteristics exhibited by Tenuiviruses are quite different than those found for most plant viruses and are more similar to vertebrate-infecting viruses in the genus Phlebovirus of the Bu...
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Maize stripe Tenuivirus RNA2 transcripts in plant and insect hosts and analysis of pvc2, a protein similar to the Phlebovirus virion membrane glycoproteins
Virus Genes, 1996Co-Authors: Elizabeth M. Estabrook, James H. Tsai, Kent Suyenaga, Bryce W. FalkAbstract:The complete sequence of the maize stripe Tenuivirus (MstV) RNA2 was determined (3337 nucleotides). RNA2 contains two large open reading frames (ORFs) arranged in an ambisense orientation and specific RNAs of ca. 700 and 2600 nucleotides corresponding to the ORFs were detected in MStV-infected plants and planthoppers. The deduced amino acid sequence of the 23,500 MW protein (pv2) encoded by viral RNA2 (vRNA2) was similar to proteins encoded by the rice stripe (RStV) and rice hoja blanca Tenuiviruses vRNA2. Sequence analysis suggested that pv2 is membrane associated. The 93,900 MW protein (pvc2) encoded by viral complementary MStV RNA2 (vcRNA2) was similar to the 94,000 MW protein of RStV RNA2 and to the virion membrane glycoproteins for Phlebovirus members of the Bunyaviridae . The phlebovirus glycoprotein cleavage sitewas similar to a region in the MStV and RStV proteins suggesting that the Tenuivirus pvc2 may be processed analogous to the phlebovirus glycoproteins.