The Experts below are selected from a list of 110901 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David Atkinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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temperature size responses match latitudinal size clines in arthropods revealing critical differences between aquatic and Terrestrial Species
Ecology Letters, 2015Co-Authors: Curtis R Horne, Andrew G Hirst, David AtkinsonAbstract:CH is supported by a Natural Environment Research Council Studentship NE/L501797/1. AGH was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (grant no. NE/L003279/1, Marine Ecosystems Research Programme).
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temperature size responses match latitudinal size clines in arthropods revealing critical differences between aquatic and Terrestrial Species
Ecology Letters, 2015Co-Authors: Curtis R Horne, Andrew G Hirst, David AtkinsonAbstract:Two major intraspecific patterns of adult size variation are plastic temperature-size (T-S) responses and latitude-size (L-S) clines. Yet, the degree to which these co-vary and share explanatory mechanisms has not been systematically evaluated. We present the largest quantitative comparison of these gradients to date, and find that their direction and magnitude co-vary among 12 arthropod orders (r(2) = 0.72). Body size in aquatic Species generally reduces with both warming and decreasing latitude, whereas Terrestrial Species have much reduced and even opposite gradients. These patterns support the prediction that oxygen limitation is a major controlling factor in water, but not in air. Furthermore, voltinism explains much of the variation in T-S and L-S patterns in Terrestrial but not aquatic Species. While body size decreases with warming and with decreasing latitude in multivoltine Terrestrial arthropods, size increases on average in univoltine Species, consistent with predictions from size vs. season-length trade-offs.
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warming induced reductions in body size are greater in aquatic than Terrestrial Species
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012Co-Authors: Jack Forster, Andrew G Hirst, David AtkinsonAbstract:Most ectothermic organisms mature at smaller body sizes when reared in warmer conditions. This phenotypically plastic response, known as the "temperature-size rule" (TSR), is one of the most taxonomically widespread patterns in biology. However, the TSR remains a longstanding life-history puzzle for which no dominant driver has been found. We propose that oxygen supply plays a central role in explaining the magnitude of ectothermic temperature-size responses. Given the much lower oxygen availability and greater effort required to increase uptake in water vs. air, we predict that the TSR in aquatic organisms, especially larger Species with lower surface area-body mass ratios, will be stronger than in Terrestrial organisms. We performed a meta-analysis of 1,890 body mass responses to temperature in controlled experiments on 169 Terrestrial, freshwater, and marine Species. This reveals that the strength of the temperature-size response is greater in aquatic than Terrestrial Species. In animal Species of ∼100 mg dry mass, the temperature-size response of aquatic organisms is 10 times greater than in Terrestrial organisms (-5.0% °C(-1) vs. -0.5% °C(-1)). Moreover, although the size response of small (<0.1 mg dry mass) aquatic and Terrestrial Species is similar, increases in Species size cause the response to become increasingly negative in aquatic Species, as predicted, but on average less negative in Terrestrial Species. These results support oxygen as a major driver of temperature-size responses in aquatic organisms. Further, the environment-dependent differences parallel latitudinal body size clines, and will influence predicted impacts of climate warming on food production, community structure, and food-web dynamics.
Andrew G Hirst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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temperature size responses match latitudinal size clines in arthropods revealing critical differences between aquatic and Terrestrial Species
Ecology Letters, 2015Co-Authors: Curtis R Horne, Andrew G Hirst, David AtkinsonAbstract:CH is supported by a Natural Environment Research Council Studentship NE/L501797/1. AGH was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (grant no. NE/L003279/1, Marine Ecosystems Research Programme).
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temperature size responses match latitudinal size clines in arthropods revealing critical differences between aquatic and Terrestrial Species
Ecology Letters, 2015Co-Authors: Curtis R Horne, Andrew G Hirst, David AtkinsonAbstract:Two major intraspecific patterns of adult size variation are plastic temperature-size (T-S) responses and latitude-size (L-S) clines. Yet, the degree to which these co-vary and share explanatory mechanisms has not been systematically evaluated. We present the largest quantitative comparison of these gradients to date, and find that their direction and magnitude co-vary among 12 arthropod orders (r(2) = 0.72). Body size in aquatic Species generally reduces with both warming and decreasing latitude, whereas Terrestrial Species have much reduced and even opposite gradients. These patterns support the prediction that oxygen limitation is a major controlling factor in water, but not in air. Furthermore, voltinism explains much of the variation in T-S and L-S patterns in Terrestrial but not aquatic Species. While body size decreases with warming and with decreasing latitude in multivoltine Terrestrial arthropods, size increases on average in univoltine Species, consistent with predictions from size vs. season-length trade-offs.
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warming induced reductions in body size are greater in aquatic than Terrestrial Species
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012Co-Authors: Jack Forster, Andrew G Hirst, David AtkinsonAbstract:Most ectothermic organisms mature at smaller body sizes when reared in warmer conditions. This phenotypically plastic response, known as the "temperature-size rule" (TSR), is one of the most taxonomically widespread patterns in biology. However, the TSR remains a longstanding life-history puzzle for which no dominant driver has been found. We propose that oxygen supply plays a central role in explaining the magnitude of ectothermic temperature-size responses. Given the much lower oxygen availability and greater effort required to increase uptake in water vs. air, we predict that the TSR in aquatic organisms, especially larger Species with lower surface area-body mass ratios, will be stronger than in Terrestrial organisms. We performed a meta-analysis of 1,890 body mass responses to temperature in controlled experiments on 169 Terrestrial, freshwater, and marine Species. This reveals that the strength of the temperature-size response is greater in aquatic than Terrestrial Species. In animal Species of ∼100 mg dry mass, the temperature-size response of aquatic organisms is 10 times greater than in Terrestrial organisms (-5.0% °C(-1) vs. -0.5% °C(-1)). Moreover, although the size response of small (<0.1 mg dry mass) aquatic and Terrestrial Species is similar, increases in Species size cause the response to become increasingly negative in aquatic Species, as predicted, but on average less negative in Terrestrial Species. These results support oxygen as a major driver of temperature-size responses in aquatic organisms. Further, the environment-dependent differences parallel latitudinal body size clines, and will influence predicted impacts of climate warming on food production, community structure, and food-web dynamics.
Lynsey R Harper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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environmental dna edna metabarcoding of pond water as a tool to survey conservation and management priority mammals
Biological Conservation, 2019Co-Authors: Lynsey R Harper, Lori Lawson Handley, Angus Carpenter, Muhammad Ghazali, Cristina Di Muri, Callum J Macgregor, Thomas W Logan, Alan Law, Thomas BreithauptAbstract:Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding can identify Terrestrial taxa utilising aquatic habitats alongside aquatic communities, but Terrestrial Species' eDNA dynamics are understudied. We evaluated eDNA metabarcoding for monitoring semi-aquatic and Terrestrial mammals, specifically nine Species of conservation or management concern, and examined spatiotemporal variation in mammal eDNA signals. We hypothesised eDNA signals would be stronger for semi-aquatic than Terrestrial mammals, and at sites where individuals exhibited behaviours. In captivity, we sampled waterbodies at points where behaviours were observed (‘directed’ sampling) and at equidistant intervals along the shoreline (‘stratified’ sampling). We surveyed natural ponds (N = 6) where focal Species were present using stratified water sampling, camera traps, and field signs. eDNA samples were metabarcoded using vertebrate-specific primers. All focal Species were detected in captivity. eDNA signal strength did not differ between directed and stratified samples across or within Species, between semi-aquatic or Terrestrial Species, or according to behaviours. eDNA was evenly distributed in artificial waterbodies, but unevenly distributed in natural ponds. Survey methods deployed at natural ponds shared three Species detections. Metabarcoding missed badger and red fox recorded by cameras and field signs, but detected small mammals these tools overlooked, e.g. water vole. Terrestrial mammal eDNA signals were weaker and detected less frequently than semi-aquatic mammal eDNA signals. eDNA metabarcoding could enhance mammal monitoring through large-scale, multi-Species distribution assessment for priority and difficult to survey Species, and provide early indication of range expansions or contractions. However, eDNA surveys need high spatiotemporal resolution and metabarcoding biases require further investigation before routine implementation.
Robert G. Sheath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE GREEN ALGAL ORDER PRASIOLALES (TREBOUXIOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYTA)1
Journal of Phycology, 2007Co-Authors: Fabio Rindi, Lynne Mcivor, Michael D. Guiry, Alison R. Sherwood, Robert G. SheathAbstract:The systematics of the Prasiolales was investigated by phylogenetic inference based on analyses of the rbcL and 18S rRNA genes for representatives of all four genera currently attributed to this order (Prasiococcus, Prasiola, Prasiolopsis, Rosenvingiella), including all type Species. The rbcL gene had higher sequence divergence than the 18S rRNA gene and was more useful for phylogenetic inference at the ranks of genus and Species. In the rbcL gene phylogeny, three main clades were observed, corresponding to Prasiola, Prasiolopsis, and Rosenvingiella. Prasiococcus was nested among Species of Prasiola occurring in subaerial and supralittoral habitats. Trichophilus welckeri Weber Bosse, a subaerial alga occurring in the fur of sloths in Amazonia, was closely related to Prasiolopsis ramosa Vischer. The Species of Prasiola were grouped into three well-supported clades comprising (i) marine Species, (ii) freshwater and Terrestrial Species with linear blades, and (iii) Terrestrial Species with rounded or fan-shaped blades. Sequence divergence was unexpectedly low in the marine group, which included Species with different morphologies. For the 18S rRNA gene, the phylogenetic analyses produced several clades observed for the rbcL gene sequence analysis, but, due to very little sequence variation, it showed considerably lower resolution for inference at the Species and genus levels. Due to the low support of some internal branches, the results of the analyses did not allow an unambiguous clarification of the origin and the early evolution of the Prasiolales.
Thomas Breithaupt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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environmental dna edna metabarcoding of pond water as a tool to survey conservation and management priority mammals
Biological Conservation, 2019Co-Authors: Lynsey R Harper, Lori Lawson Handley, Angus Carpenter, Muhammad Ghazali, Cristina Di Muri, Callum J Macgregor, Thomas W Logan, Alan Law, Thomas BreithauptAbstract:Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding can identify Terrestrial taxa utilising aquatic habitats alongside aquatic communities, but Terrestrial Species' eDNA dynamics are understudied. We evaluated eDNA metabarcoding for monitoring semi-aquatic and Terrestrial mammals, specifically nine Species of conservation or management concern, and examined spatiotemporal variation in mammal eDNA signals. We hypothesised eDNA signals would be stronger for semi-aquatic than Terrestrial mammals, and at sites where individuals exhibited behaviours. In captivity, we sampled waterbodies at points where behaviours were observed (‘directed’ sampling) and at equidistant intervals along the shoreline (‘stratified’ sampling). We surveyed natural ponds (N = 6) where focal Species were present using stratified water sampling, camera traps, and field signs. eDNA samples were metabarcoded using vertebrate-specific primers. All focal Species were detected in captivity. eDNA signal strength did not differ between directed and stratified samples across or within Species, between semi-aquatic or Terrestrial Species, or according to behaviours. eDNA was evenly distributed in artificial waterbodies, but unevenly distributed in natural ponds. Survey methods deployed at natural ponds shared three Species detections. Metabarcoding missed badger and red fox recorded by cameras and field signs, but detected small mammals these tools overlooked, e.g. water vole. Terrestrial mammal eDNA signals were weaker and detected less frequently than semi-aquatic mammal eDNA signals. eDNA metabarcoding could enhance mammal monitoring through large-scale, multi-Species distribution assessment for priority and difficult to survey Species, and provide early indication of range expansions or contractions. However, eDNA surveys need high spatiotemporal resolution and metabarcoding biases require further investigation before routine implementation.
