The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
C.g.d. Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Epidemiology of tropical Theileriosis (Theileria annulata infection of cattle) in an endemic region of Tunisia: characterisation of endemicity states
Veterinary Parasitology, 1996Co-Authors: M.e.a. Darghouth, A. Bouattour, L. Ben Miled, M. Kilani, C.g.d. BrownAbstract:A serological survey on tropical Theileriosis was conducted on a sample of 54 farms in a region within the semi-arid bioclimatic zone of Tunisia. Screening of cattle sera at a dilution of 1/160 using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test with the schizont antigen of Theileria annulata, revealed the presence of animals with positive sera in 92.15% of the sampled farms. The exposure of calves to infection in the first season was shown to be significantly lower than in older cattle. Three endemic situations were identified based on the serological profiles of herds and the incidence and age distribution of disease cases. Endemic stability was observed in farms showing a sero-prevalence of 100% in cattle of four Theileriosis seasons or more and by the incidence of the highest disease levels in cattle at their second and third Theileriosis season. High endemic instability was identified on the basis of low sero-prevalence rates and the occurrence of the highest disease incidence in cattle at fourth Theileriosis season or more.
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Epidemiology of tropical Theileriosis (Theileria annulata infection of cattle) in an endemic region of Tunisia: characterisation of endemicity states
Veterinary parasitology, 1996Co-Authors: M.e.a. Darghouth, A. Bouattour, M. Kilani, L. Ben Miled, C.g.d. BrownAbstract:Abstract A serological survey on tropical Theileriosis was conducted on sample of 54 farms in a region within the semi-arid bioclimatic zone of Tunisia. Screening of cattle sera at a dilution of 1/160 using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test with the schizont antigen of Theileria annulata ,revealed the presence of animals with positive sera in 92.15% of the sampled farms. The exposure of calves to infection in the first season was shown to be significantly lower than in older cattle. Three endemic situations were identified based on the serological profiles of herds and the incidence and age distribution of disease cases. Endemic stability was obsered in farms showing a sero-prevalence of 100% in calves at first disease season. Low endemic instability was recognised by a sero-prevalence of 100% in cattle of four Theileriosis seasons or more and by the incidence of the highest disease levels in cattle at their second and third Theileriosis season. High endemic instability was identified on the basis of low-prevalencerates and the occurrence of the highest disease incidence in cattle at fourth Theileriosis season or more.
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tropical Theileriosis in bos taurus and bos taurus cross bos indicus calves response to infection with graded doses of sporozoites of theileria annulata
Research in Veterinary Science, 1992Co-Authors: Patricia M Preston, C.g.d. Brown, L Bellsakyi, Wendy Richardson, A SandersonAbstract:This work extends basic knowledge of tropical Theileriosis in taurine and crossbred cattle. Infection of Bos taurus and Bos taurus cross Bos indicus (Sahiwal) calves with graded doses of sporozoites of Theileria annulata (Hissar), an Indian stock of the parasite, showed the following to be dose dependent in both cattle types: the time to appearance and population size of macroschizonts, microschizonts and piroplasms, time and severity of pyrexia, anaemia manifested by erythrocyte counts and haematocrit. All infections were accompanied by a prompt and severe panleucopenia. This effect was dose related in both the taurine and the Sahiwal crossbred calves. Lymphocyte counts returned to preinfection levels in the blood of animals which recovered, but death from Theileriosis was characteristically accompanied by a persistent and severe lymphocytopenia. Flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies to bovine mononuclear cells was used to identify the lymphocyte subsets involved in lymphocytopenia. The outcome of infection was dose dependent in the crossbred calves but not in taurine calves. Although the results obtained did not differ qualitatively between the two cattle types, they provided some preliminary evidence for resistance to tropical Theileriosis in Sahiwal crossbred calves.
Eric Etter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spatio-temporal clustering and risk factor analysis of bovine Theileriosis (Theileria parva) in Zimbabwe from 1995 to 2018.
Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2021Co-Authors: Musaemura Manyenyeka, Whatmore Munetsi Tagwireyi, Munyaradzi Christopher Marufu, Reverend Moregood Spargo, Eric EtterAbstract:Bovine Theileriosis (caused by Theileria parva) is the most important tick-borne transboundary animal disease endemic to Zimbabwe, yet, its distribution dynamics data in the country remain scant and outdated. A retrospective study was conducted to determine high-risk areas of bovine Theileriosis and associated risk factors in Zimbabwe. Records on bovine Theileriosis spanning 23 years (January 1995 to December 2018) were obtained from the Epidemiological Unit of the Division of Field Veterinary Services of Zimbabwe (DVSZ). Data was analyzed using Studio R® version 11.0 for regression analysis and SatScan® version 9.4.6 for spatiotemporal clustering. Communal farmers (72 %), adult cattle (29%), the year 2018 (60%) and the hot wet season (42%) had the highest proportion (P < 0.05) of bovine Theileriosis cases recorded. Seven out of the country's ten provinces and 36 of its 59 districts were affected. Bovine Theileriosis was observed to lose seasonality when cases rose exponentially in 2018. Five and four high-risk clusters of bovine Theileriosis were detected using one-year and one-month time aggregate respectively, all within the last seven years of the study (2011 - 2018). Two potential risk factors (province and farming system) were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with bovine Theileriosis occurrence. Bovine Theileriosis was found to be rampant and if left unchecked will spread and adversely affect the whole country. Improved Theileriosis surveillance and control is warranted. Recommendations for control and prevention strategies revolve around better farmer awareness about the disease, correct and consistent use of acaricides, cattle movement control and disease surveillance among others.
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Spatio‐temporal clustering and risk factor analysis of bovine Theileriosis ( Theileria parva ) in Zimbabwe from 1995 to 2018
Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2021Co-Authors: Musaemura Manyenyeka, Whatmore Munetsi Tagwireyi, Munyaradzi Christopher Marufu, Reverend Moregood Spargo, Eric EtterAbstract:ovine Theileriosis (caused by Theileria parva) is the most important tick-borne transboundary animal disease endemic to Zimbabwe, yet its distribution dynamics data in the country remain scant and outdated. A retrospective study was conducted to determine high-risk areas of bovine Theileriosis and associated risk factors in Zimbabwe. Records on bovine Theileriosis spanning 23 years (January 1995 to December 2018) were obtained from the Epidemiological Unit of the Division of Field Veterinary Services of Zimbabwe (DVSZ). Data were analysed using Studio R® version 11.0 for regression analysis and SatScan® version 9.4.6 for spatio-temporal clustering. Communal farmers (72%), adult cattle (29%), the year 2018 (60%) and the hot wet season (42%) had the highest proportion (p
Musaemura Manyenyeka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spatio-temporal clustering and risk factor analysis of bovine Theileriosis (Theileria parva) in Zimbabwe from 1995 to 2018.
Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2021Co-Authors: Musaemura Manyenyeka, Whatmore Munetsi Tagwireyi, Munyaradzi Christopher Marufu, Reverend Moregood Spargo, Eric EtterAbstract:Bovine Theileriosis (caused by Theileria parva) is the most important tick-borne transboundary animal disease endemic to Zimbabwe, yet, its distribution dynamics data in the country remain scant and outdated. A retrospective study was conducted to determine high-risk areas of bovine Theileriosis and associated risk factors in Zimbabwe. Records on bovine Theileriosis spanning 23 years (January 1995 to December 2018) were obtained from the Epidemiological Unit of the Division of Field Veterinary Services of Zimbabwe (DVSZ). Data was analyzed using Studio R® version 11.0 for regression analysis and SatScan® version 9.4.6 for spatiotemporal clustering. Communal farmers (72 %), adult cattle (29%), the year 2018 (60%) and the hot wet season (42%) had the highest proportion (P < 0.05) of bovine Theileriosis cases recorded. Seven out of the country's ten provinces and 36 of its 59 districts were affected. Bovine Theileriosis was observed to lose seasonality when cases rose exponentially in 2018. Five and four high-risk clusters of bovine Theileriosis were detected using one-year and one-month time aggregate respectively, all within the last seven years of the study (2011 - 2018). Two potential risk factors (province and farming system) were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with bovine Theileriosis occurrence. Bovine Theileriosis was found to be rampant and if left unchecked will spread and adversely affect the whole country. Improved Theileriosis surveillance and control is warranted. Recommendations for control and prevention strategies revolve around better farmer awareness about the disease, correct and consistent use of acaricides, cattle movement control and disease surveillance among others.
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Spatio‐temporal clustering and risk factor analysis of bovine Theileriosis ( Theileria parva ) in Zimbabwe from 1995 to 2018
Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2021Co-Authors: Musaemura Manyenyeka, Whatmore Munetsi Tagwireyi, Munyaradzi Christopher Marufu, Reverend Moregood Spargo, Eric EtterAbstract:ovine Theileriosis (caused by Theileria parva) is the most important tick-borne transboundary animal disease endemic to Zimbabwe, yet its distribution dynamics data in the country remain scant and outdated. A retrospective study was conducted to determine high-risk areas of bovine Theileriosis and associated risk factors in Zimbabwe. Records on bovine Theileriosis spanning 23 years (January 1995 to December 2018) were obtained from the Epidemiological Unit of the Division of Field Veterinary Services of Zimbabwe (DVSZ). Data were analysed using Studio R® version 11.0 for regression analysis and SatScan® version 9.4.6 for spatio-temporal clustering. Communal farmers (72%), adult cattle (29%), the year 2018 (60%) and the hot wet season (42%) had the highest proportion (p
M.e.a. Darghouth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Theileria annulata, past, present and future.pptx
2017Co-Authors: Mohamed Gharbi, M.e.a. DarghouthAbstract:Past, present and future of tropical Theileriosis in the Maghreb region
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ranking control options for tropical Theileriosis in at risk dairy cattle in tunisia using benefit cost analysis
Revue Scientifique Et Technique De L Office International Des Epizooties, 2011Co-Authors: Mohamed Gharbi, A Touay, M Khayeche, J Laarif, Mohamed Jedidi, Limam Sassi, M.e.a. DarghouthAbstract:An economic evaluation of various control programmes against Theileria annulata infection was conducted on a sample of 49 Tunisian dairy farms where clinical cases of tropical Theileriosis had been recorded during the summer. Indicators of morbidity and the prevalence of infection, as well as production and demographic indicators (recorded in the present survey ortaken from secondary sources), were used to rank the potential costs and benefits of various control programmes for tropical Theileriosis over a time horizon of 15 years. Three options were considered, i.e. vaccination with a local attenuated cell-line vaccine; partial barn upgrading, based on first roughcasting then smoothing all the walls of the animal premises (inner and outer surfaces); and applying acaricides to control the vector tick population on the cattle. The most important loss from this disease, representing between 22% and 38% of the overall losses, is the loss in milk yield from carriers of T. annulata. Upgrading barns produced the highest mean benefit-cost ratio (1.62 to 3.71), while the ratios for vaccination and acaricides ranged from 0.20 to 1.19 and 0.32 to 0.88, respectively. However, the benefit-cost ratio of vaccination increased (from 1.65 to 5.41), when the costs due to carrier state infection, which vaccination does not prevent, were ignored. Upgrading barns is a sustainable eradication policy against tropical Theileriosis, based on a single investment, and is environmentally friendly. This control option should be encouraged by national Veterinary Authorities in regions where tropical Theileriosis is transmitted by a domestic endophilic tick.
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Epidemiology of tropical Theileriosis (Theileria annulata infection of cattle) in an endemic region of Tunisia: characterisation of endemicity states
Veterinary Parasitology, 1996Co-Authors: M.e.a. Darghouth, A. Bouattour, L. Ben Miled, M. Kilani, C.g.d. BrownAbstract:A serological survey on tropical Theileriosis was conducted on a sample of 54 farms in a region within the semi-arid bioclimatic zone of Tunisia. Screening of cattle sera at a dilution of 1/160 using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test with the schizont antigen of Theileria annulata, revealed the presence of animals with positive sera in 92.15% of the sampled farms. The exposure of calves to infection in the first season was shown to be significantly lower than in older cattle. Three endemic situations were identified based on the serological profiles of herds and the incidence and age distribution of disease cases. Endemic stability was observed in farms showing a sero-prevalence of 100% in cattle of four Theileriosis seasons or more and by the incidence of the highest disease levels in cattle at their second and third Theileriosis season. High endemic instability was identified on the basis of low sero-prevalence rates and the occurrence of the highest disease incidence in cattle at fourth Theileriosis season or more.
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Epidemiology of tropical Theileriosis (Theileria annulata infection of cattle) in an endemic region of Tunisia: characterisation of endemicity states
Veterinary parasitology, 1996Co-Authors: M.e.a. Darghouth, A. Bouattour, M. Kilani, L. Ben Miled, C.g.d. BrownAbstract:Abstract A serological survey on tropical Theileriosis was conducted on sample of 54 farms in a region within the semi-arid bioclimatic zone of Tunisia. Screening of cattle sera at a dilution of 1/160 using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test with the schizont antigen of Theileria annulata ,revealed the presence of animals with positive sera in 92.15% of the sampled farms. The exposure of calves to infection in the first season was shown to be significantly lower than in older cattle. Three endemic situations were identified based on the serological profiles of herds and the incidence and age distribution of disease cases. Endemic stability was obsered in farms showing a sero-prevalence of 100% in calves at first disease season. Low endemic instability was recognised by a sero-prevalence of 100% in cattle of four Theileriosis seasons or more and by the incidence of the highest disease levels in cattle at their second and third Theileriosis season. High endemic instability was identified on the basis of low-prevalencerates and the occurrence of the highest disease incidence in cattle at fourth Theileriosis season or more.
Lindsay M Fry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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equid infective theileria cluster in distinct 18s rrna gene clades comprising multiple taxa with unusually broad mammalian host ranges
Parasites & Vectors, 2020Co-Authors: Richard P Bishop, Lowell S Kappmeyer, Cynthia Onzere, David Odongo, Naftaly Githaka, Kelly P Sears, Donald P Knowles, Lindsay M FryAbstract:Equine Theileriosis, a tick-transmitted disease caused by the hemoprotozoan parasites Theileria equi and Theileria haneyi, affects equids throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is a significant regulatory concern in non-endemic countries, where testing for equine Theileriosis is required prior to horse import to prevent parasite entry. Within endemic areas, infection causes significant morbidity and mortality, leading to economic losses. No vaccine for equine Theileriosis is available, and current drug treatment protocols are inconsistent and associated with significant side effects. Recent work has revealed substantial genetic variability among equine Theileriosis organisms, and analysis of ribosomal DNA from affected animals around the world indicates that the organisms can be grouped into five distinct clades. As these diverse parasites are capable of infecting a wide range of both tick and mammalian hosts, movement of different equine Theileria species between endemic countries, and eventually into non-endemic countries, is a significant concern. Furthermore, the substantial genetic variability of these organisms will likely render currently utilized importation diagnostic tests unable to detect all equine Theileria spp. To this end, more complete characterization of these diverse parasites is critical to the continued global control of equine Theileriosis. This review discusses current knowledge of equine Theileria spp. in this context, and highlights new opportunities and challenges for workers in this field.
