The Experts below are selected from a list of 243 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Patricia Palenzuela - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental parametric analysis of a solar pilot-scale multi-effect distillation plant
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2016Co-Authors: Patricia Palenzuela, Diego-césar Alarcón-padilla, Guillermo ZaragozaAbstract:AbstractA 72 m3/d pilot low-temperature multi-effect distillation plant located at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria has been experimentally characterized at steady state to study the influence of the variation in certain parameters that control the process (the hot water inlet temperature as external Thermal Energy Source and the last effect vapor temperature) on the distillate production, the Thermal consumption, and the Thermal Energy efficiency of the plant. Results allowed characterizing the increase in the water production and the Thermal consumption with the increase in the hot water inlet temperature and with the decrease in the last effect vapor temperature. The performance ratio reached its maximum when the last effect vapor temperature ranged from 25 to 35°C, since the temperature difference between effects was lower. The preliminary characterization of this plant provides useful experimental information for design criteria and for the analysis of control strategies of other large-scale MED plant...
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Integration of a Desalination Plant into a Concentrating Solar Power Plant
Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination Plants, 2015Co-Authors: Patricia Palenzuela, Diego-césar Alarcón-padilla, Guillermo ZaragozaAbstract:This chapter addresses the description and thermodynamic analysis for the integration of desalination plants into the power cycle described in Chap. 4. The systems chosen for this study combine a Concentrating Solar Power plant using parabolic-trough collector technology for electricity generation with various desalination plants, giving rise to what is known as a parabolic-trough concentrating solar power and desalination (PT-CSP + D) plant. The description of the PT-CSP plant, based on the Andasol-1 (Blanco-Marigorta et al., 2011) commercial plant, is detailed in Chap. 4, showing all the model equations. The desalination technologies selected to combine with the PT-CSP plant were multi-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO), as discussed in Chap. 1. On one hand, the simultaneous production of water and electricity using an RO plant connected to a CSP plant seems the simpler option. On the other hand, the integration of a low-temperature MED (LT-MED) plant is an interesting alternative because it allows replacement of the conventional power-cycle condenser by using exhaust steam as the Thermal Energy Source for the desalination plant. However, to satisfy demand, while providing a certain performance, the LT-MED plant inlet temperature should be around 70 °C (corresponding to 0.031 bar absolute), meaning that the steam does not completely expand through the turbine and therefore the power-cycle efficiency is low compared with a stand-alone electricity-generating plant. This is the reason why another alternative to the MED plant, MED with Thermal vapour compression (TVC), is considered. In this case, the steam expands completely in the turbine until it reaches the permitted value for the condenser conditions. However, part of the steam circulating through the turbine is extracted and used as high-pressure steam; this, together with the low-pressure steam coming from one of the MED effects, generates the inlet steam required in the first stage of the desalination plant. Moreover, in this study, a new concept of CSP + MED plants is evaluated (which, until now, has not been studied in published works), a Thermally fed LT-MED plant with steam coming from a thermocompressor (LT-MED + TVC). In this case, the low-pressure steam (the entrained vapour) used by the thermocompressor comes from the exhaust steam of a PT-CSP plant instead of one of the MED effects. In each of the systems studied, desalinated water production is evaluated as well as the power and efficiency of the dual Thermal solar power and desalinated water cycle.
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Steady state model for multi-effect distillation case study: Plataforma Solar de Almería MED pilot plant
Desalination, 2014Co-Authors: Patricia Palenzuela, Guillermo Zaragoza, Ashraf S. Hassan, Diego-césar Alarcón-padillaAbstract:Abstract A steady-state mathematical model of a vertically stacked forward feed multi-effect distillation (MED) plant has been carried out using a number of simplifying assumptions. The model has been developed taking into consideration the same design and operational characteristics as the pilot MED plant at Plataforma Solar de Almeria (PSA), in the southeast of Spain. It is a forward feed MED plant with preheaters, which uses low steam temperature coming from a parabolic-trough solar collector field as the Thermal Energy Source. The pilot plant has a special distillate distribution for increased Energy recovery which has also been taken into account in the model. This model is simple to implement and suitable for its use in optimization of water production in power and water cogeneration systems. The results of the model have been compared with the experimental data of the pilot plant showing a maximum prediction error of 9%.
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Parametric equations for the variables of a steady-state model of a multi-effect desalination plant
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2013Co-Authors: Patricia Palenzuela, Guillermo Zaragoza, D. Alarcón, Julián Blanco, Mercedes IbarraAbstract:Abstract In this work a steady-state model is developed of an MED plant. Its development and validation have been carried out by experimental data obtained from an MED pilot plant located at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria (PSA), in the southeast of Spain. It is a vertical arrangement forward-feed MED plant with preheaters, which uses hot water as the Thermal Energy Source. In order to run the model, a series of parametric equations have been determined for the following variables: the overall heat transfer coefficient for the first effect (U h), the overall heat transfer coefficient for the preheaters (U p(i)), the vapor temperature inside the first effect (Tv (1)), and the cooling seawater outlet temperature (T cwout). They have been obtained from a three-level factorial experimental design (3k), performing a total of 81 experiments (34). The results obtained showed a good fit to the estimated models for the response variables.
Diego-césar Alarcón-padilla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental parametric analysis of a solar pilot-scale multi-effect distillation plant
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2016Co-Authors: Patricia Palenzuela, Diego-césar Alarcón-padilla, Guillermo ZaragozaAbstract:AbstractA 72 m3/d pilot low-temperature multi-effect distillation plant located at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria has been experimentally characterized at steady state to study the influence of the variation in certain parameters that control the process (the hot water inlet temperature as external Thermal Energy Source and the last effect vapor temperature) on the distillate production, the Thermal consumption, and the Thermal Energy efficiency of the plant. Results allowed characterizing the increase in the water production and the Thermal consumption with the increase in the hot water inlet temperature and with the decrease in the last effect vapor temperature. The performance ratio reached its maximum when the last effect vapor temperature ranged from 25 to 35°C, since the temperature difference between effects was lower. The preliminary characterization of this plant provides useful experimental information for design criteria and for the analysis of control strategies of other large-scale MED plant...
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Integration of a Desalination Plant into a Concentrating Solar Power Plant
Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination Plants, 2015Co-Authors: Patricia Palenzuela, Diego-césar Alarcón-padilla, Guillermo ZaragozaAbstract:This chapter addresses the description and thermodynamic analysis for the integration of desalination plants into the power cycle described in Chap. 4. The systems chosen for this study combine a Concentrating Solar Power plant using parabolic-trough collector technology for electricity generation with various desalination plants, giving rise to what is known as a parabolic-trough concentrating solar power and desalination (PT-CSP + D) plant. The description of the PT-CSP plant, based on the Andasol-1 (Blanco-Marigorta et al., 2011) commercial plant, is detailed in Chap. 4, showing all the model equations. The desalination technologies selected to combine with the PT-CSP plant were multi-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO), as discussed in Chap. 1. On one hand, the simultaneous production of water and electricity using an RO plant connected to a CSP plant seems the simpler option. On the other hand, the integration of a low-temperature MED (LT-MED) plant is an interesting alternative because it allows replacement of the conventional power-cycle condenser by using exhaust steam as the Thermal Energy Source for the desalination plant. However, to satisfy demand, while providing a certain performance, the LT-MED plant inlet temperature should be around 70 °C (corresponding to 0.031 bar absolute), meaning that the steam does not completely expand through the turbine and therefore the power-cycle efficiency is low compared with a stand-alone electricity-generating plant. This is the reason why another alternative to the MED plant, MED with Thermal vapour compression (TVC), is considered. In this case, the steam expands completely in the turbine until it reaches the permitted value for the condenser conditions. However, part of the steam circulating through the turbine is extracted and used as high-pressure steam; this, together with the low-pressure steam coming from one of the MED effects, generates the inlet steam required in the first stage of the desalination plant. Moreover, in this study, a new concept of CSP + MED plants is evaluated (which, until now, has not been studied in published works), a Thermally fed LT-MED plant with steam coming from a thermocompressor (LT-MED + TVC). In this case, the low-pressure steam (the entrained vapour) used by the thermocompressor comes from the exhaust steam of a PT-CSP plant instead of one of the MED effects. In each of the systems studied, desalinated water production is evaluated as well as the power and efficiency of the dual Thermal solar power and desalinated water cycle.
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Steady state model for multi-effect distillation case study: Plataforma Solar de Almería MED pilot plant
Desalination, 2014Co-Authors: Patricia Palenzuela, Guillermo Zaragoza, Ashraf S. Hassan, Diego-césar Alarcón-padillaAbstract:Abstract A steady-state mathematical model of a vertically stacked forward feed multi-effect distillation (MED) plant has been carried out using a number of simplifying assumptions. The model has been developed taking into consideration the same design and operational characteristics as the pilot MED plant at Plataforma Solar de Almeria (PSA), in the southeast of Spain. It is a forward feed MED plant with preheaters, which uses low steam temperature coming from a parabolic-trough solar collector field as the Thermal Energy Source. The pilot plant has a special distillate distribution for increased Energy recovery which has also been taken into account in the model. This model is simple to implement and suitable for its use in optimization of water production in power and water cogeneration systems. The results of the model have been compared with the experimental data of the pilot plant showing a maximum prediction error of 9%.
Guillermo Zaragoza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental parametric analysis of a solar pilot-scale multi-effect distillation plant
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2016Co-Authors: Patricia Palenzuela, Diego-césar Alarcón-padilla, Guillermo ZaragozaAbstract:AbstractA 72 m3/d pilot low-temperature multi-effect distillation plant located at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria has been experimentally characterized at steady state to study the influence of the variation in certain parameters that control the process (the hot water inlet temperature as external Thermal Energy Source and the last effect vapor temperature) on the distillate production, the Thermal consumption, and the Thermal Energy efficiency of the plant. Results allowed characterizing the increase in the water production and the Thermal consumption with the increase in the hot water inlet temperature and with the decrease in the last effect vapor temperature. The performance ratio reached its maximum when the last effect vapor temperature ranged from 25 to 35°C, since the temperature difference between effects was lower. The preliminary characterization of this plant provides useful experimental information for design criteria and for the analysis of control strategies of other large-scale MED plant...
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Integration of a Desalination Plant into a Concentrating Solar Power Plant
Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination Plants, 2015Co-Authors: Patricia Palenzuela, Diego-césar Alarcón-padilla, Guillermo ZaragozaAbstract:This chapter addresses the description and thermodynamic analysis for the integration of desalination plants into the power cycle described in Chap. 4. The systems chosen for this study combine a Concentrating Solar Power plant using parabolic-trough collector technology for electricity generation with various desalination plants, giving rise to what is known as a parabolic-trough concentrating solar power and desalination (PT-CSP + D) plant. The description of the PT-CSP plant, based on the Andasol-1 (Blanco-Marigorta et al., 2011) commercial plant, is detailed in Chap. 4, showing all the model equations. The desalination technologies selected to combine with the PT-CSP plant were multi-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO), as discussed in Chap. 1. On one hand, the simultaneous production of water and electricity using an RO plant connected to a CSP plant seems the simpler option. On the other hand, the integration of a low-temperature MED (LT-MED) plant is an interesting alternative because it allows replacement of the conventional power-cycle condenser by using exhaust steam as the Thermal Energy Source for the desalination plant. However, to satisfy demand, while providing a certain performance, the LT-MED plant inlet temperature should be around 70 °C (corresponding to 0.031 bar absolute), meaning that the steam does not completely expand through the turbine and therefore the power-cycle efficiency is low compared with a stand-alone electricity-generating plant. This is the reason why another alternative to the MED plant, MED with Thermal vapour compression (TVC), is considered. In this case, the steam expands completely in the turbine until it reaches the permitted value for the condenser conditions. However, part of the steam circulating through the turbine is extracted and used as high-pressure steam; this, together with the low-pressure steam coming from one of the MED effects, generates the inlet steam required in the first stage of the desalination plant. Moreover, in this study, a new concept of CSP + MED plants is evaluated (which, until now, has not been studied in published works), a Thermally fed LT-MED plant with steam coming from a thermocompressor (LT-MED + TVC). In this case, the low-pressure steam (the entrained vapour) used by the thermocompressor comes from the exhaust steam of a PT-CSP plant instead of one of the MED effects. In each of the systems studied, desalinated water production is evaluated as well as the power and efficiency of the dual Thermal solar power and desalinated water cycle.
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Steady state model for multi-effect distillation case study: Plataforma Solar de Almería MED pilot plant
Desalination, 2014Co-Authors: Patricia Palenzuela, Guillermo Zaragoza, Ashraf S. Hassan, Diego-césar Alarcón-padillaAbstract:Abstract A steady-state mathematical model of a vertically stacked forward feed multi-effect distillation (MED) plant has been carried out using a number of simplifying assumptions. The model has been developed taking into consideration the same design and operational characteristics as the pilot MED plant at Plataforma Solar de Almeria (PSA), in the southeast of Spain. It is a forward feed MED plant with preheaters, which uses low steam temperature coming from a parabolic-trough solar collector field as the Thermal Energy Source. The pilot plant has a special distillate distribution for increased Energy recovery which has also been taken into account in the model. This model is simple to implement and suitable for its use in optimization of water production in power and water cogeneration systems. The results of the model have been compared with the experimental data of the pilot plant showing a maximum prediction error of 9%.
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Parametric equations for the variables of a steady-state model of a multi-effect desalination plant
Desalination and Water Treatment, 2013Co-Authors: Patricia Palenzuela, Guillermo Zaragoza, D. Alarcón, Julián Blanco, Mercedes IbarraAbstract:Abstract In this work a steady-state model is developed of an MED plant. Its development and validation have been carried out by experimental data obtained from an MED pilot plant located at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria (PSA), in the southeast of Spain. It is a vertical arrangement forward-feed MED plant with preheaters, which uses hot water as the Thermal Energy Source. In order to run the model, a series of parametric equations have been determined for the following variables: the overall heat transfer coefficient for the first effect (U h), the overall heat transfer coefficient for the preheaters (U p(i)), the vapor temperature inside the first effect (Tv (1)), and the cooling seawater outlet temperature (T cwout). They have been obtained from a three-level factorial experimental design (3k), performing a total of 81 experiments (34). The results obtained showed a good fit to the estimated models for the response variables.
Ioan Milosan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aspects of Thermal transfer in heat treatment of alloy steels using concentrated solar Energy
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2019Co-Authors: Dorin Catana, Inmaculada Canadas, Jose Rodriguez, Ioan MilosanAbstract:Heat treatments were applied to alloy steels (X210Cr12 and HS6-5-2-5) using concentrated solar Energy as the Thermal Energy Source. The characteristic of this treatment is that the Thermal Energy is transferred unidirectionally from the surface of the piece to the other layers. The studied steels were chosen due to the high temperatures recommended for the proposed heat treatments. The results of temperature measurements during heating of the samples with concentrated solar Energy matched well with corresponding simulations in terms of the temperature evolution. Because the heating is unidirectional, the temperature is not constant through the height of the sample, resulting in a variation of the hardness with the height. The results of this study show that the hardness of the samples treated by concentrated solar Energy was greater than that achieved using conventional Thermal treatment. Investigation of the modulus of elasticity and wear showed that application of the two types of heat treatment (conventional or with concentrated solar Energy) produced comparable results. Heat treatment with solar Energy can achieve positive results when the sample volume is large. It can be concluded that heat treatment with solar Energy is fast and ecological, and yields results comparable to those achieved by conventional heat treatment.
Paul Denholm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluating a concentrating solar power plant as an extended duration peaking reSource
Solar Energy, 2019Co-Authors: Kenjiro Yagi, Ramteen Sioshansi, Paul DenholmAbstract:Abstract We explore the ability of a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant with Thermal Energy storage (TES) to provide peaking capacity. We focus on future power systems, wherein net load patterns may be significantly different than they are today (e.g., due to higher renewable-Energy penetrations). We examine 28 locations in the southwestern United States over an 18-year period. The hourly operation of the CSP plants are simulated to determine their potential to provide Energy during an eight-hour peak-load window for each day up to 365 days per year. Our result shows that for the large majority of locations and years, CSP plants with certain configurations (i.e., in terms of solar field and TES sizes) can provide nearly 100% peak-load capacity. We examine also the amount of supplemental Energy (e.g., by using natural gas as a supplemental Thermal-Energy Source) that would be required to ensure that a CSP plant could serve the eight highest-load hours of every day of the year. We find that in most cases, a CSP plant supplemented with natural gas would require less than 5% of the fuel that is used by a natural-gas fired power plant providing the same level of reliable capacity. A series of sensitivity analyses show that these results are robust to the number of peak-load hours and days that are considered and the configuration of the CSP plant.