The Experts below are selected from a list of 165696 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lisa N S Shama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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latitudinal and voltinism compensation shape Thermal Reaction norms for growth rate
Molecular Ecology, 2011Co-Authors: Lisa N S Shama, Melina Camperopaz, M De Block, Mathias K Wegner, Robby StoksAbstract:Latitudinal variation in Thermal Reaction norms of key fitness traits may inform about the response of populations to climate warming, yet their adaptive nature and evolutionary potential are poorly known. We assessed the contribution of quantitative genetic, neutral genetic and environmental effects to Thermal Reaction norms of growth rate for populations of the damselfly Ischnura elegans. Among populations, Reaction norms differed primarily in elevation, suggesting that time constraints associated with shorter growth seasons in univoltine, high-latitude as well as multivoltine, low-latitude populations selected for faster growth rates. Phenotypic divergence among populations is consistent with selection rather than drift as QST was greater than FST in all cases. QST estimates increased with experimental temperature and were influenced by genotype by environment interactions. Substantial additive genetic variation for growth rate in all populations suggests that evolution of trait means in different environments is not constrained. Heritability of growth rates was higher at high temperature, driven by increased genetic rather than environmental variance. While environment-specific nonadditive effects also may contribute to heritability differences among temperatures, maternal effects did not play a significant role (where these could be accounted for). Genotype by environment interactions strongly influenced the adaptive potential of populations, and our results suggest the potential for microevolution of Thermal Reaction norms in each of the studied populations. In summary, the observed latitudinal pattern in growth rates is adaptive and results from a combination of latitudinal and voltinism compensation. Combined with the evolutionary potential of Thermal Reaction norms, this may affect populations’ ability to respond to future climate warming.
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latitudinal and voltinism compensation shape Thermal Reaction norms for growth rate
EPIC3Evolutionary potential in natural populations Workshop Sandberg Denmark 2010-04-11-2010-04-14, 2010Co-Authors: Lisa N S Shama, Melina Camperopaz, M De Block, Mathias Wegner, Robby StoksAbstract:Relationships between life history traits and latitude can be directly translated to the predicted response of populations to global change. Here, we assessed the relative importance of additive genetic, environmental, and neutral genetic effects on latitudinal variation of Thermal Reaction norms of growth rate for populations of the damselfly, Ischnura elegans. At the interpopulation level, Reaction norms differed primarily in elevation, suggesting that shorter growth seasons in both high latitude and bivoltine populations select for faster growth rates regardless of environmental temperature. Within populations, heritable variation for growth rate, as well as broad sense (family) genetic variance for plasticity suggests that Reaction norms are not constrained. However, partitioning of genetic variance into additive (VA) and non-additive effects revealed no significant additive (sire) genetic variance for plasticity, indicating that Reaction norms are not free to evolve. Heritability of growth rates were lower in unfavourable conditions (high temperature), likely due to the combined effects of reduced VA and increased environmental and non-additive genetic variance. Quantitative trait divergence (QST) was greater than neutral genetic divergence (FST) in all cases, showing that selection rather than drift is the main contributor to population divergence in growth rate. Additionally, QST estimates increased with experimental temperatures, indicating the presence of genotype by environment interactions.
Asher D Cutter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetically distinct behavioral modules underlie natural variation in Thermal performance curves
G3: Genes Genomes Genetics, 2019Co-Authors: Gregory W Stegeman, Scott Everet Baird, William S Ryu, Asher D CutterAbstract:Thermal Reaction norms pervade organismal traits as stereotyped responses to temperature, a fundamental environmental input into sensory and physiological systems. Locomotory behavior represents an especially plastic read-out of animal response, with its dynamic dependence on environmental stimuli presenting a challenge for analysis and for understanding the genomic architecture of heritable variation. Here we characterize behavioral Reaction norms as Thermal performance curves for the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae, using a collection of 23 wild isolate genotypes and 153 recombinant inbred lines to quantify the extent of genetic and plastic variation in locomotory behavior to temperature changes. By reducing the dimensionality of the multivariate phenotypic response with a function-valued trait framework, we identified genetically distinct behavioral modules that contribute to the heritable variation in the emergent overall behavioral Thermal performance curve. Quantitative trait locus mapping isolated regions on Chromosome II associated with locomotory activity at benign temperatures and Chromosome V loci related to distinct aspects of sensitivity to high temperatures, with each quantitative trait locus explaining up to 28% of trait variation. These findings highlight how behavioral responses to environmental inputs as Thermal Reaction norms can evolve through independent changes to genetically distinct modular components of such complex phenotypes.
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genetically distinct behavioral modules underlie natural variation in Thermal performance curves
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Gregory W Stegeman, Scott Everet Baird, William S Ryu, Asher D CutterAbstract:Thermal Reaction norms pervade organismal traits as stereotyped responses to temperature, a fundamental environmental input into sensory and physiological systems. Locomotory behavior represents an especially plastic read-out of animal response, with its dynamic dependence on environmental stimuli presenting a challenge for analysis and for understanding the genomic architecture of heritable variation. Here we characterize behavioral Reaction norms as Thermal performance curves for the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae , using a collection of 23 wild isolate genotypes and 153 recombinant inbred lines to quantify the extent of genetic and plastic variation in locomotory behavior to temperature changes. By reducing the dimensionality of the multivariate phenotypic response with a function-valued trait framework, we identified genetically distinct behavioral modules that contribute to the heritable variation in the emergent overall behavioral Thermal performance curve. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping isolated regions on Chromosome II associated with locomotory activity at benign temperatures and Chromosome V loci related to distinct aspects of sensitivity to high temperatures, with each QTL explaining up to 28% of trait variation. These findings highlight how behavioral responses to environmental inputs as Thermal Reaction norms can evolve through independent changes to genetically distinct modular components of such complex phenotypes.
Robby Stoks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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latitudinal and voltinism compensation shape Thermal Reaction norms for growth rate
Molecular Ecology, 2011Co-Authors: Lisa N S Shama, Melina Camperopaz, M De Block, Mathias K Wegner, Robby StoksAbstract:Latitudinal variation in Thermal Reaction norms of key fitness traits may inform about the response of populations to climate warming, yet their adaptive nature and evolutionary potential are poorly known. We assessed the contribution of quantitative genetic, neutral genetic and environmental effects to Thermal Reaction norms of growth rate for populations of the damselfly Ischnura elegans. Among populations, Reaction norms differed primarily in elevation, suggesting that time constraints associated with shorter growth seasons in univoltine, high-latitude as well as multivoltine, low-latitude populations selected for faster growth rates. Phenotypic divergence among populations is consistent with selection rather than drift as QST was greater than FST in all cases. QST estimates increased with experimental temperature and were influenced by genotype by environment interactions. Substantial additive genetic variation for growth rate in all populations suggests that evolution of trait means in different environments is not constrained. Heritability of growth rates was higher at high temperature, driven by increased genetic rather than environmental variance. While environment-specific nonadditive effects also may contribute to heritability differences among temperatures, maternal effects did not play a significant role (where these could be accounted for). Genotype by environment interactions strongly influenced the adaptive potential of populations, and our results suggest the potential for microevolution of Thermal Reaction norms in each of the studied populations. In summary, the observed latitudinal pattern in growth rates is adaptive and results from a combination of latitudinal and voltinism compensation. Combined with the evolutionary potential of Thermal Reaction norms, this may affect populations’ ability to respond to future climate warming.
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latitudinal and voltinism compensation shape Thermal Reaction norms for growth rate
EPIC3Evolutionary potential in natural populations Workshop Sandberg Denmark 2010-04-11-2010-04-14, 2010Co-Authors: Lisa N S Shama, Melina Camperopaz, M De Block, Mathias Wegner, Robby StoksAbstract:Relationships between life history traits and latitude can be directly translated to the predicted response of populations to global change. Here, we assessed the relative importance of additive genetic, environmental, and neutral genetic effects on latitudinal variation of Thermal Reaction norms of growth rate for populations of the damselfly, Ischnura elegans. At the interpopulation level, Reaction norms differed primarily in elevation, suggesting that shorter growth seasons in both high latitude and bivoltine populations select for faster growth rates regardless of environmental temperature. Within populations, heritable variation for growth rate, as well as broad sense (family) genetic variance for plasticity suggests that Reaction norms are not constrained. However, partitioning of genetic variance into additive (VA) and non-additive effects revealed no significant additive (sire) genetic variance for plasticity, indicating that Reaction norms are not free to evolve. Heritability of growth rates were lower in unfavourable conditions (high temperature), likely due to the combined effects of reduced VA and increased environmental and non-additive genetic variance. Quantitative trait divergence (QST) was greater than neutral genetic divergence (FST) in all cases, showing that selection rather than drift is the main contributor to population divergence in growth rate. Additionally, QST estimates increased with experimental temperatures, indicating the presence of genotype by environment interactions.
Xiaoming Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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small peptides hydrolyzed from pea protein and their maillard Reaction products as taste modifiers saltiness umami and kokumi enhancement
Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2021Co-Authors: Fang Yan, Khizar Hayat, Shahzad Hussain, Heping Cui, Qiang Zhang, Muhammad Tahir, Xiaoming ZhangAbstract:Pea protein was used to prepare the Maillard Reaction products (MRPs) through enzymatic hydrolysis and further Thermal Reaction with reducing sugar. A pronounced saltiness improvement in NaCl solution was observed by the addition of hydrolysates and their MRPs. Low-molecular-weight pea peptides had the strongest effect of saltiness and umami enhancement. The saltiness-enhancing effect of MRPs derived from hexoses was higher than that from pentoses. Molecular weight distribution and amino acid content of MRPs prepared under different time revealed that the hydrolysis of peptides and the initial Maillard Reaction of hydrolysis products were dominant at 1 h of Thermal Reaction. With the extension of heating time, further Reaction of small tasty peptides led to a decrease in the saltiness enhancement. The kokumi attribute was mainly contributed by the MRPs of small peptides. When the dosage of MRPs was 0.7% coupled with 0.4% NaCl, the saltiness of the solution was higher than that of the control (0.5% NaCl), which meant that the saltiness was not weakened even when the NaCl concentration was reduced by 20%. The results of the electronic tongue analysis were consistent with that of the sensory evaluation.
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formation kinetics of maillard Reaction intermediates from glycine ribose system and improving amadori rearrangement product through controlled Thermal Reaction and vacuum dehydration
Food Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Huan Zhan, Songlin Zhang, Muhammad Usman Tahir, Xiaoming Zhang, Khizar Hayat, Wei Tang, Shahzad Hussain, Chitang HoAbstract:Abstract Amadori rearrangement product (ARP) is an ideal flavor precursor. The formation kinetics of ARP from glycine–ribose system, 3-deoxyribosone (3-DR) and 1-deoxyribosone (1-DR) were evaluated, and then controlled Thermal Reaction (CTR) coupled with vacuum dehydration was proposed to improve the ARP yield. As key factors controlling the formation of byproducts, CTR temperature and time were optimized as 100 °C, 60 min based on the formation kinetics of the ARP and deoxyribosones. Vacuum dehydration was further used to increase the ARP yield from 0.77% to 64.50%, which was improved by 82.8 times, while 3-DR and 1-DR yield increased only by 1.5 and 3.7 times, respectively. The formation of ARP was the dominant Reaction during vacuum dehydration. Under optimal conditions, CTR coupled with vacuum dehydration was an effective method to control byproducts formation and improve the ARP yield simultaneously. This method may offer a potential application in flavor enhancement of light-color food.
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synergistic effect of a Thermal Reaction and vacuum dehydration on improving xylose phenylalanine conversion to n 1 deoxy d xylulos 1 yl phenylalanine during an aqueous maillard Reaction
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Heping Cui, Khizar Hayat, Chengsheng Jia, Emmanuel Duhoranimana, Qingrong Huang, Xiaoming ZhangAbstract:The synergistic effect of a Thermal Reaction and vacuum dehydration on the conversion of xylose (Xyl) and phenylalanine (Phe) to a Maillard-Reaction intermediate (MRI) was researched. The yield of N-(1-deoxy-α-d-xylulos-1-yl)-phenylalanine was successfully improved and increased from 13.62 to 47.23% through the method combining a Thermal Reaction and vacuum dehydration. A dynamic process was involved in the transformation of Xyl and Phe (Xyl-Phe) to N-substituted d-xylosamine and in the transformation of N-substituted d-xylosamine to N-(1-deoxy-α-d-xylulos-1-yl)-phenylalanine during the initial stage of dehydration; then, only the transformation of N-substituted d-xylosamine to N-(1-deoxy-α-d-xylulos-1-yl)-phenylalanine occurred during the final stage. Furthermore, the MRI was prepared under optimized conditions (90 °C and pH 7.4), and the obtained MRI was characterized and confirmed by ESI mass spectrometry and NMR.
Melina Camperopaz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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latitudinal and voltinism compensation shape Thermal Reaction norms for growth rate
Molecular Ecology, 2011Co-Authors: Lisa N S Shama, Melina Camperopaz, M De Block, Mathias K Wegner, Robby StoksAbstract:Latitudinal variation in Thermal Reaction norms of key fitness traits may inform about the response of populations to climate warming, yet their adaptive nature and evolutionary potential are poorly known. We assessed the contribution of quantitative genetic, neutral genetic and environmental effects to Thermal Reaction norms of growth rate for populations of the damselfly Ischnura elegans. Among populations, Reaction norms differed primarily in elevation, suggesting that time constraints associated with shorter growth seasons in univoltine, high-latitude as well as multivoltine, low-latitude populations selected for faster growth rates. Phenotypic divergence among populations is consistent with selection rather than drift as QST was greater than FST in all cases. QST estimates increased with experimental temperature and were influenced by genotype by environment interactions. Substantial additive genetic variation for growth rate in all populations suggests that evolution of trait means in different environments is not constrained. Heritability of growth rates was higher at high temperature, driven by increased genetic rather than environmental variance. While environment-specific nonadditive effects also may contribute to heritability differences among temperatures, maternal effects did not play a significant role (where these could be accounted for). Genotype by environment interactions strongly influenced the adaptive potential of populations, and our results suggest the potential for microevolution of Thermal Reaction norms in each of the studied populations. In summary, the observed latitudinal pattern in growth rates is adaptive and results from a combination of latitudinal and voltinism compensation. Combined with the evolutionary potential of Thermal Reaction norms, this may affect populations’ ability to respond to future climate warming.
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latitudinal and voltinism compensation shape Thermal Reaction norms for growth rate
EPIC3Evolutionary potential in natural populations Workshop Sandberg Denmark 2010-04-11-2010-04-14, 2010Co-Authors: Lisa N S Shama, Melina Camperopaz, M De Block, Mathias Wegner, Robby StoksAbstract:Relationships between life history traits and latitude can be directly translated to the predicted response of populations to global change. Here, we assessed the relative importance of additive genetic, environmental, and neutral genetic effects on latitudinal variation of Thermal Reaction norms of growth rate for populations of the damselfly, Ischnura elegans. At the interpopulation level, Reaction norms differed primarily in elevation, suggesting that shorter growth seasons in both high latitude and bivoltine populations select for faster growth rates regardless of environmental temperature. Within populations, heritable variation for growth rate, as well as broad sense (family) genetic variance for plasticity suggests that Reaction norms are not constrained. However, partitioning of genetic variance into additive (VA) and non-additive effects revealed no significant additive (sire) genetic variance for plasticity, indicating that Reaction norms are not free to evolve. Heritability of growth rates were lower in unfavourable conditions (high temperature), likely due to the combined effects of reduced VA and increased environmental and non-additive genetic variance. Quantitative trait divergence (QST) was greater than neutral genetic divergence (FST) in all cases, showing that selection rather than drift is the main contributor to population divergence in growth rate. Additionally, QST estimates increased with experimental temperatures, indicating the presence of genotype by environment interactions.
