The Experts below are selected from a list of 303 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
D S Gierada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ct of Thoracic Lymph Nodes part i anatomy and drainage
British Journal of Radiology, 2006Co-Authors: Thitiporn Suwatanapongched, D S GieradaAbstract:CT is the primary non-invasive technique for the diagnostic evaluation of Thoracic Lymph Nodes. The CT patterns and anatomic location of Thoracic Lymph node involvement can provide important clues in the diagnosis of many diseases. Part I of the pictorial review illustrates the anatomic location and drainage of Thoracic Lymph Nodes in the chest wall, mediastinum and lungs through examples of pathologic involvement. Part II of the pictorial review focuses on CT patterns of Lymph node involvement in various pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases, differential diagnoses based on CT findings and pitfalls.
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ct of Thoracic Lymph Nodes part ii diseases and pitfalls
British Journal of Radiology, 2006Co-Authors: Thitiporn Suwatanapongched, D S GieradaAbstract:CT is the primary non-invasive technique for the diagnostic evaluation of Thoracic Lymph Nodes. The CT patterns and anatomic location of Thoracic Lymph node involvement can provide important clues in the diagnosis of many diseases. Part I of the pictorial review illustrates the anatomic location and drainage of Thoracic Lymph Nodes in the chest wall, mediastinum, and lungs through examples of pathologic involvement. Part II of the pictorial review focuses on CT patterns of Lymph node involvement in various pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases, differential diagnoses based on CT findings, and pitfalls.
James E Kirby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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utility of microbiological testing of Thoracic Lymph Nodes sampled by endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration ebus tbna in patients with mediastinal Lymphadenopathy
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2016Co-Authors: Rebecca M Harris, Ramy Arnaout, Henry Koziel, Erik Folch, Adnan Majid, James E KirbyAbstract:Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) represents a minimally invasive technique to sample peribronchial and mediastinal Lymph Nodes for diagnosis of cancer, Lymphoma, or sarcoidosis. However, the value of EBUS-TBNA in diagnosis of respiratory infections has not been well explored. Here, microbiologic testing data for EBUS-TBNA samples collected from 82 patients over a 30-month period were retrospectively reviewed. No organisms were identified on Gram, acid-fast, or fungal stains. Bacterial cultures were positive in 52% of samples; however, all but 1 culture were considered contaminants. Mycobacterial cultures yielded Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare not identified in a concurrent bronchoalveolar lavage sample in 1 patient. Fungal cultures were negative. Overall, routine microbiologic tests on EBUS-TBNA samples do not appear sufficiently sensitive to rule out infectious causes of adenopathy. High clinical suspicion for infection may require modification of sampling techniques or more sensitive detection methods.
Thitiporn Suwatanapongched - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ct of Thoracic Lymph Nodes part i anatomy and drainage
British Journal of Radiology, 2006Co-Authors: Thitiporn Suwatanapongched, D S GieradaAbstract:CT is the primary non-invasive technique for the diagnostic evaluation of Thoracic Lymph Nodes. The CT patterns and anatomic location of Thoracic Lymph node involvement can provide important clues in the diagnosis of many diseases. Part I of the pictorial review illustrates the anatomic location and drainage of Thoracic Lymph Nodes in the chest wall, mediastinum and lungs through examples of pathologic involvement. Part II of the pictorial review focuses on CT patterns of Lymph node involvement in various pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases, differential diagnoses based on CT findings and pitfalls.
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ct of Thoracic Lymph Nodes part ii diseases and pitfalls
British Journal of Radiology, 2006Co-Authors: Thitiporn Suwatanapongched, D S GieradaAbstract:CT is the primary non-invasive technique for the diagnostic evaluation of Thoracic Lymph Nodes. The CT patterns and anatomic location of Thoracic Lymph node involvement can provide important clues in the diagnosis of many diseases. Part I of the pictorial review illustrates the anatomic location and drainage of Thoracic Lymph Nodes in the chest wall, mediastinum, and lungs through examples of pathologic involvement. Part II of the pictorial review focuses on CT patterns of Lymph node involvement in various pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases, differential diagnoses based on CT findings, and pitfalls.
Diethard Gemsa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long term inos expression in Thoracic Lymph Nodes of silicotic rats
Immunobiology, 2002Co-Authors: A Friedetzky, Diethard Gemsa, Veronika Grau, Marc Wieckenberg, Anja Lewen, Holger GarnAbstract:Summary Beside the lung, Thoracic Lymph Nodes are most affected during silicosis. The mechanisms leading to enlargement of the Lymph Nodes and partial activation of Lymph node cells are still unclear. The present study demonstrates an increase in iNOS mRNA expression in the lung draining Lymph Nodes of rats at 1, 2, and 8 months following silica exposure. Histopathological analysis revealed that iNOS protein was exclusively expressed by macrophages located within the granulomatous areas of the enlarged Lymph Nodes. In contrast, no differences in mRNA expression and number of iNOS-positive cells were found in the lungs of silica-exposed and non-exposed rats. In vitro experiments showed that silica particles alone did not induce NO release in primary alveolar macrophages (AMs) or the alveolar macrophage cell line NR8383. However, the addition of interferon (IFN)-g led to a significant nitric oxide production by primary AMs. NR8383 cells responded only when a combination of IFN-g and silica particles was applied. These results indicate that the macrophage activator IFN-g, which has already been shown to be expressed at elevated levels by Lymphocytes of the silicotic Lymph Nodes, may be responsible for the long-lasting iNOS expression in Thoracic Lymph Nodes. Our observations support the hypothesis that the mutual activation of Lymphocytes and macrophages is a central process in the development of chronic silicosis.
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experimental silicosis a shift to a preferential ifn γ based th1 response in Thoracic Lymph Nodes
American Journal of Physiology-lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 2000Co-Authors: Holger Garn, A Friedetzky, Andrea Kirchner, Ruth Jager, Diethard GemsaAbstract:In chronic silicosis, mechanisms leading to Lymphocyte activation are still poorly understood, although it is well known that not only the lung but also the draining Lymph Nodes are affected. In the present study, we investigated T-cell activation by analysis of cytokine expression in the enlarged Thoracic Lymph Nodes of rats 2 mo after an 8-day silica aerosol exposure. In the case of helper T cell (Th) type 1 cytokines, we found a significant increase in interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression, whereas interleukin (IL)-2 expression remained unchanged. In contrast, gene transcription for the Th2-type cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 was diminished. In addition, with use of an in vitro Lymphocyte-macrophage coculture system, an enhanced IFN-γ and a reduced IL-10 release were shown with cells from silicotic animals. With regard to IFN-γ-inducing cytokines, we observed enhanced IL-12 mRNA levels in vivo, whereas IL-18 gene expression was slightly decreased. These data indicate that a persistent shift toward an IFN-γ-dominated type 1 (Th1/cytotoxic T cell type 1) T-cell reaction pattern occurred within the Thoracic Lymph Nodes of silicotic animals. Thus a mutual activation of Lymphocytes and macrophages may maintain the chronic inflammatory changes that characterize silicosis.
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histopathological changes in enlarged Thoracic Lymph Nodes during the development of silicosis in rats
Immunobiology, 1998Co-Authors: A Friedetzky, Holger Garn, Andrea Kirchner, Diethard GemsaAbstract:Abstract Silicosis is primarily a fibrotic lung disease which also affects the draining Lymph Nodes.In the present study, we examined the Lymph Nodes of rats from 2 weeks to 52 weeks after an 8-day silica aerosol exposure.Parallel to the typical silicotic changes in the lungs, profound alterations occurred in both posterior mediastinal Lymph Nodes.The weight of the Lymph Nodes progressively increased from 3.5-fold to 35-fold at 52 weeks after silica exposure.The weight increase was accompanied by an early increase of T cells and preferentially of CD4+ cells at 2 weeks, which converted into a B cell increase at 6 weeks.Histologically, a leukocyte influx without apparent structural changes was noted at 2 weeks whereas at 6 weeks, germinal centers and T cell regions were disappearing and macrophages accumulated in granuloma-like structures which were randomly scattered throughout the Lymphoid tissue.Within the granulomas, macrophages were detected that carried ingested silica particles without apparent signs of degeneration or apoptosis.At 52 weeks after silica exposure, macrophage granulomas persisted without induction of fibrosis in both Lymph Nodes, and T and B cells were now evenly distributed within the tissue.These data extend our previous findings on Lymphocyte and macrophage activation and indicate that the early and marked desorganization of draining Lymph node structures may contribute to the immune abnormalities in silicosis.
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t Lymphocyte activation in the enlarged Thoracic Lymph Nodes of rats with silicosis
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 1997Co-Authors: Holger Garn, A Friedetzky, Gerald S Davis, David R Hemenway, Diethard GemsaAbstract:Silicosis is primarily a mononuclear cell inflammatory and fibrotic disease of the pulmonary parenchyma. It is known that lung-associated Lymph Nodes are also affected. To study the involvement of Lymphocytes in silicosis, we examined Lymph Nodes of rats 12 months after an 8-day silica aerosol exposure. We found that 2 Thoracic Lymph Nodes close to the thymus were enormously enlarged in silicotic rats and contained a 49-fold higher cell number than control Lymph Nodes. The higher cell number was caused by parallel increases in T- and B-Lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages without change in the relative proportions when compared with control Thoracic Lymph Nodes. By examining interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression, we detected a significantly higher percentage of activated CD8+ T cells and, to a lower degree, of CD4+ T cells in Thoracic Lymph Nodes of silicotic animals. In contrast, no differences in the activation state were found in T cells obtai...
Steven D Shapiro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cigarette smoke exposure impairs dendritic cell maturation and t cell proliferation in Thoracic Lymph Nodes of mice
Journal of Immunology, 2008Co-Authors: Clinton S Robbins, Francesca Franco, Majd Mouded, Manuela Cernadas, Steven D ShapiroAbstract:Respiratory tract dendritic cells (DCs) are juxtaposed to directly sample inhaled environmental particles. Processing and presentation of these airborne Ags could result in either the development of immunity or tolerance. The purpose of this study was to determine the consequences of cigarette smoke exposure on DC function in mice. We demonstrate that while cigarette smoke exposure decreased the number of DCs in the lungs, Ag-induced DC migration to the regional Thoracic Lymph Nodes was unaffected. However, cigarette smoking suppressed DC maturation within the Lymph Nodes as demonstrated by reduced cell surface expression of MHC class II and the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. Consequently, DCs from cigarette smoke-exposed animals had a diminished capacity to induce IL-2 production by T cells that was associated with diminished Ag-specific T cell proliferation in vivo. Smoke-induced defects in DC function leading to impaired CD4+ T cell function could inhibit tumor surveillance and predispose patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to infections and exacerbations.
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Scavenger Receptors SR-AI/II and MARCO Limit Pulmonary Dendritic Cell Migration and Allergic Airway Inflammation
Journal of Immunology, 2007Co-Authors: Mohamed S. Arredouani, Francesca Franco, Steven D Shapiro, Amy Imrich, Alexey V. Fedulov, Xin Lu, David L. Perkins, Raija Soininen, Karl Tryggvason, Lester KobzikAbstract:The class A scavenger receptors (SR-A) MARCO and SR-AI/II are expressed on lung macrophages (MΦs) and dendritic cells (DCs) and function in innate defenses against inhaled pathogens and particles. Increased expression of SR-As in the lungs of mice in an OVA-asthma model suggested an additional role in modulating responses to an inhaled allergen. After OVA sensitization and aerosol challenge, SR-AI/II and MARCO-deficient mice exhibited greater eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness compared with wild-type mice. A role for simple SR-A-mediated Ag clearance (“scavenging”) by lung MΦs was excluded by the observation of a comparable uptake of fluorescent OVA by wild-type and SR-A-deficient lung MΦs and DCs. In contrast, airway instillation of fluorescent Ag revealed a significantly higher traffic of labeled DCs to Thoracic Lymph Nodes in SR-A-deficient mice than in controls. The increased migration of SR-A-deficient DCs was accompanied by the enhanced proliferation in Thoracic Lymph Nodes of adoptively transferred OVA-specific T cells after airway OVA challenge. The data identify a novel role for SR-As expressed on lung DCs in the down-regulation of specific immune responses to aeroallergens by the reduction of DC migration from the site of Ag uptake to the draining Lymph Nodes.