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Selvarani Vimalanathan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the antimicrobial properties of cedar leaf Thuja plicata oil a safe and efficient decontamination agent for buildings
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2011
    Co-Authors: J B Hudson, Selvarani Vimalanathan
    Abstract:

    Cedar leaf oil (CLO), derived from the Western red cedar, Thuja plicata, was evaluated as a safe and acceptable broad spectrum antimicrobial agent, with a view to its potential applications in buildings, including the alleviation of sick building syndrome. Various Gram-positive and Gram-negative human bacteria, and two fungal organisms, all known to be common environmental sources of potential infection, were selected and tested quantitatively, and all of them were found to be susceptible to CLO liquid and vapor. Bacterial spores and Aspergillus niger were sensitive, although less so than the vegetative bacteria. Similar tests with cultured human lung cells showed that continuous exposure to CLO vapor for at least 60 minutes was not toxic to the cells. Based on these results, CLO shows promise as a prospective safe, green, broad-spectrum anti-microbial agent for decontamination of buildings.

  • www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph The Antimicrobial Properties of Cedar Leaf (Thuja plicata) Oil; A Safe and Efficient Decontamination Agent for Buildings
    2011
    Co-Authors: James Hudson, Michael Kuo, Selvarani Vimalanathan
    Abstract:

    Abstract: Cedar leaf oil (CLO), derived from the Western red cedar, Thuja plicata, was evaluated as a safe and acceptable broad spectrum antimicrobial agent, with a view to its potential applications in buildings, including the alleviation of sick building syndrome. Various Gram-positive and Gram-negative human bacteria, and two fungal organisms, all known to be common environmental sources of potential infection, were selected and tested quantitatively, and all of them were found to be susceptible to CLO liquid and vapor. Bacterial spores and Aspergillus niger were sensitive, although less so than the vegetative bacteria. Similar tests with cultured human lung cells showed that continuous exposure to CLO vapor for at least 60 minutes was not toxic to the cells. Based on these results, CLO shows promise as a prospective safe, green, broad-spectrum anti-microbial agent for decontamination of buildings

Ning Yan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

I P Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • anatomical explanations for the changes in properties of western red cedar Thuja plicata wood during heat treatment
    Wood Science and Technology, 2011
    Co-Authors: L Awoyemi, I P Jones
    Abstract:

    Thermal treatment is an alternative to the chemical treatment in wood preservation, which has been used to some extent in improving timber quality. Despite the enormous works done so far on the effects of heat treatment on wood properties, very little is known about the anatomical changes in the various wood species during the process. Wood samples from western red cedar (Thuja plicata) were heat-treated at a temperature of 220°C for 1 and 2 h. The anatomical structures were examined before and after the heat treatment process by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and related to density, water uptake, thickness swelling and modulus of rupture of wood samples obtained from the same board. Heat treatment of red cedar wood resulted in the destruction of tracheid walls, ray tissues and pit deaspiration. The destroyed tracheid walls and ray tissues appeared to blow up, thus increasing the size of the specimen. The process of pit deaspiration also resulted in increasing size of the pits, thus creating more openings in the wood. These changes in wood anatomy indicate that the well-established chemical degradation is not the only reason for changes in wood properties during heat treatment. However, it is believed that the effects of the chemical changes still outweigh those of the anatomical changes based on the modification observed during the process of heat treatment.

J B Hudson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the antimicrobial properties of cedar leaf Thuja plicata oil a safe and efficient decontamination agent for buildings
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2011
    Co-Authors: J B Hudson, Selvarani Vimalanathan
    Abstract:

    Cedar leaf oil (CLO), derived from the Western red cedar, Thuja plicata, was evaluated as a safe and acceptable broad spectrum antimicrobial agent, with a view to its potential applications in buildings, including the alleviation of sick building syndrome. Various Gram-positive and Gram-negative human bacteria, and two fungal organisms, all known to be common environmental sources of potential infection, were selected and tested quantitatively, and all of them were found to be susceptible to CLO liquid and vapor. Bacterial spores and Aspergillus niger were sensitive, although less so than the vegetative bacteria. Similar tests with cultured human lung cells showed that continuous exposure to CLO vapor for at least 60 minutes was not toxic to the cells. Based on these results, CLO shows promise as a prospective safe, green, broad-spectrum anti-microbial agent for decontamination of buildings.

Jim Mattsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The expression of a Western redcedar (Thuja plicata) sabinene synthase is localized to the epithelium of foliar resin glands and correlates with natural genetic variation in thujone content
    2020
    Co-Authors: Adam Foster, Leanne Mortimer, Regine Gries, Gerhard Gries, Jorg Bohlmann, Jim Mattsson, Dawn Hall, Aine Plant, John Russell
    Abstract:

    Abstract Western redcedar (Thuja plicata), endemic to the North West American coast, grows into giant trees with prized wood. Reforestation with T. plicata is severely hampered by extensive ungulate browsing of plantlets. High foliar monoterpenoid content, primarily thujone, correlates with reduced browsing, providing a potential avenue for resistance breeding. To date, however, the genetic basis of monoterpenoid biosynthesis is unknown in this species. We have cloned a T. plicata putative monoterpene synthase gene and found that it is expressed at high levels in the epithelium of foliar resin canals and induced by wounding and jasmonic acid treatment. In addition, purified recombinant protein converts geranyl pyrophosphate into sabinene, a suspected precursor in thujone synthesis. We therefore named this gene T. plicata . TpSS-1 expression correlates with natural genetic variation in foliar thujone content in available breeding populations, providing prospects for marker-assisted-selection based on TpSS-1.

  • identification of genes in Thuja plicata foliar terpenoid defenses
    Plant Physiology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Adam J Foster, Dawn E Hall, Leanne Mortimer, Shelley Abercromby, Regine Gries, Gerhard Gries, Jorg Bohlmann, John H Russell, Jim Mattsson
    Abstract:

    Thuja plicata (western redcedar) is a long-lived conifer species whose foliage is rarely affected by disease or insect pests, but can be severely damaged by ungulate browsing. Deterrence to browsing correlates with high foliar levels of terpenoids, in particular the monoterpenoid α-thujone. Here, we set out to identify genes whose products may be involved in the production of α-thujone and other terpenoids in this species. First, we generated a foliar transcriptome database from which to draw candidate genes. Second, we mapped the storage of thujones and other terpenoids to foliar glands. Third, we used global expression profiling to identify more than 600 genes that are expressed at high levels in foliage with glands, but can either not be detected or are expressed at low levels in a natural variant lacking foliar glands. Fourth, we used in situ RNA hybridization to map the expression of a putative monoterpene synthase to the epithelium of glands and used enzyme assays with recombinant protein of the same gene to show that it produces sabinene, the monoterpene precursor of α-thujone. Finally, we identified candidate genes with predicted enzymatic functions for the conversion of sabinene to α-thujone. Taken together, this approach generated both general resources and detailed functional characterization in the identification of genes of foliar terpenoid biosynthesis in T. plicata.